| 释义 |
▪ I. wrinkle, n.1|ˈrɪŋk(ə)l|
Also 5–6 wryncle, -kle, -kel, -kul, -kyl(le, 6 wrynckle, wrinkel(l, -kyll, -ckel, 6–7 wrinc(k)le (6 rinkle, 7 rinckle, -el).
[Of obscure origin; possibly a back-formation from wrinkled a.
Somner's OE. ‘wrincle, ruga, a wrincle’ is not otherwise known. Kilian's ‘wrinckel, ruga’ is also uncertified, and is rendered suspicious by his citing the English word.]
I.
†1. A sinuous or tortuous movement, formation, etc.; a winding or curving; a sinuosity. Obs.
1430–40Lydg. Bochas i. 2683 An hous..Callid Laboryntus,..Ful of wrynkles. 1480Caxton Trevisa's Higden (1482) 40 b, Laborintus..is an hous..wrought with..windynges so diuersly by wonderful wayes and wrynclis, that [etc.]. 1513Douglas æneid v. v. 62 The eddir..Lang wrinklis makis oft with hir body. Ibid. xii. viii. 69 Als feill wrynklis and turnis can scho mak As dois the swallow.
2. a. A crease, fold, or ridge caused by the folding, puckering, or contraction of a fabric, cloth, or other pliant substance. Occas. in fig. context. Also without article.
In quots. 1676, 1869 with allusion to sense 4 b.
a1420Wycliffite Bible Gen. xxxviii. 14 (MS. Cotton Claudius E ii), She took a roket cloþ wiþ many wrynclis. c1440Promp. Parv. 534/1 Wrynkyl, or plate yn clothe,..plica. 1514Barclay Cyt. & Uplondyshman (Percy Soc.) 1 Nor of his clothynge one wryncle stode a wrye. 1537Latimer Serm. bef. Convoc. A iij b, These wordis are so spoken in parabole, and ar so wrapped in wrinkels. 1594Carew Huarte's Exam. Wits xiii. 212 With their hosen hanging about their heels, ful of wrinckles. Ibid. xv. 312 He takes it at heart, to haue a wrinckle in his pumpe. 1617Woodall Surg. Mate Wks. (1639) 150 That there be no wrinckles in the clouts applied. 1676W. Hubbard Happiness of People 54 Cause..for that virgin..Church to condemn themselves for some spots or wrincles in their garment. 1758Johnson Idler No. 16 ⁋2 His stockings [were] without a wrinkle. 1842Loudon Suburban Hort. 175 The roll of canvass..winds up and lets down without a single wrinkle. 1869Mrs. Stowe Oldtown Folks v, Her Sunday bonnet was without spot, her Sunday gown without wrinkle.
fig.1624Heywood Gunaik. iv. 191 She so farre insinuated into the King's breast, that the wrinckles of all suggestions were cleared.
b. A slight narrow ridge or depression on a surface; a longitudinal mark; a corrugation.
1523Fitzherb. Husb. §100 The wryncles on the houe. 16012nd Pt. Return fr. Parnass. iii. iv. 1409 One that..admires the good wrinckle of a boote. 1677N. Cox Gentl. Recreat. i. 126 The Wild-Goat[s]..have Wreaths and Wrinkles on their Horns. 1683Moxon Mech. Exerc., Printing xxii. ⁋1 He leaves no wrinckles in the turnings up [of the paper lining]. 1737Bracken Farriery Impr. (1740) II. 71 Whether it [sc. the horny part of the hoof] be smooth and even, or..in Wreathes or Wrinkles. 1742H. Baker Microsc. (1743) 224 The little Wrinkles, Hollows, or Crevices of the Corn. 1838T. Thomson Chem. Org. Bodies 850 Wrinkles arising from the desiccation of the tube. 1839Civil Eng. & Arch. Jrnl. II. 154/1 When..docked she did not show a wrinkle in her copper.
fig. and in fig. context.1719–20Swift Stella's Birthday 54 The Cracks and Wrinkles of your Mind. 1822Hazlitt Table-T. Ser. ii. vi. (1869) 127 They cause a wrinkle in the clear and polished surface of their existence.
c. transf. of physiographical features.
