| 释义 |
▪ I. † ˈleper, n.1 Obs.
Forms: 3–6 lepre, 4–6 leper, 5 lepyr, -ur, leepre, 5–6 lepir, 6 lypper, lipper, lypre, lippre, leaper.
[a. OF. lepre, liepre (mod.F. lèpre), ad. L. lepra, a. Gr. λέπρα, properly fem. of λεπρός adj., scaly, f. λέπος scale.]
Leprosy.
c1250Gen. & Ex. 3690 Ðor wurð ȝhe ðanne wið lepre smiten. c1250Kent. Serm. in O.E. Misc. 31 Si lepre be⁓tokned þo grete sennen þet biedh diadliche. c1380Wyclif Wks. (1880) 67 Þe leper of naaman cleuyd to hym..euere aftir. c1400tr. Secreta Secret., Gov. Lordsh. 81 Wyn þat ys takyn abundanly.. norsshes gretnes of body, and..brynges yn lepre. 1482Monk of Evesham (Arb.) 92, ii. yonge vyrgyns..ful sore infecte with the grete plage of lepur. 1525Ld. Berners Froiss. II. xlii. 132 He was syke of the lypper, so yt his flesshe fell in peces. 1562Turner Baths 9 The disease now called Lepre, but Elephantiasis of olde writers. 1565J. Jewel Def. Apol. (1611) 152 He pronounced not, who was cleane of Leaper, who was not, before that hee had viewed the colour.
fig.c1440Gesta Rom. lxii. 267 (Harl. MS.) Receyve medicyn of satisfaccion; and thenne þou shalt be clansyd fro all synfull lepr. 1588A. King tr. Canisius' Catech. 90 Nocht to iudge of ye lepre of ye body bot of ye saull.
▪ II. leper, n.2 and a.|ˈlɛpə(r)|
Forms: 4 lepyre, 4–6 lepre, 5 leepre, lepere, lypre, 5–6 lipper, 6 lippir, lepar, liper, 6–8 leaper, 7 leeper, 4– leper.
[Related to prec.; perh. originating as adj. from the attributive use of leper n.1; the ending -er would naturally confirm the tendency to regard the word as a personal designation.]
A. n.
a. One affected with leprosy; a leprous person.
The term is often avoided in medical use because of its connotations.
1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) VI. 387 A leper þat was i-heled. c1440Gesta Rom. lxix. 317 (Harl. MS.) Þe brothir of hure husbond..was a foul lypre. 1514Barclay Cyt. & Uplondyshm. (Percy Soc.) p. li, Sometime a leper is 'signed to thy bed. 1545Brinklow Compl. xxiv. (1874) 65 Pore blind peple, which thynck themseluys to be healed, whan thei remayne lepers stylle. 1593Shakes. 2 Hen. VI, iii. ii. 75, I am no loathsome Leaper, looke on me. 1603Owen Pembrokeshire (1891) 21 Gave certaine landes to the Mawdlens of Tenbye towardes the relieffe of the Leepers. 1611Bible 2 Kings v. 27 A leper as white as snow. 1722De Foe Plague (1884) 313 Ten Leapers were healed. 1846Trench Mirac. x. (1862) 217 note, When through the Crusades leprosy had been introduced into Western Europe, it was usual to clothe the leper in a shroud, and to say for him the masses for the dead. 1871J. Miller Songs Italy (1878) 75 Lonely..as a leper cast out. 1948R. G. Cochrane in Leprosy Rev. XIX. 39, I feel that it is necessary for me to launch a protest at the constant use of the word ‘leper’ in medical literature. Ibid., The Conference of the Leonard Wood Memorial held in Manila in 1931 recommended that the word ‘leper’ should not be used, but I fear this recommendation is completely ignored even by those leprologists who attended the conference. 1964Observer 8 Nov. 33/5 To use the word ‘leper’ as a synonym for ‘untouchable’ is to perpetuate the ignorance and prejudice of former days. 1970Daily Tel. 11 May 12/7, I regret to see that your columns have again been defaced twice by the word ‘leper’... Its use has been banned by such..bodies as the World Health Organisation and the International Leprosy Association. 1970Ibid. 21 May 18 Those most entitled to say whether they suffer more from the disease or from the stigma attached to the word ‘leper’ are the patients themselves. The campaign against the word was started by patients in the famous American leprosarium in Carville. 1974Ibid. 30 Jan. 16 Like some friendly leper, Mr Mick McGahey, the Communist vice-president of the National Union of Mineworkers, moves among Labour politicians spreading terrified unease with every jovial slap on the back. 1974Times Lit. Suppl. 15 Mar. 263/4 In 1941 the reappearance of leprosy led to the prohibition of the movement of Aborigines below the 20th parallel—the ‘leper line’. 1975Daily Tel. 11 Apr. 3/1 He decided to dedicate his life to the Indian people, and for many years was in charge of 13 hospitals, two for lepers.
