| 释义 |
▪ I. wound, n.|wuːnd|
Forms: α. 1–3 wund, 3 wunde (wnde); 3–5 wonde, 4–6 wond (6 Sc. vond), 5 woynd, 6 Sc. wind. β. 3–7 wounde, 3– wound (5 wownd, Sc. vound); 8 pl. wawnds.
[Common Teutonic: OE. wund = OFris. wunde, wund (WFris. woune, EFris. wûn), MDu. wonde (Du. wond), OS. wunda (LG. wunde, wunne, wunn), OHG. wunta, wunda (MHG. wunte, wunde, G. wunde), ON. (Icel., MSw.) und (Da. vunde from LG.), of uncertain relationship.
The original ŭ was normally lengthened before nd, but in the standard pronunc. has been prevented from developing into ou (as in bound, hound, ground, etc.) by the influence of the w (in contrast to wound, pa. tense of wind v.1). The pronunc. |waʊnd| is however given by some dictionaries of the 18th century (Kenrick, 1733; Jones, 1798), is widely current in dialects, is implied in various forms of wounds and zounds, and was common in the adv. woundy.]
1. a. A hurt caused by the laceration or separation of the tissues of the body by a hard or sharp instrument, a bullet, etc.; an external injury.
† death's wound: see death-wound.
α Beowulf 2711 Ða sio wund ongon, þe him se eorðdraca ær ᵹeworhte, swelan and swellan. c900Bæda's Hist. ii. ix. (1890) 124 Eac wæs se cyning ᵹehæled from þære wunde, þe him ær ᵹedon wæs. c1000Sax. Leechd. I. 180 Wið wunda,..ᵹenim þas wyrte þe we senecio nemdun. c1175Lamb. Hom. 79 Þa com þer an helendis Mon and heuede rouþe of him and wesch his wunden mid wine. c1205Lay. 23969 He wunde afeng feouwer unchene long. c1275Passion of Our Lord 187 in O.E. Misc. 42 Ne schullen hi nouht yete þolie none wnde. c1300Havelok 1980 He haues a wunde in the side. 1340Hampole Pr. Consc. 5337 Byhalde þe wondes þat yhe styked. c1380Sir Ferumb. 501 Þan he askede of Olyuere..If þat he any wonde bere in ys body þat tyde. c1400Destr. Troy 6316 Achylles..hymselfe fore to no fyght for hys fel wondys. 1422Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. 181 The bee is a Passynge wrathfull beste..and for vengeaunce they lewyth thar Styngill in the wonde. 1526Tindale Acts xvi. 33 He toke them..and Wasshed their wondes. 1549Compl. Scot. xiv. 121 The mortal vondis that he hed resauit fra bessus his seruituir.
βc1290Sancta Crux 438 in S. Eng. Leg. I. 14 To-gadere huy smiten to grounde..and maden heom wel bitere woundes. 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 11397 He hadde mo þan tuenti wounde ar he were inome. c1325Spec. Gy Warw. 442 And þere þeih sholen se soþliche, His grisli wounden openliche. 1390Gower Conf. III. 137 Of word among the men of Armes Ben woundes heeled with the charmes, Wher lacketh other medicine. c1400Mandeville (Roxb.) xix. 87 Þe blude rynnez doun fra þer woundes. c1440Promp. Parv. 533/1 Wownde, festryd, cicatrix. Wownde, made wythe swerde or other wepne, stigma. c1489Caxton Sonnes of Aymon xv. 356 He..cast hym doun to the grounde with a wounde mortall. 1547Boorde Brev. Health i. ccclxxvii. (1557) 120 b, There be dyuers sortes of woundes, some be newe and freshe woundes and some be olde woundes, some be depe woundes, [etc.]. 1594Shakes. Rich. III, i. ii. 55 Dead Henries wounds, Open their congeal'd mouthes, and bleed afresh. 1611Middleton & Dekker Roaring Girl L 3, Wounds should be drest and heal'd, not vext, or left Wide open, to the anguish of the patient. 1665Manley Grotius' Low C. Wars 271 Octavius..was shortly after shot by the Besieged, and dyed of the Wound. 1679Oldham Sat. Jesuits iii. (1681) 70 A Wound though cur'd, yet leaves behind a Scar. 1732T. Lediard Sethos II. viii. 222, I receiv'd a wound with a sword which laid me on the ground. 1744J. Armstrong Art Preserv. Health iii. 516 For want of timely care Millions have died of medicable wounds. 1770Goldsm. Des. Vill. 157 The broken soldier..Wept o'er his wounds. 1804Naval Chron. XII. 387 Having..several sabre and pike wounds. 1841Lever O'Malley lxxi, ‘And his wound? Is it a serious one?’ said a..voice, as the doctor left my room. 1866G. Macdonald Ann. Q. Neighb. xxvi, The blood flowed from a wound on the head. 1907J. H. Patterson Man-eaters of Tsavo vii. 78, I..bathed and dressed his wounds.