1805Wordsw. Prelude viii. 583 Here is shadowed forth From the projections, wrinkles, cavities, A variegated landscape. 1849Cupples Green Hand xiv, Every point and wrinkle in the headland. 1900Le Gallienne Trav. xv. 234 Northleach, lying in ‘a wrinkle’ of the still dreary hills.
3. a. A small fold or crease of the skin, esp. due to age, care, displeasure, etc.
In frequent use from c 1590.
c1425Cursor M. 18840 (Trin.), His forhede feir wemles in siȝt wiþouten wrynkul [earlier MSS. runkel, -il, ronclis] hit was sliȝt. 1530Palsgr. 290/2 Wrinkell in ones face, raiere. 1586–90Greene Metam. Wks. (Grosart) IX. 30 Venus frowned on the smith with a rinkle on her forehead. 1617Moryson Itin. iii. 169 Fier..causeth wrinckles and spots on their bodies. 1673[R. Leigh] Transp. Reh. 52 There are many wrinckles and chaps we will not fill up with the paint of art. c1788W. Blake Tiriel 108 To count the wrinkles in thy face. 1837R. M. Bird Nick of the Woods III. 71 Though the wrinkles of forty winters furrowed deeply in his brows. 1877Black Green Past. ii, The calm and thoughtful forehead that had as yet no wrinkle of age or care.
b. transf., fig. and in fig. context. spec. a minor difficulty or irregularity; a snag; freq. in phr. to iron out the wrinkles.
a1586Sidney Arcadia i. 1, Their bloud had (as it were) filled the wrinckles of the seas visage. 1643Caryl Expos. Job I. 1519 A perfect soul-state, and a perfect state of body, hath no wrinkle in it. 1692Bentley Boyle Lect. 22 No wrinkles in the face, no gray hairs on the head of eternity! 1818Byron Ch. Har. iv. clxxxii, Roll on, thou..Ocean!.. Time writes no wrinkle on thine azure brow. 1855Whitby Gloss. 199 Wreeangs,..wrinkles of dust or dirt upon the skin. 1865Carlyle Fredk. Gt. xx. v, [They] have contributed a wrinkle of human Fun to the earnest face of Life. 1966D. F. Jones Colossus i. 15 As a project it's practically finished, we can't find any more wrinkles to iron out; we've checked and checked again. 1975Economist 22 Feb. 92 The way for the east Europeans to reach western markets without accumulating further huge trade deficits is to import skills which can be exported in hardware. This also enables them to iron out wrinkles in their own system without having to embark on risky economic reforms. 1979Guardian 30 Aug. 3/6 The BBC wanted to make certain advances in technical practices... Wrinkles still remained. 1984New Yorker 14 May 43 Willa had sold her story to Universal Pictures and was in California ironing out some wrinkles in the deal.
c. A ripple or ruffle on the surface of water; a wavelet. Chiefly poet.
1633P. Fletcher Purple Isl. v. xlvii, As when a stone..Prints in the angry stream a wrinkle round. 1665Sir T. Herbert Trav. (1677) 39 The Sea..was as smooth as Glass, not the least curl or wrinkle discernable. 1821Clare Vill. Minstrel II. 180 Nor faintest wrinkles o'er the waters creep. 1878Browning La Saisiaz 17 Where the blue lake's wrinkle marks the river's inrush pale.
4. fig. A moral stain or blemish.
Freq. coupled (as in next) with spot, after Eph. v. 27.
a1400Pauline Ep. (Powell) Eph. v. 27 Þe kyrke..not hafande a spot or a wrynkylle. 1408Wycliffite Bible Eph. v. 27 (MS. Fairfax 2), [That] þe chirche..hadde noo wem ne ryueling eþer wrynkele. 1530R. Whitford Werke for Householders A ij, Our owne conscyence..shall clerely confesse al our hole lyfe, and euery wryncle & parte therof. 1569Roest tr. J. van der Noot's Theat. 97 A glorious Church, without any spot or wrinckle. 1643Caryl Expos. Job I. 1519 Poverty is the wrinkle of riches, and disgrace is the wrinkle of honour. Ibid., In the state of glory..we shall not have..one spot or one wrinkle.
b. Without article; chiefly in without (spot or) wrinkle.