fig.1552Latimer Serm. 3rd Sund. Epiph. (1584) 310 Euen as he was a leper of his body, so are we lepers of our soules. 1825R. Nesbit in Mem. i. (1858) 23, I have..been afraid to join the society of the pious... I looked upon myself as a leper. 1847Tennyson Princess iv. 203 A moral leper, I, To whom none spake.
b. attrib. and Comb., as leper asylum, leper centre, leper lodge, leper spital; leper-house = lazar-house; leper-juice, the liquid matter of a leproma; † leper's herb, a name for St. Paul's Betony, Veronica serpyllifolia; leper('s) window, name given to a supposed hagioscope for lepers.
1898P. Manson Trop. Diseases xxvi. 384 The rulers and clergy..took measures by instituting *leper asylums..to restrict the spread of [leprosy].
1898J. Hutchinson in Arch. Surg. IX. 381 As the country was..a *leper centre, some individuals were contaminated.
1616Surfl. & Markh. Country Farme 204 The distilled water of Paules Betonie, doth perfectly cure the Leprosie..this is the cause why this hearbe is called the *Leapers hearbe.
1855Stanley Mem. Canterb. ii. (1857) 104 This hospital, or *leper-house,..was then fresh from the hands of its founder.
1898P. Manson Trop. Diseases xxvi. 407 Pricking the now pallid leproma, and then collecting on a cover-glass the droplet of ‘*leper juice’ which exudes from the puncture.
c1480Henryson Test. Cres. 438 This *lipper ludge [ed. Thynne leper loge] tak for thy burelie bour.
1891C. Creighton Hist. Epidemics 99 The *leper-spitals of Scotland.
1850N. & Q. 1st Ser. II. 111/1 ‘The *Leper's window’ through which, it is concluded, the lepers who knelt outside the building witnessed the elevation of the host at the altar. 1882Hardy in Proc. Berw. Nat. Club IX. No. 3. 470 There was a leper window at Elsdon church.
B. adj. Leprous.
1388Wyclif Lev. xiii. 46 In al tyme in which he is lepre [1382 leprows, Vulg. leprosus] and vnclene. 1427Sc. Acts Jas. I (1814) II. 16/1 Þat na lippir folk nothir man nor woman fra thyn furth enter na cum in to na burghe. 1429Wills & Inv. N.C. (Surtees 1835) 78 It' to ye lepremen of Newcastell xls. c1480Henryson Test. Cres. 372 He luikit on hir ugly lipper face. 1483Caxton G. de la Tour F vij b, God was wrothe with her and made her to become lepre. 1508Dunbar Flyting w. Kennedie 154 Ane laithly luge that wes the lippir mennis. 1562Winȝet Cert. Tracates Wks. 1888 I. 7 Playand..the part of lippir Giezi in this mater, sayand, Quhat wyll ye geve me? a1600Montgomerie Sonn. xxxiv, Cative Cresside, vhair she lipper lay.
absol.1533Gau Richt Vay 63 Ye crippil gangis, ye liper ar maid cleyne.
Hence ˈleperdom, the realm of lepers; † leperize v. trans., to smite with leprosy; † leperness, leprosy.
c1550Cheke Matt. viii. 3 And bi and bi his lepernes was clensed. 1592Sylvester Tri. Faith iv. vii, Moses by Faith doth Myriam leperize. 1889Cornh. Mag. Aug. 141 Curiosities of Leperdom.
▪ III. ˈleper, v.
[f. leper n.2]
trans. To affect with leprosy; fig. to infect, taint.
1850Clough Dipsychus i. iii. 57 Some vagrant miscreant meets, and with a look Transmutes me his, and for a whole sick day Lepers me.
▪ IV. leper
obs. form of lopper v., to curdle. |