| 释义 |
forgive, v.|fəˈgɪv|
Pa. tense forgave |fəˈgeɪv|. Pa. pple. forgiven |fəˈgɪv(ə)n|. Forms: see give.
[OE. forᵹiefan (f. for- prefix1 + ᵹiefan: see give v.), corresponding to Du. vergeven, OHG. far-, fer-, for-, furgeban (Ger. vergeben), ON. fyrirgefa (Sw. förgifva, MDa. forgive) to forgive, Goth. fragiban to grant.]
†1. trans. To give, grant. Obs.
c900tr. Bæda's Hist. i. xvi. [xxvii.] (1890) 84 Forþon ne bið þæt forᵹifen þætte alefed bið, ac þæt bið riht. 971Blickl. Hom. 31 Ealra þara gifa þe he middanᵹearde forgeaf þurh his tocyme. a1175Cott. Hom. 229 He forȝiaf blinde manne ȝesechðe. 1377Langl. P. Pl. B. xviii. 76 For he was knyȝte & kynges sone kynde forȝaf þat tyme, Þat non harlot were so hardy to leyne hands vppon hym. 1483Vulgaria abs Terentio 2 b, The grettist tresoure that j hadd j forgafe the.
†2. To give up, cease to harbour (resentment, wrath). Also, to give up one's resolve (to do something). Obs.
c1200Ormin 1466 Aȝȝ whannse þu forrȝifesst tuss þin wraþþe. c1305Pilate 167 in E.E.P. (1862) 115 He wende..þat he hadde forȝeue him his wraþþe. c1380Wyclif Paternoster Wks. (1880) 200 Here men moten forȝeue þe rancour..of here herte to here neiȝeboris. a1533Ld. Berners Huon lxxxiii. 257 Oberon..forgaue all the yll wyll that he had to Huon. 1564Carsewell's Lett. in Wodr. Soc. Misc. 285, I can nocht forgif to do my sobir diligens in furderance of the kirk.
3. To remit (a debt); to give up resentment or claim to requital for, pardon (an offence). Const.
a. with simple object.
a1000Cædmon's Gen. 662 (Gr.) He forgirð hit. c1175Lamb. Hom. 67 Ower hating forȝefe ȝe. c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 29 Þanne beð þe synne forgiuen. 13..Cursor M. 25109 (Cott. Galba) Lord forgiff þou dettes ours. c1400Destr. Troy 11581 All hir gilt to forgiff. 1503Kalender of Sheph. Pater Noster, Forghewe the fawlys doyeng ageyns them. 1596Shakes. Merch. V. iv. i. 26 Forgiue a moytie of the principall. 1651Hobbes Leviath. iii. xlii. 274 An Authority to Forgive, or Retain Sins. 1781Burns Why am I loth ii, Fain would I say, ‘Forgive my foul offence!’ 1855Tennyson Maud xii, Should I fear..to say ‘Forgive the wrong’. 188219th Cent. No. 61. 348 The amount of rent that has been forgiven in the past two years has been very large.
b. with the thing in the acc., and the person in the dat., or preceded by † til, to, unto (or as subj. of vb. in pass).
c1000Ags. Gosp. Matt. vi. 12 And forgyf us ure gyltas. c1175Lamb. Hom. 37 Ne mei þe preost forȝefen nane men his sunne. a1300Cursor M. 19019 (Edin.) Giu sal forgiuin be giur sak. Ibid. 25109 (Cott.) Forgiue þou til us dettes vrs. c1320Sir Tristr. 2568 Forȝeuen hem was her wo, No were þai neuer so dere. 1382Wyclif Matt. xviii. 27 Sothely the lord of that seruant.. forȝaue to hym the dette. c1430Hymns Virg. (1867) 128 Lord your deth forgyffe it me. 1503–4Act 19 Hen. VII, c. 37 Preamb., It pleased your Highnesse..to forgyve unto your seid Subgiect all the seid Mesprisions. 1611Bible Isa. xxxiii. 24 The people that dwel therein shalbe forgiuen their iniquitie. 1665Walton Life Hooker H.'s Wks. 1888 I. 39 Forgiving him his first-fruits. 1726–31Tindal Rapin's Hist. Eng. (1743) II. xvii. 153 She forgave him what she had lent his father. 1782Cowper Charity 634 Let Charity forgive me a mistake That zeal, not vanity, has chanced to make. 1826T. Moore Mem. (1854) V. 46 Clonmell never forgave this to Grattan.
c. with indirect (personal) obj. only, either in dat. (a construction now merged in 4), or † preceded by to, till, unto.
c1000Ags. Gosp. Matt. xviii. 21 Mot ic him forgyfan oð seofon siþas. c1175Lamb. Hom. 39 Þu scalt forȝeuen þon monne þe wið þe agultet. a1340Hampole Psalter vi. 1 Forgifynge til him þat synnes in vs. 1382Wyclif Matt. vi. 12 As we forȝeue to oure dettours. 1484Caxton Fables of æsop i. xviii, The myghte and puyssant must pardonne and forgyue to the lytyll and feble.
4. To give up resentment against, pardon (an offender). Const. for, † of, or dependent clause, rarely † to with inf. Also (now rarely) to abandon one's claim against (a debtor).
[c1000,c1175: see 3 c.] c1200Ormin 4960 To forrȝifenn oþre menn Wiþþ word & ec wiþþ herrte. c1340Cursor M. 8396 (Fairf.) Ȝe ar for-giuen of þat vn-riȝt. c1450Mirour Saluacioun 91 How yt crist forgaf mavdelen marie. 1591Shakes. Two Gent. ii. iv. 172 Forgiue me that I doe not dreame on thee. 1607Wilkins Miseries Inforced Marriage ii. D j, I do forgiue thee with my hart. 1715De Foe Fam. Instruct. i. i, He forgives them for the sake of Jesus Christ. 1742Richardson Pamela III. 387 An Example so much better—forgive me to say—before her. 1785Burns 1st Epist. Lapraik xvii, I like the lasses—Gude forgie me! 1828Scott F.M. Perth xxi, Forgive me if I remind you, that [etc.]. 1866G. Macdonald Ann. Q. Neighb. xxii. (1878) 403 He asks you to forgive the man who wronged you.
5. absol. (of 3 and 4, which in this use coincide).
c1000Ags. Gosp. Luke vi. 37 Forgyfaþ & eow byð forgyfen. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. vi. v. (1495) 192 Chyldren ben sone playsyd and lyghtly they forgyue. 1611Bible 1 Kings viii. 30 And when thou hearest, forgiue. 1709Pope Ess. Crit. 525 To err is human, to forgive, divine. 1841Trench Parables xxiv. (1877) 411 Though God may forgive, man is not therefore to forget.
6. To make excuse or apology for, regard indulgently. Now only in imp. as an entreaty.
1667Milton P.L. x. 956 Thy frailtie and infirmer Sex forgiv'n. 1738Pope Epil. Sat. i. 63 Dear Sir, forgive the Prejudice of Youth. 1782Cowper Truth 582 Forgive their evil, and accept their good. 1850Tennyson In Mem. Prol. xi, Forgive these wild and wandering cries..Forgive them where they fail in truth.
†7. = misgive. (So also give). Obs. rare.
1600Holland Livy 754 Anniball, whose mind forgave him that such a thing would fall out, had prepared shipping.
8. dial. (See quots.)
1790Grose Prov. Gloss (ed. 2) s.v., Forgive, to thaw. a1825Forby Voc. E. Anglia, Forgive, to begin to thaw. |