b. Esp. in the (Five) Wounds of Christ.
c1175Lamb. Hom. 75 Ac he hom helde mid his halie fif wunden. a1225Ancr. R. 292 Nem ofte Jesu..Vlih into his wunden, creop in ham mid þine þouhte. a1300Leg. Rood ii. 258 He aros to lyue From deþe þen þridde dai myd is wounden viue. 13..Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 642 Alle his afyaunce vpon folde was in þe fyue woundez þat Crist kaȝt on þe croys. 1450–1530Myrr. Our Ladye ii. 155 By meryte of our lordes fyue woundes. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 2 The moost worthy to be loued woundes & passyon of Chryst. 1533in Linc. Dioc. Docum. (1914) 157 The ij. cunstabelles..shall deyll vd in honor and worship of the v. wondes of our lord to the v. porest folkes in the towne. 1625tr. Camden's Hist. Eliz. 220 They..brought into the field many men, vnder flying colours, wherein were painted in some, the fiue wounds of our Lord. 1660F. Brooke tr. Le Blanc's Trav. 53 The Church of the five wounds of our Saviour. 1807Wordsw. White Doe ii. 21 And figured there The five dear wounds our Lord did bear. 1845Pusey tr. Horst's Parad. Soul (1847) II. vi. 81 Salutations to the Five Wounds of Christ. 1887Encycl. Brit. XXII. 549/2 As regards full stigmatization, with the visible production of the five wounds,..the oldest case, after St. Francis, is that of Ida of Louvain.
c. Used as an oath or strong exclamation, as by Christ's, or His, wounds, His arms and wounds, Wounds of God, etc. (Cf. wounds int.)
See also blood n. 1 e, Gad n.5 3, god n. 14 a, Gog1 2, and oons, swounds, zounds.
c1350Athelston 144 Sodaynly þan schalt þou dy, Be Cristes woundys fyue. c1480Henryson Wolf & Lamb 2689 Be his woundis, fals tratour, thow sall de. a1533Ld. Berners Huon clxxxix. 762 Than the maister ruffian began to swere bloode & woundes that thei shulde plei at the dyse. 1550Latimer Serm. G ii b, He cried oute, what, shall I dye (quod he) woundes, sydes, hart, shal I dye,..woundes and sydes shal I thus dye? 1560Nice Wanton 215 It is lost, by His woundes! and ten to one! 1568U. Fulwell Like will to Like B 1 b, Gogs hart.., Blood, wounds and nailes, it wil make a man mad. 1589Rare Tri. Love & Fort. (Roxb.) 143 By his wounds I would never lin [etc.]. 1602Chettle Hoffman iv. (1631) H 2 b, S'wounds ile confound her, and she linger thus. 1728Cibber & Vanbr. Provok'd Husb. i. 14 Ad's waunds, and heart!.. I'm glad I ha' fun ye. 1748Smollett Rod. Rand. xi, ‘Blood and wounds! (cried Weazel) d'ye question the honour of my wife, madam!’ [1869Blackmore Lorna D. xxv, Wounds of God! In what way thought you that a lawyer listened to your rigmarole?]
d. fig. or in fig. context.
