| 释义 |
▪ I. † lavish, n. Obs.
Forms: 5 lavas, 6 lavess(e, lavasse, lavish.
[a. OF. lavasse, lavache, deluge of rain. Cf. OF. lavis torrent (of words).]
Profusion, excessive abundance, extravagant outpouring or expenditure; prodigality, lavishness. Phr. to make lavish.
1483Caxton Gold. Leg. 364/2 Ther was no lauas in their speche ne euylle. 1534Whitinton Tullyes Offices (1540) ii. 101 The other large lauesse is appropried as to flatterers of the commen people. 1548Udall Erasm. Par. Luke vii. 86 b, Dooest thou see this woman..makyng lauasse of hir precious perfumed oynctemente. 1565T. Stapleton Fortr. Faith 117 They ryot not in lauish, but liue in fasting. 1583Stubbes Anat. Abus. ii. (1882) 40 If euerie brooker would deale thus, their would not so many false knaues bring them such lauish of stollen goods, as they do. 1589Nashe Introd. Greene's Menaphon (Arb.) 8 The sweete sacietie of eloquence, which the lauish of our copious Language maie procure. c1592Marlowe Massacre Paris xxiv. 102 He loves me..that makes most lavish of his blood. 1597J. Payne Royal Exch. 11 You shall surely answere and make accowmpte for the lavess and misspendinge of your maysters goods.
▪ II. lavish, a.|ˈlævɪʃ|
Forms: 5–6 lavas, lavage, 6 laves, laveis, lavaige, Sc. lawage, lavash, 6– lavish.
[f. lavish n.]
1. a. With reference to speech: Unrestrained, effusive; esp. in phrase lavish of (one's) tongue. Now only as contextual use of 2.
1485Eliz. C'Tess Surrey in Paston Lett. No. 886 III. 323 They have not ben of that disposicion to be lavas of theyr tungys, whan they had moore cause of booldnes than they have nowe. 1529More Dyaloge iv. Wks. 245/1 [Though many confessors are] in al other thing so light and laues of theyr tong..yet finde we neuer..cause giuen of complaint, through..secretes vttred..by the confessoure. 1535Stewart Cron. Scot. III. 114 ‘Trow ȝe’, he said, ‘for ȝour speiking so proude, Or lichtlie langage bayth lawage and loude,..That I dar nocht to my purpois proceid’. 15941st Pt. Contention i. i. 25 Th' excessiue loue I beare vnto your Grace, Forbids me to be lauish of my tongue. 1675Traherne Chr. Ethics 415 How do old men even dote into lavish discourses of the beginning of their lives. 1701Rowe Ambit. Step-Moth. ii. ii. 761, I bore his lavish Tongue. 1742Young Nt. Th. ii. 284 But why on Time so lavish is my song? 1807Crabbe Birth of Flattery 264 The lavish tongue shall honest truths impart.
†b. Of conduct or disposition: Unrestrained, impetuous; loose, wild, licentious. Obs.
1597Shakes. 2 Hen. IV, iv. iv. 64 When Meanes and lauish Manners meete together. 1605― Macb. i. ii. 57 Curbing his lauish spirit. 1634Milton Comus 465 When lust..by leud and lavish act of sin, Lets in defilement to the inward parts. 1640Quarles Enchirid. iii. 28 If he be given to lavish Company, endeavour to stave him off with lawfull Recreations.
†c. Extravagant or ‘wild’ in speculation. Obs.
1693J. Edwards Auth. O. & N. Test. 252 If..I have shewed my self arbitrary and lavish in some of the derivations.