1526Tindale Eph. v. 27 A glorious congregacion with oute spot or wrynckle. [Hence in later versions.]1643Caryl Expos. Job I. 1519 Believers have now a righteousness in Christ without spot or wrinkle. 1651N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. ii. xxvii. 205 Henry..continued in that condition eighteen years without wrinkle of Fame. 1675T. Brooks Gold. Key 325 In this Robe of Righteousness..we are without spot or wrinkle.
5. Anat., Zool., Bot. = ruga.
1545T. Raynalde Byrth Mankynde 11 Though that the matrix..be full of ryuelles or wrinkles. 1577B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. iii. (1586) 117 The skinne of their [sc. quadrupeds'] jawes.., if it lie in wrinkles,..sheweth he is olde. 1639T. de la Grey Expert Farrier 352 A wrinckle..in the shoulder or in any other joynt. 1657Tomlinson Renou's Disp. 275 It is a..root, which by exsiccation hath contracted wrinkles and lineations. 1732Monro Anat. 12 When they [sc. laminæ] make the first Turn or Wrinkle, he stiles them Cancelli corrugati. 1774Goldsmith Nat. Hist. (1776) IV. 214 The muzzle [of the mandril] is..strongly marked with wrinkles. 1775[see ruga]. 1842A. Combe Physiol. Digestion (ed. 4) 176 The numerous folds or wrinkles which line the inner surface of the duodenum. 1849Cupples Green Hand xiii, Like the wrinkles on a nutmeg.
6. A section of a calcining furnace.
1884C. G. W. Lock Workshop Receipts Ser. iii. 448 The ore..is there thrust out of the furnace into the ‘wrinkle’.
II.
†7. A crooked or tortuous action; a crafty device; a trick or wile. Obs.
1402in Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 45 A! for-writhen serpent, thi wyles ben aspied, with a thousand wrynkels thou vexed many soules. 1547Latimer in Foxe A. & M. (1563) 1350/2 When you note me to be so muche abused by so ignorante a manne, so simple, so playne, and so farre without all wrincles. c1550Dice-Play B v b, Euery wrynkel they haue to couer and worke disceit with al. 1579Lyly Euphues (Arb.) 54 Euery wile and..euery wrinkle of womens disposition.
8. colloq.
a. A clever or adroit expedient or trick; a happy device; a ‘dodge’. Esp. (U.S.) in phr. a new wrinkle.
Freq. from c 1840 in phr. to put one up to a wrinkle (or two).
Perh. a development from the following, or some similar piece of repartee:
1731–8Swift Polite Conv. i. 74 They say, mocking is catching. Miss. I never heard that. Nev. Why, then,..you have a wrinkle more than ever you had before.
1817Lady Granville Lett. (1894) I. 111 He could put her up to a wrinkle or two. 1848Punch July 19 He..knows ‘a wrinkle’ of everything. 1875‘S. Beauchamp’ N. Hamilton II. 155 ‘You surely don't mean to say you are going to fish with blue-bottles?’ ‘Yes, I do... It's a wrinkle.’ 1882Cassell's Bk. Sports 40 Such wrinkles experience alone will teach. 1941W. C. Handy Father of Blues iv. 35 In addition to twirling their batons, they added the new wrinkle of tossing them back and forth to each other as they marched. 1969Wall St. Jrnl. 12 Aug. 3/3 The idea for the briefings, a new wrinkle in selling Presidential policy, came from White House communications director Herbert Klein. 1978New York 3 Apr. 37/3 In his budget proposals, the president came up with an investment tax credit with a new wrinkle: If passed by Congress, it will apply to structures as well as to capital equipment. 1984Gainesville (Florida) Sun 29 Mar. 4a (cartoon) This guy Chernenko should put a new wrinkle in Russian politics.
transf.1832P. Hawker Diary (1893) II. 44, I was..among the workmen, getting some ne plus ultra wrinkles done for the great gun, covers, etc.
b. A piece or item of useful information, knowledge, or advice; a helpful or valuable hint; a ‘tip’.