a900Cynewulf's Crist 1314 Eala! Þær we nu maᵹon wraþe firene ᵹeseon on ussum sawlum synna wunde. c1000Rule St. Benet (Logeman) 80 ælfremeda wunda na abarian [L. aliena vulnera non detegere]. c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 41 Ure helende com to helen þe wundes þe þe deuel hadde on mancun broht. a1240Ureisun in O.E. Hom. I. 189 Þine wunden healen þe wunden of mi saule. c1374Chaucer Anel. & Arc. 239 My foo that gave myn herte A wounde. 14..Hoccleve Virg. & Christ 62 Vn-to the souerain leche, preye of grace, Þat he my wowndes vouchesauf to cure. 1530Tindale Answ. More i. Wks. (1572) 261/1 The wound of temptation beyng greater then that it could bee healed with the preaching of a woman. 1560J. Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 231 That the woundes of the Church might be healed. 1592Timme Ten Eng. Lepers L 3 b, Who falleth from patience by the wounds of evill tongues. 1621H. Elsing Debates Ho. Lords (Camden) 59 The wounde of the priviledge of the House not soe greate, as that his Majestie shoulde conceave a suspicion of our zeale to his honor. a1683Sidney Disc. Govt. i. xi. 24 This Wound is not cured by saying, that he first conquers one, and then more. 1708Pope Ode St. Cecilia 29 She..Pours balm into the bleeding lover's wounds. 1744H. Brooke in E. Moore Fables xv. 14 The wounds of honour never close. 1823Scott Quentin D. xvi, Louis, who searched the wounds of the land with steel and cautery. 1862Mrs. Browning De Profundis v, And tender friends go sighing round, ‘What love can ever cure this wound?’ 1885‘Mrs. Alexander’ At Bay xi, My jewel will always believe the best of me; time will heal up her wounds.
2. transf.
a. An incision, abrasion, or other injury due to external violence, in any part of a tree or plant.
1574T. Hill Ordering Bees etc. 77 Then the barke of him [an Apple tree] is sicke: then cut it with a knife,..and when the humour thereof is somwhat flowen ouer,..stoppe diligently his wounde with clay. 1658Evelyn Fr. Gard. (1675) 33 Make as few wounds in a Tree as possibly you can. 1707Mortimer Husb. 397 If you have occasion to make any great Wounds, cover them over with Clay. 1799H. Rooke Sk. Sherwood Forest 15 Where the Bark has been stript off for cutting the letters, the wood which grows over the wound never adheres to that part. 1837P. Keith Bot. Lex. 73 If the cortical layers, while yet young, are accidentally injured, the part destroyed is again regenerated, and the wound healed up without a scar. 1897W. G. Smith tr. Tubeuf's Dis. Plants 79 Wounds to the wood are also frequently produced during the felling of neighbouring Trees.
b. In other transf. uses.
1667Milton P.L. i. 689 Soon has his crew Op'nd into the Hill a spacious wound And dig'd out ribs of Gold. Ibid. ix. 782 Her rash hand..Forth reaching to the Fruit, she pluck'd, she eat: Earth felt the wound. 1792Pakenham in Trans. Soc. Arts X. 210 Fifty-eight lower masts were wounded,..thirty-two of which had their wounds in the upper third.
3. Surgery. An incision or opening made by a surgical operator.
1668Culpepper & Cole Barthol. Anat. iii. vi. 143 If..you..then by a Wound made in an Artery shall put in a crooked hollow probe. 1805Med. Jrnl. XIV. 522 The wound of the integuments was contracted with strips of adhesive plaster. 1884Thompson Tumours of Bladder 37 At the operation no tumour was found,..on Feb. 20, the wound was quite healed.
4. Something which causes a wound (lit. or fig.).
1715Pope Iliad iv. 225 My varied belt repell'd the flying wound. 1844Mrs. Browning Drama of Exile 667 Let thy words be wounds..For, so, I shall not fear thy power to hurt.
†5. (= L. plaga.)
a. A blow, a stroke. (Cf. plague n. 1.) Obs.
1382Wyclif Luke xii. 47 Thilke seruaunt that knew the wille of his lord, and made not him redy, and dide not vp his wille, schal be betun with many woundis. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. vi. xvi. (1495) n ij/1 The seruaunt that is not chastysed with wordes muste be chastysyd with woundes. 1450–1530Myrr. Our Ladye ii. 68.
†b. A plague. Obs.
c1369Chaucer Dethe Blaunche 1207 That was the ten woundes of Egypte.
†6. An imperfection, a flaw. Obs.
1646Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. i. i. 1 Our first and ingenerated forefathers, from whom..we derive our being, and the severall wounds of constitution.
7. Her. (See quot.)
1572J. Bossewell Armorie 10 Seuen signes, or tokens whiche are figured in Armes round..7. Is of Purpre, and is to be called a Wounde.