2. a. Expending or bestowing without stint or measure; unboundedly liberal or profuse; prodigal. Const. of, in. In early use often: Wasteful, extravagant.
c1475Cath. Angl. 210 (Add. MS.) Lavage, prodigus. 1546J. Heywood Prov. (1867) 54 He is so laueis, the stocke beginneth to droope. 1548–67Thomas Ital. Dict., Discipatrici, lauage woman, they that will spend out of reason. 1553N. Grimalde Cicero's Offices i. (1558) 21 Lauisher than their goods wil beare. 1565Golding Ovid's Met. 180 The lauas earth doth yeeld you plenteously Most gentle foode, &c. 1576Fleming Panopl. Epist. 240 Lest you be carefull in keeping..or to prodigall and lavash in wasting them. 1596Shakes. 1 Hen. IV, iii. ii. 39 Had I so lauish of my presence beene, So common hackney'd in the eyes of men. 1597Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. lxv. §20 The liberall harted man is..by the iudgement of the miserable lauish. 1605Play Stucley in Simpson Sch. Shaks. (1878) I. 262, I ever fear'd that my courageous brother..would be too lavish of his person. 1643J. Burroughes Exp. Hosea ii. vii. (1652) 276 You often tell your lavish wasting servants, they will be glad of a crust before they dye. 1697Dryden Virg. Past. vii. 76 Lavish Nature laughs, and strows her Stores around. 1710Hearne Collect. (O.H.S.) III. 51 When we are so lavish of our Money upon Trifles. a1763Shenstone Elegies i. 17 The mourner, lavish of his tears. 1791Boswell Johnson (1816) IV. 482, I have not been lavish of useless letters. 1824W. Irving T. Trav. I. 113 His bounty was lavish and open-handed. 1849Ruskin Sev. Lamps iv. §3. 97 In this respect Nature is sparing of her highest, and lavish of her less, beauty. 1867Freeman Norm. Conq. (1876) I. iv. 152 The people thus formed..were..the most lavish in gifts to holy places.
b. Expended, bestowed, or produced in unstinted profusion; profuse, abundant.
1576Fleming Panopl. Epist. 220 He writeth to Dionysius..and alies, to leave off their lavash cheare and delicates. 1603Shakes. Meas. for M. ii. ii. 24 Let her haue needfull but not lauish meanes. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. i. 423 The low'ring Spring, with lavish Rain, Beats down the slender Stem and bearded Grain. 1779–81Johnson L.P., Young Wks. IV. 277 His three Plays all concluded with lavish suicide. 1832Tennyson Eleänore 12 Thou wert nursed in some delicious land Of lavish lights, and floating shades. 1848W. K. Kelly tr. L. Blanc's Hist. Ten Y. II. 446 He..received him at Neuilly with lavish marks of regard. 1883–4O'Donovan Story Merv ii. 26 He wore a silk tunic..with lavish gold embroidery.
3. dial. Of grass or wheat: Rank, overgrown.
c1730Poynter Ms. Gloss. in N. & Q. Ser. vi. VIII. 45 Lavage, rank. 1842G. P. R. Pulman Sketches (1871) 111 The grass is too lavidge. 1844Barnes Poems Rural Life Gloss., Lavish, rank. ‘That wheat is lavish.’
Add:[2.] c. Of food, clothing, decoration, etc.: sumptuous, rich, luxurious, extravagant. Also transf.
1882E. O'Donovan Merv Oasis I. iv. 62 He wore a silk tunic..with lavish gold embroidery. 1936G. Greene in Spectator 26 June 1171/2 For two hours we too had lived on the ‘Queen Mary’..in an atmosphere of immense expenditure, of boat deck sentiment, of decorations lavish if not in the best of taste. 1972Daily Tel. 5 Apr. 13/5 Susannah York..wore an Ashley blouse and long skirt..to Elizabeth Taylor's lavish..party recently in Budapest. 1974P. Carey Fat Man in Hist. (1980) 155 We..prepared ourselves lavish midnight snacks. 1992Antique Dealer Jan. 17/1 The high-ceilinged reception room lined with 85 square yards of amber panelling carved in low relief..and encrusted with rubies and emeralds, was the lavish gift of Frederick I of Prussia to Peter the Great.
▪ III. lavish, v.|ˈlævɪʃ|
Also 6 lavesse.
[f. lavish a.]
1. intr. To be lavish.
†a. To be profuse in expense; to plunge into (excess). Also to lavish it. Obs.
b. To be lavish of words; to exaggerate. Obs.
c. Of rain: To pour along in torrents. rare.