1818Sporting Mag. II. 232 On that most auspicious day, I acquired two additional wrinkles. 1862W. P. Lennox Recreat. Sportsm. I. 277 While upon the subject of yachting, we would venture to offer..a ‘wrinkle’ as to coppering them. 1894Hall Caine Manxman vi. xii. 402 [That] news..hasn't got into the papers yet, but I've had the official wrinkle.
9. Cant. An untruth, fib, lie.
1812J. H. Vaux Flash Dict., Wrinkle, an untruth.
III. 10. attrib. and Comb., as wrinkle-filling, † wrinkle-wizard; wrinkle-coated, wrinkle-faced, wrinkle-free, † wrinkle fronted, wrinkle-furrowed, wrinkle-proof, wrinkle-resistant, wrinkle-scaled adjs.; wrinkle maker; wrinkle ridge Astr., one of the long, irregular ridges that can be seen on the maria of the moon and Mars.
1784Twamley Dairying 55 Curdly or wrinkle-coated Cheese.
1591Sylvester Du Bartas i. iv. 380 Ingenious Saturn,..bald, hoary, wrinkle-faced. 1907J. London Before Adam xii, A little..fellow, wrinkle-faced.
1613Dekker Devils Last Will Wks. (Grosart) III. 351 The Founder and Vpholder of Paintings,..Wrinkle-fillings, and Botchings vp of old..Faces.
1963New Yorker 8 June 74 (Advt.), Stay neat and wrinkle-free all day. 1978Detroit Free Press 16 Apr. 9a (Advt.), Sheets in wrinkle-free and easy-care cotton/polyester percale.
1567Turberv. Epit., etc. 70 Was neuer Bull so fell with wrinckle fronted face.
1744Akenside Pleas. Imag. iii. 129 A female old and gray, With..wrinkle-furrow'd brow.
1836E. Howard R. Reefer lxvii, Thought is a sad wrinkle maker.
1957Economist 31 Aug. 685/2 The steady introduction of new fibres..new chemicals..to render cloth..wrinkle-proof. 1957M. B. Picken Fashion Dict. 382/2 Wrinkle-resistant. 1969Sears Catal. Spring/Summer 20 Perma Prest for great no-iron, wrinkle-resistant performance.
1944J. E. Spurr Geol. applied to Selenology I. viii. 60 The wrinkle-ridges are distinct from faults in appearance... The ridges on the surface of the mare are not straight; they are curving, branching, imbricating, plaited. 1971I. G. Gass et al. Understanding Earth vii. 106 (caption) The wrinkle ridges on the surface of Mare Tranquilitatis. 1978Sci. Amer. Mar. 81/1 The Viking orbiter photographs show that much of the surface of Mars retains crisp topographic detail: lava flows, wrinkle ridges and crater ejecta stand out in sharp relief.
1829Loudon Encycl. Plants (1836) 716 Podolepis rugata, wrinkle-scaled Podolepis.
1594Nashe Terrors of Night F j b, So Socrates..was censured by a wrinckle-wyzard.
Hence ˈwrinkleful a., full of wrinkles or creases; ˈwrinklet, a small wrinkle.
1608Sylvester Du Bartas ii. iv. Decay 121 With her best complexions, She mends her faces wrinklefull defections. 1848Bailey Festus (ed. 3) 224 The lake smoothed down Each shining wrinklet.
▪ II. wrinkle, n.2 Now s.w. dial. and local U.S.|ˈrɪŋk(ə)l|
Also 7 wrinckle.
[Alteration of winkle n., after prec.]
The periwinkle or whelk. Also transf.