8. attrib. and Comb.
a. simple attributive, as wound-complication, wound-fever, wound-mark, wound-print, wound-secretion, wound-surface, wound-typhoid; with meaning ‘used for the healing of wounds’, as wound balsam, wound-dressing (concr.: cf. 8 b), wound-oil, wound-ointment, wound-paste;
b. objective and instrumental, as wound-dilator, wound-dressing, wound explorer; wound-healing, wound-inflicting, wound-plowed, wound-producing, wound-scarred, wound-worn adjs.
1658A. Fox tr. Wurtz' Surg. iv. i. 300, I like and approve better of Wound Oyles, and of Wound Ointments, than of *Wound Balsams. 1850Pereira Elem. Mat. Med. (ed. 3) II. 1525 Wound Balsam.
1899Allbutt's Syst. Med. VI. 213 A common and formidable *wound-complication.
1846James Heidelberg III. 141 In every country town,..the latter [sc. the barber] exercised the craft of bone-setting and *wound-dressing.
1887T. Longmore in J. B. Hamilton Trans. Internat. Med. Congress, 9th Session II. iii. 117 Primary *wound dressings shall be available at all times and in all places. 1959First-Aid Boxes in Factories Order 21 May in Stat. Instruments 1959 (1960) I. 1266 A sufficient number (not less than twelve) of adhesive wound dressings of an approved type and of assorted sizes. 1976D. Francis In Frame xi. 159 The outer bandages proved to be large strong pieces of linen..just below my shoulder blade, a large padded wound dressing.
1884Knight Dict. Mech., *Wound explorer, an electric sound used in searching for bullets.
1863L. M. Alcott Hospital Sk. iv. 51, I..recognized a certain Pennsylvania gentleman, whose *wound-fever had taken a turn for the worse. 1888Fagge & Pye-Smith Princ. & Pract. Med. (ed. 2) I. 70 Pyæmia (wound-fever, surgical infection).
1949M. Mead Male & Female x. 216 The resistance against certain diseases, the *wound-healing capacities of a whole people, may depend upon the meticulousness with which they use learned, not specific inherent, capacities. 1964Oceanogr. & Marine Biol. II. 409 Under conditions of wound-healing and repair the normal inhibitor of melanogenesis present in the rest of the animal is overcome or absent.
1866J. B. Rose tr. Ovid's Met. 229 So did the *wound inflicting brute rush on.
1892J. A. Henderson Ann. Lower Deeside 114 One of the survivors of the gang used to exhibit..the *wound-mark of a dagger. 1658*wound-oil, *-ointment [see wound balsam above]. 1753J. Bartlet Gentl. Farriery xxv. 224 Pledgits of tow spread with black or yellow basilicon (or the wound ointment).
1902Brit. Med. Jrnl. 12 Apr. 907 Herr König did not approve of *wound-paste.
c1600J. Day Begg. Bednall Gr. i. i. (1881) 10 Thou art a Souldier, and thy *wound-plow'd face Hath every furrow fill'd with falling tears.
1862J. M. Neale Hymns East. Church 88 In His Feet and Hands are *Wound-prints, And His Side.
1897Westm. Gaz. 9 Oct. 5/3 One of the most terrible *wound-producing bullets with which our military could be armed.
1888Gunter Mr. Potter xii. 144 The weather-beaten, *wound-scarred veteran of the plains.
1880Barwell Aneurism 2 This cord..was saturated in *wound-secretion.
1884Bower & Scott De Bary's Phaner. 108 *Wound-surfaces, of whatever sort, are closed and healed by it.
1896Allbutt's Syst. Med. I. 611 Pyæmia has been called *wound-typhoid.
1820Shelley Prometh. Unb. ii. i. 62 His pale *wound-worn limbs.