1567J. Maplet Gr. Forest 105 He, fearing the Female to lauish and to be no sparer of such vittailes as they haue..stenteth the Female. 1613R. Cawdrey Table Alph., Lauish, to spend extraordinarily. 1614D. Dyke Myst. Self-deceiving xxii. 274 The Scripture saith not the minister may luxuriously lauish it, but onely liue of the altar. 1625Cooke Pope Joan 69 You lauish when you talke of 400. yeares after. For I haue prooued vnto you alreadie, by the bookes that are yet extant, that it was knowne sooner. 1625Bp. R. Montagu App. Cæsar 217 S. Aug. in commending him did not lavish at all, where he saith, that he was..magni nominis [etc.]. 1642J. Ball Answ. Canne i. 54 You lavish somewhat when you say without limitation [etc.]. 1698Fryer Acc. E. India & P. 162 His Father dying soon,..he..lavishes into Excesses not approved of. 1830Galt Laurie T. iii. iii. (1849) 90 The rain came lavishing along as if the windows of heaven were opened.
2. trans. To bestow, deal out, distribute, or spend profusely and recklessly; also with away, out. Const. in, on or upon, rarely to.
a. with material object. Also, to shed (blood) in profusion.
1542Udall tr. Erasmus' Apophth. 135 Those persones, who of a ryottousnesse did prodigally lauesse out and waste their substaunce..vpon cookes, or reuellers [etc.]. 1592Nobody & Someb. in Simpson Sch. Shaks. (1878) I. 288 Helpe us to lavish our abundant treasures In masks, sports, revells, riots, and strange pleasures. 1611Bible Isa. xlvi. 6 They lauish gold out of the bagge. 1650W. Brough Sacr. Princ. (1659) 407 Shall all be lavished away that should be so laid out? 1692Washington tr. Milton's Def. Pop. xii. 229 That he might..lavish out in one House, the Riches and Wealth..of three Nations. 1713Addison Cato ii. i, We lavish'd at our deaths the blood of thousands. a1715Burnet Own Time (1724) I. 245 Money, which she lavished out in a most profuse vanity. 1786Burke W. Hastings Wks. 1842 II. 143 That excessive salaries and emoluments..have been lavished by the said Warren Hastings to sundry individuals. 1796Campaigns 1793–4, I. i. ix. 92 'Twas a pity brave men should be lavish'd away. 1820W. Irving Sketch Bk. II. 156 The children..lavish all their holyday money in toys. 1851D. G. Mitchell Fresh Glean. 129 The savings of the week are lavished upon the indulgences of Sunday.
b. with immaterial object.
1581Sidney Apol. Poetrie (Arb.) 67 But I haue lauished out too many wordes of this play matter. 1621Quarles Esther v. E 3 b, Each Virgin keepes her turne, and all the night They lewdly lauish in the Kings delight. 1639Fuller Holy War ii. xxxiv. (1840) 95 Pity it is that any pity should be lavished on them. 1653tr. Hales' Dissert. de pace iv. 19 Is it credible that he will lavish out so excellent gifts..on men depraved with so many errors. 1672Dryden Conq. Granada i. i, Ev'ry Life You lavish thus, in this intestine Strife. a1704T. Brown Praise Poverty Wks. 1730 I. 100 Lavishing your favours. 1763W. Harris in Lett. Lit. Men (Camden) 401 His good nature..was lavished away on those who had least pretence to his favour. 1766Goldsm. Vic. W. xxi, To see her lavish some kind looks upon my unfortunate son. 1845Ford Handbk. Spain i. 50 [Nature] lavishes..her fairest charms where most unseen. 1856H. Rogers Ess. II. viii. 368 No end of controversy has been lavished on the philosopher's precise view. 1861J. Martineau Ess. (1869) II. 400 The blind force of instinctive life..Plato treats with none of the admiration lavished on it by Mr. Carlyle.
Hence ˈlavisher, one who lavishes.
1611Cotgr., Gaspilleur, a spend-all,..lauisher. a1619M. Fotherby Atheom. ii. i. §8 (1622) 189 God is not a Lauisher, but a Dispenser of his blessings. 1634Sir M. Sandys Ess. 209 Let those Lavishers then, that made the Covetous their Voyders, Live so thriftily, as to pay their debts in their life time. |