1589Rider Bibl. Scholast. 1724 A walke, or wrinkle, turbo. 1602Carew Cornwall 30 b, Wrinckles,..and Muscles, are gathered by hand upon the rockes. 1616W. Browne Brit. Past. ii. i. 454 Oysters and small Wrinckles. 1750Heath Acc. Isl. Scilly 46 Of Shell-fish are denominated..Shrimps, Limpets, Wrinkles. 1795Wolcot (P. Pindar) Royal Tour Proem. 24 She swears I'm..Rather a wrinkle, limpet, paltry muscle. a1870J. Couch Polperro (1871) 153 A journey to the sea-coast..to pick ‘wrinkles’. 1880–2in Cornwall glossaries.
▪ III. wrinkle, v.|ˈrɪŋk(ə)l|
Forms: 5–6 wrynkle, 6 wrynkel, wrynckle, 6 wrinkel(l, -kill, wrinkyl, 6–7 wrincle, 6–8 wrinckle; 6– wrinkle (7 wringkle).
[app. a back-formation from wrinkled a. or wrinkling vbl. n.
Somner's OE. ‘wrinclian, rugare, crispare,..to wrinkle’ occurs in no known text, and was prob. inferred from ᵹewrinclod. Kilian's wrinckelen ‘rugare’ is also uncertified and rendered suspicious by his citation of the English word.]
1. intr. To suffer or undergo contraction or puckering into wrinkles or small folds; to become corrugated. Also with † together, up.
1528Paynell Salerne's Regim. C iij, This crampe..wherby the membre is made shorte and great, and wrynkelynge to gether as lether. 1530Palsgr. 785/2, I wrinkell, as a kercher or a garment dothe, Je plionne. 1594Plat Jewell-ho. ii. (1596) 47 If y⊇ kernel do wrinkle or run together. 1719London & Wise Compl. Gard. 90 [This] Apple..is apt to wrinkle and wither. 1788G. Parker & Stalker Japaning 30 Suffer [your print]..not to cockle, wrinkle, or rise up in little bladders. 1825T. Hook Sayings Ser. ii. I. 62 The neckcloth, after four vain attempts, wrinkled round his neck in folds. 1860Tyndall Glac. i. 147 The ice..seemed to wrinkle up in obedience to the pressure.
transf.1653Walton Angler v. 127 If he sees the water but wrinkle or move in one of these dead holes. 1864Buchanan Undertones, Proteus iii, A trackless Ocean wrinkling tempest-wing'd.
b. Of persons, the face, etc.: To become creased or puckered; to assume or undergo marking with wrinkles, creases, or lines; to crease.
1530Palsgr. 785/2 Your face begynneth to wrinkell. 1606Marston Parasit. ii. C 3, What are you fleering at? ther's some weakenes in your brother you wrinkle at thus. 1684Contempl. St. Man i. iv. (1699) 35 If he reach old Age..his Face wrinkles. 1706Lond. Gaz. No. 4252/4 When he Smiles both corners of his Mouth wrinkle. 1711Addison Spect. No. 89 ⁋5 The finest Skin wrinkles in a few Years. 1819Keats Fall of Hyperion i. 225 This old image here, Whose carved features wrinkled as he fell. 1890Nature 20 Feb. 378 Its body began to wrinkle and to plump up.
c. To contract into smiles, etc., by puckering.
1853J. B. Mozley Lett. (1885) 221 His face wrinkles into countless smiles. 1854R. S. Surtees Handley Cr. x, Doleful's face wrinkled into half its usual size with delight.
†2. To move sinuously; to wriggle. Obs.
1565Cooper Thesaurus, Piscis tortilis, a fish that writheth and wrinkleth. 1653[see wrinkling ppl. a. 3].
3. trans. To form or cause corrugations, wrinkles, or folds in or on (a surface, etc.); to corrugate. Occas. in fig. context. Also with over.