9. Special comb.: wound-cork, a protective layer formed on a damaged trunk or branch of a plant or tree; † wound-drink (see quot. 1694); wound-free adj., free from wounds; invulnerable; wound-fungus, a fungus which grows on the injured part of a plant; wound-herb, a plant used in the healing of wounds; = woundwort; wound hormone [tr. G. wundhormon (G. Haberlandt 1921, in Sitzungsber. d. Preuss. Akad. d. Wissensch. 222)], a substance that is produced in a plant in response to a wound and stimulates healing; cf. traumatic acid s.v. traumatic a. 3; wound-parasite, a parasite infesting damaged plants; wound-rocket (see quot.); † wound-shrub, a shrub having healing properties; wound-stripe Hist., a strip of gold braid worn by a wounded soldier on the left sleeve, vertically, above the cuff; wound stump = cicatrix 2; † wound-tree (see quots. and cf. wound-shrub); wound-tumour disease, a plant disease marked by tumours on roots, stems, or leaves and enlargement of veins and caused by the wound-tumour virus, Aureogenus magnivena, which is transmitted by leafhoppers; wound-weed = woundwort; wound-wood, wood formed over an injured part.
1897W. G. Smith tr. Tubeuf's Dis. Plants 76 A corky tissue—*wound-cork—may be formed in consequence of wounds to the bark.
1657W. Coles Adam in Eden cccxxxv. 614 Of Bugle..The decoction..is an especial helpe in all *Wound-drinkes.
1694W. Salmon Pharm. Bate 757/1 A *Wound Drink, or Drink for wounded People.
1609Heywood Brit. Troy xii. xciii. 263 Nor scapt the Troian *wound-free. 1613― Silver Age iii. i, When we prou'd his skin To be wound-free, not to be pierc'd with steele. 1624― Gunaik. vi. 280 An hearbe with whose juice if he would annointe any part of his bodie it should preserve it wound⁓free.
1897W. G. Smith tr. Tubeuf's Dis. Plants 77 They are less suited for the entrance of *wound-fungi than wounds on the living branch.
1597Gerarde Herbal ii. cxci. 508 In the world there are not two better *wound herbes. 1640Parkinson Theat. Bot. 543 Golden Rodde..is the most soveraigne woundherbe of many. 1671Salmon Syn. Med. iii. xxii. 416 Clowns-woundwort an excellent woundherb. 1955A. L. Rowse Expansion of Elizabethan England i. 6 Scottish practitioners flocked..to gather simples and wound-herbs. 1977Irish Press 29 Sept. 10/1 The Yarrow was principally used by herbalists as a wound-herb.
1921Chem. Abstr. XV. 2914 Exptl. evidence exists that the action of a wound as a stimulus in exciting cell division is due to decompn. products of the mechanically injured or dead cells. These products function as *wound hormones. 1966R. M. Devlin Plant Physiol. xvii. 427 Most plant tissues do not respond to traumatic acid, suggesting that it may be a specific wound hormone for bean-pod tissue.
1897W. G. Smith tr. Tubeuf's Dis. Plants 76 The normal duramen is preyed on for nutriment by many *wound-parasites.
1548Turner Names of Herbes (E.D.S.) 82 Barbara herba..maye be called in englishe *wound-rocket, for it is good for a wounde.
1659Lovell Herball 542 *Wound-shrub, Izontecpatlis, Vulnerum medicina.
1919Chamb. Jrnl. Feb. 82/2 A young fellow with *wound-stripes on his arm.
1923D. H. Lawrence Birds, Beasts & Flowers 52 Yet see him fling himself abroad in fresh abandon From the small *wound-stump.
1640Parkinson Theat. Bot. 1650 Negundo mas & fœmina. The male and female *wound tree. Ibid., Nimbo. Another healing or wound tree.
1945L. M. Black in Amer. Jrnl. Bot. XXXII. 408/1 It now seems that the terms ‘*wound-tumor virus’ and ‘wound-tumor disease’ may be more appropriate and distinctive. 1967K. M. Smith Insect Virol. xi. 219 A quick method of detecting the wound-tumor virus in the leafhopper is by staining the hemolymph smears of the insect with the D (dialysis) conjugates.
1857Anne Pratt Flower. Pl. III. 288 Solidago Virgaurea..This Golden Rod..was called *Wound-weed.
1897W. G. Smith tr. Tubeuf's Dis. Plants 77 These reagents..even replace the formation of protective *wound-wood.
▪ II. wound, v.|wuːnd|
Forms: 1 wundian, 2 wundie, 3 wunden (4 wnden); 3–5 wonde, 5–6 wond; 3–6 wounde (4 wownde, 5 wowndyn, 6 arch. wounden), 4– wound (5 Sc. vound). pa. tense 5 (9 arch.) wound.
[OE. wundian (f. wund wound n.) = OFris. (w)undia (WFris. wounje), MDu. and Du. wonden, OHG. wuntôn (MHG. wunden, G. verwunden), OIcel. undaðr pa. pple.; also OE. ᵹewundian = Goth. gawundôn.]
1. trans. To inflict a wound on (a person, the body, etc.) by means of a weapon; to injure intentionally in such a way as to cut or tear the flesh.
c760Pœnit. Abp. Ecgbert iv. xxii. in Thorpe Laws II. 210 Ᵹif hwylc læwede man oðerne wundiᵹe, ᵹebete wid hine ða wunde. c897ælfred Gregory's Past. C. xxxviii. 277 Swelce he..sua nacodne hine selfne eowiᵹe to wundiᵹeanne [v.r. wundianne] his feondum. c1000ælfric Exod. xxi. 12 Se ðe man wundað & wile hine ofslean, swelte he deaðe. c1175Lamb. Hom. 15 Ȝif þu me wundedest, ic sculde wundie þe þer on-ȝein. c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 33 Hie him bireueden alle hise riche weden and wundeden him swiðe. c1205Lay. 1724 Heo..mid wepnen hine wundeden [c 1275 wondede] & seoððen hine slewen. c1290Beket 2101 in S.E. Leg. 166 He woundede is Arm swyþe sore, þat blod orn faste a-doun. 1338R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 330 Come Roberde's squiere, & wonded him wele more. c1380Wyclif Wks. (1880) 421 Crist..koude not ordeyne siche buschementis to robbe men & to wounde hem. 1412–20Lydg. Chron. Troy i. 3403 Eueryche gan oþer for to hurte and wounde, Til eche his felawe hath cruelly y-slawe. 1503–4Act 19 Hen. VII, c. 36 Preamble, Stanhop..lay in wayte uppon the seid sir William and hym grevously wouneded and maymed. 1556Chron. Gr. Friars (Camden) 17 Brake owte of the kynges jayle of Newgatte Owyn..& wondyd hys keper. 1651Hobbes Leviath. ii. xxvii. 155 If he wound him to death, this is no Crime. 1704Pope Windsor For. 180 With her dart the flying deer she wounds. c1800Young Hunting iv. in Child Ballads II. 148/1 He..little thocht o that penknife Wherewith she wound him deep. 1839Lane Arab. Nts. I. 110 From the day on which I had wounded him, he had never spoken. 1887Rider Haggard A. Quatermain xxii. 254 They hacked and hewed at him with swords and spears, wounding him in a dozen places.
refl.c1400Mandeville (Roxb.) xix. 87 Þai wound þam self in þe legges and þe armes. a1450Mirk's Festial 136 He wondyd hymselfe in þe honde wyth his nalle grevesly.
b. Said of the weapon, etc.
c1000Ags. Ps. (Th.) lvi. 5 Wæpen-strælas þa me wundedon. 1303R. Brunne Handl. Synne 1374 One of þe arwys wounded [v.r. wndede] a knyȝt. 1581A. Hall Iliad iv. 75 His cruell darte did Pirus wounde. 1593Shakes. Lucr. 1185 My Honor ile bequeath vnto the knife That wounds my bodie so dishonored. 1727De Foe Hist. Appar. iv. (1840) 31 No engine or human art can wound him. 1735Johnson Lobo's Abyssinia, Voy. v. 29 One [of the muskets]..flew out of the Soldier's Hand, and falling against my Leg wounded it very much.
c. Freq. in passive.
c900O.E. Chron. (Parker MS.) an. 894, Hiora cyning wæs ᵹewundod on þæm ᵹefeohte, þæt hi hine ne mehton ferian. c1200Ormin 17431 Aȝȝ þan aniȝ wundedd wass Þurrh þa firene neddress. c1250Gen. & Ex. 853 Wunded ðor was gret folc and slaȝen. 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 2974 Þe king let..do vnder lechcraft hom þat iwounded were. a1300Cursor M. 7762 Þe king saul was wonded sare. c1350Will. Palerne 1377 Wel weldes he nouȝt his hele, for wonded was he sore. 1382Wyclif Zech. xiii. 6 With these Y was woundid in the hous of hem that loueden me. c1450Lovelich Grail xliii. 283 Of a wilde swyn thow were wondid sore thoruh thin hype. 1538in P. H. Hore Hist. Wexford (1900) I. 237 The residue being wondide to death flede away. 1610Holland Camden's Brit. (1637) 453 Hee was deadly wounded in the head. 1672Wiseman Wounds i. 88 In a wound in the right Temporal Muscle, where the Artery was wounded. 1712Addison Spect. No. 383. ⁋2 An honest Man that has been wounded in the Queen's Service. 1794Mrs. Radcliffe Myst. Udolpho xxv, Count Morano was wounded as bad as he. 1836Dickens Sk. Boz, Tuggs's at Ramsgate, All the coaches had been upset,..each coach had averaged two passengers killed, and six wounded. 1891Farrar Darkn. & Dawn lxv, For nearly three centuries the legend lingered on..that Nero was the wild beast, wounded to death, but whose deadly wound had been healed.