1611Cotgr., Fronser, to..wrinkle, crumple, frumple. 1670Milton Hist. Eng. Wks. 1851 V. 178 Neither do I care to wrincle the smoothness of History with rugged names of places unknown. 1766Compl. Farmer s.v. Madder, Too hasty a drying wrinkles and splits the bark. 1796Coleridge To Young Friend 38 A beauteous spring..scarce wrinkled by the gale! 1818Shelley Rosal. & Helen 542 The flood of cloud, Which sunrise from its eastern caves Drives, wrinkling into golden waves. 1820― Prometh. Unb. ii. i. 137 A wind swept forth wrinkling the Earth with frost. a1825Forby Voc. E. Anglia, Crinkle,..to wrinkle, twist, plait, or rumple irregularly. a1856T. Seddon in Mem. & Lett. (1858) 205 A wilderness of mountain tops, in some places..wrinkled over with ravines.
absol.1543Traheron Vigo's Chirurg. ii. 75 b, This pouldre..draweth together the loosed parte, it dryeth, riueleth, or wrynkeleth.
b. To contract or draw (the skin, countenance, etc.) into creases or wrinkles; to pucker, crease. Also refl.
1566Painter Pal. Pleas. (1569) I. F iv, That the swelling of their body, might not irrugate and wrinckle their faces. 16022nd Pt. Return Parnass. iii. iii. 1324 My master will..looke on the title and wrinckle his browe. a1661B. Holyday Persius (1673) 298 He..ne're wrinkled his nose. 1721Bailey, Frown, to..wrinkle the Forehead. 1798Southey Surg. Warning vi, He wrinkled his black eye-brow. 1858Carlyle Fredk. Gt. v. vii, As if the face of the Sphynx were to wrinkle itself in laughter. 1865Dickens Mut. Fr. iii. xv, Wrinkling his face into a very map of curves and corners.
fig. and in fig. context.1606Shakes. Tr. & Cr. ii. ii. 79 A Grecian Queen, whose youth & freshnesse Wrinkles Apolloes. 1647T. Calvert Heart Salve To Rdr. 3 The other carries with it a decor and beautie that no old age..can wrinkle or furrow with uncomelinesse. 1667Milton P.L. xi. 839 A keen North-winde..Wrinkl'd the face of Deluge, as decai'd. 1789Burney Hist. Mus. III. 463 What is the secular Music that thirty years have not wrinkled, withered, and rendered superannuated! 1848Bailey Festus (ed. 3) 242 One..Whose heart was wrinkled long before his brow?
absol.c1779Crabbe Midnight 438 The Brow of State, On which Distraction..helps the Scythe of Time to wrinkle there.
c. With up.
c1590Sir T. More iii. ii. 205 For know,..Mirth wrinckls vpp my face. 1700T. Brown Amusem. Ser. & Com. 3 Wrinkling up his nostrils. 1746Francis tr. Horace, Epist. i. v. 33 That no foul Linen wrinkle up the Nose. 1819Shelley Cenci i. iii. 38, I fear that wicked laughter round his eye, Which wrinkles up the skin even to the hair. 1865Swinburne Chastelard v. ii. 186 Sad at her mouth a little, with drawn cheeks And eyelids wrinkled up.
d. To screw up (the eyes). Also with up.
1840Dickens Old C. Shop vi. Quilp, wrinkling up his eyes and luring her towards him with his bent forefinger. 1901W. R. H. Trowbridge Lett. to Eliz. x. 43 Blanche wrinkled her eyes at him in the prettiest way.
4. To manifest (something) in or by facial wrinkles. Also refl.
a1586Sidney Arcadia ii. xix, Some ill-favoured cheerefulnesse..began to wrinckle it selfe in his face. 1852Thackeray Esmond ii. xiii, Only crows' feet were wrinkled round them [sc. eyes]—marks of black old Time.
5. intr. Cant. (See quot.)
1812J. H. Vaux Flash Dict., Wrinkle, to lie, or utter a falsehood.
Hence ˈwrinkler. Cant. (See quot.)
1812J. H. Vaux Flash Dict., Wrinkler, a person prone to lying; such a character is called also a gully. |