2. fig. To injure, inflict pain or hurt upon, in a manner comparable to the infliction of a wound; in later use esp. to pain or grieve deeply.
a1200Vices & Virtues 71 Ðar ðu art ðurh hem [sc. sins] ȝewunded, ðat ðu cunne hes halen. c1200Ormin 12484 Þe deofell comm to wundenn Crist Þurrh gluterrnessess wæpenn. c1230Hali Meid. 15 He..schoteð niht & dai hise earewen..to wundi þe wið wac wil & makien to fallen. a1340Hampole Psalter vii. 14 Thai may say we ere woundid with charite. c1374Chaucer Troylus ii. 533 So sore hath she me wounded That stod in blak wyth lokyng of her eyen. 1435Misyn Fire of Love ii. v. 78 Nedy I am & hongry,..wonedyd & ill-colorde for absens of my lufe. 1531Elyot Gov. ii. xii. (1883) II. 155 Wherwith Gysippus was so wounded to the harte,..that oppressed with mortall heuynes he fell in a sowne. 1600Shakes. A.Y.L. v. ii. 25, I thought thy heart had beene wounded with the clawes of a Lion. Orl. Wounded it is, but with the eyes of a Lady. 1667Pepys Diary 6 May, He has said that he would wound me with the person where my greatest interest is. 1675Dryden Aurengz. ii. (1676) 16 Oh! Indamora, hide those fatal Eyes; Too deep they wound, whom they too soon surprise. 1738Johnson Lond. 168 Fate never wounds more deep the gen'rous Heart, Than when a Blockhead's Insult points the Dart. 1797Jane Austen Sense & Sens. xxix, She dared not trust herself to speak, lest she might wound Marianne still deeper. 1814Scott Ld. of Isles v. xviii, And many a word, at random spoken, May soothe or wound a heart that's broken! 1873Black Pr. Thule xxiv. 402 If he says something careless she is sensitive to it, and it wounds her. 1905‘G. Thorne’ Lost Cause viii, It does wound one deeply to hear the Highest and Holiest things spoken of in this way.
b. With immaterial objects.
1340Hampole Pr. Consc. 1702 When þe saule es wounded with syn. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 43 b, The mynde is so wounded with ignoraunce..that [etc.]. 1526Tindale 1 Cor. viii. 12 When we synne so agaynst the brethren and wounde their weake consciences. 1609B. Jonson Sil. Wom. v. i, We must not wound reputation. 16..Lust's Domin. ii. v, It wounds my soul, To see the miserablest wretch to bleed. 1631Heywood 1st Pt. Fair Maid of West iii. i. 31 To spare my flesh And wound my fame, what is't? 1713Addison Cato i. iv, Better to die ten thousand thousand deaths, Than wound my honour. 1753–4Richardson Grandison II. xviii. 128, I come to attend you as a duty which I owe to my mother's memory; and I hope this may be done without wounding that of my father. 1832J. Austin Jurispr. (1879) I. 342 The execution would wound the sovereignty of the foreign supreme government. 1859Kingsley Misc. I. 92 You have undone me, wounded my credit with the King, past recovery. 1884L. J. Jennings Croker Papers I. 51 Moore's vanity was easily wounded at any time.
c. Used to express the effect of harsh or disagreeable sounds upon the ear.
1669Dryden Tyrannic Love i. i, [A Dead March within, and Trumpets.] Max. Somewhat of mournful, sure, my Ears does wound. a1675Traherne Poems of Felicity (1910) 52 The Bells do ring,..Their shriller Sound doth wound the Air. 1766Fordyce Serm. Yng. Wm. (1767) I. iii. 94 Their ears are wounded by the language of vice. 1866Trollope Claverings i, I shall be away from Clavering, so that the marriage-bells may not wound my ears.
3. absol. or intr. To inflict a wound or wounds; to do harm, hurt, or injury (physically or otherwise); to impair in any way. Freq. fig.
c897ælfred Gregory's Past. C. xi. 71 Se cleweþa.. wundað & sio wund sarað. 1426Lydg. De Guil. Pilgr. 2540 The swerd, Wych ys sharp..To wonde, & hurte, & parte atwene. 1591Drayton Harmony Ch., Song Moses xx, I kil, giue life, I wound, make whole againe. 1622Fletcher Love's Cure v. 1 This curtesie Wounds deeper than your Sword can, or mine own. 1668J. Wilson tr. Erasm. Praise of Folly (1913) 137 Sometimes also they use somewhat of a sting, but so nevertheless that they rather tickle than wound. 1692Prior Ode Imit. Hor. xi, He Wounds, to Cure; and Conquers, to Forgive. 1735Pope Prol. Sat. 203 Willing to wound, and yet afraid to strike, Just hint a fault, and hesitate dislike. 1744E. Moore Fables x. 30 From the hoop's bewitching round, Her very shoe has pow'r to wound. 1818Shelley Julian & Maddalo 413 Even the instinctive worm on which we tread Turns, though it wound not. 1829Chapters Phys. Sci. 272 Its strokes are so fine and delicate, that while it wounds it pleases. 1860Thackeray Round. Papers, Thorns in Cushion, Ah me! we wound where we never intended to strike.
4. transf. To pierce or cut as with a wound; to damage in this way.
a1225Ancr. R. 124, & te ilke wind ne wundeð nout bute þe eare one. c1374Chaucer Former Age 9 Yit nas the grownd nat wownded with þe plowh. 1387Trevisa Higden III. 459 Hit is unlaweful among us to woundy þe hilles wiþ culter and wiþ schare. 1553Eden Treat. New Ind. (Arb.) 14 The anuyl and hammer shall soner be wounded and leape away. 1592Shakes. Ven. & Ad. 267 His wouen girthes he [the steed] breakes asunder, The bearing earth with his hard hoofe he wounds. 1608― Per. iv. Prol. 23 When she would with sharpe needle wound The Cambricke which she made more sound By hurting it. 1697Dryden æneis x. 412 Force on the Vessel that her Keel may wound This hated Soil. 1743R. Blair Grave 192 The tapering Pyramid!..whose spiky Top Has wounded the thick Cloud. a1766J. W. Baker in Complete Farmer s.v. Turnep, Some [turnips], which had been accidentally wounded by cows. 1833Penny Cycl. I. 446/1 (America), The American aloe..yields, when wounded, an abundance of sweet fluid. 1886Encycl. Brit. XXI. 820/1 s.v. Shipbuilding, For the sake of avoiding unnecessarily wounding the timbers.
†b. spec. To damage (a mast), esp. in a naval action. Obs. (freq. in 18th cent.)
1743–4in 10th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. i. 211 The Namure being in a shattered Condition,..all the Topmasts wounded. 1758Ann. Reg. i. 100/2 The Orpheus..is peppered very well too, her masts very much wounded. 1798Hull Advertiser 16 June 1/3 Her rigging was much cut, and her mainmast wounded.
c. fig. Of wine: To overpower.
1613T. Milles tr. Mexia's Treas. Anc. & Mod. T. I. 610/1 Vpon the left hand..lay the bodies of beasts stretched out along, sleeping verie soundly... All were wounded with Wine. 1819Shelley Cyclops 416, I..filled Another cup, well knowing that the wine Would wound him soon.
▪ III. wound, ppl. a.|waʊnd|
[Pa. pple. of wind v.1]
Subjected to winding, in various senses of the verb.
1382Wyclif Isaiah xxvii. 1 An eddere,..a crookid wounde serpent. 1583Durham Wills (Surtees) II. 78, ij paire of bownd wheales..j paire of wounde wheales. 1865Swinburne Chastelard iii. i. 88 Soft as the loosening of wound arms in sleep.
▪ IV. wound
pa. tense and pple. of wind v.1 |