| 释义 |
furniture|ˈfɜːnɪtjʊə(r)|
Forms: 6 forniture, (furnature, furnitury), 6–7 furnyture, 6– furniture.
[ad. F. fourniture (forneture, 13th c.), f. fournir to furnish. Cf. Sp., It. fornitura. (Many of the applications, including the important sense 7, have been developed in Eng.)]
†1. The action of furnishing:
a. The action of fitting out or equipping, of accomplishing (a design), or of providing with (supplies); occas. furniture forth. Obs.
1529Wolsey in Four C. Eng. Lett. 11 Appoyntyng such thyngs as shuld be convenient for my furniture. 1531Elyot Gov. i. xvi, Exercises, apt to the furniture of a gentilemannes personage. 1540Act 32 Hen. VIII, c. 14 The said owners shalbe more charged for the furniture of their shippes..with vitailes. 1550in Strype Eccl. Mem. (1721) II. xxxiv. 282 The King..granted 200 mark..toward the charge of the said Earls furniture. 1563Shute Archit. B iij b, You must deuide all your seuerall places of offices appartayning to the furniture of your house. 1577–87Holinshed Chron. III. 855/2 That he should be at so great charges for his furniture foorth at this time. 1581Lambarde Eiren. ii. iv. (1588) 172 For the more complete furniture of the Iustice of the Peace in this seruice. 1596Shakes. 1 Hen. IV, iii. iii. 226 There shalt thou know thy Charge, and there receiue Money and Order for their Furniture. 1611Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. ix. xii. (1632) 711 Toward the furniture of his hostile designs hee had extraordinary Subsidy granted. 1668–83Owen Exp. Heb. (1790) IV. 33 The furniture of the Lord Christ..to the discharge of his work of mediation, was the peculiar act of the Father. 1699Bentley Phal. 359 For a hundred years after the beginning of the Thurian Government, the Expense and Furniture of Tragedy was very moderate.
b. The action of decorating or embellishing; a means of doing this. Hence concr. a decoration, an embellishment; also collect. Obs.
1548Gest Pr. Masse 132 As they [the gospell and epystell] be inserted and placed in the pryvee masse to the furniture, worship, and commendation therof. 1549Coverdale, etc. Erasm. Par. Jas. 25 Nothing wanting..that perteyneth to the perfite absolute furniture of the godlynes of the Gospell. Ibid., 1 Cor. xi. 15 It is to a womanne a furniture to haue long heare. 1561Hoby tr. Castiglione's Covrtyer (1577) X 6 a, Laughters, gestures, and all the other pleasaunte furnitoures of beautye. 1601R. Johnson Kingd. & Commw. (1603) 138 They adorne themselves with plumes and feathers of eagles..These and such like furnitures do cause them to be discerned of their fellowes. 1613Shakes. Hen. VIII, ii. i. 99 See the Barge be ready; And fit it with such furniture as suites The Greatnesse of his Person. 1633G. Herbert Temple, Affliction ii, I looked on thy furniture so fine. a1677Barrow Serm. Wks. 1716 II. 21 That God..should erect this stately fabrick of heaven and earth decked with so rich and goodly furniture.
c. The action of supplying, affording, or yielding. Obs.
1646Evelyn Diary (1889) I. 227 Passing by the Euganean hills, celebrated for the furniture of rare simples, which we found growing about them. a1649Drummond of Hawthornden Jas. V, Wks. (1711) 93 They..stop all furniture of food and victuals. 1690E. Gee Jesuit's Mem. 141 The provision and furniture of Vestments.
2. a. The condition of being equipped whether in body or mind; equipment in dress or armour; preparedness for action; mental cultivation, culture. Obs. exc. arch. † furniture of (arts): the being equipped with or accomplished in. Cf. 5.
1560J. Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 260 b, They..through their [cities'] force, & furniture, haue gotten the landes & possessions of others. 1571Golding Calvin on Ps. ii. 4 David hath reherced..the furniture and powers..of his enemies. 1594Carew Huarte's Exam. Wits (1616) 129 The perfection of pleading required the notice and furniture of all the arts in the world. 1596Shakes. Tam. Shr. iv. iii. 183 Neither art thou the worse For this poore furniture, and meane array. 1603Knolles Hist. Turks (1621) 662 Souldiers..differing..in language, countenance, and manner of furniture. a1656Hales Gold. Rem. (1688) 17 Great defect of inward Furniture and Worth. 1657Evelyn Mem. (1857) III. 83 You will inform yourself of the..furniture of the French on the Mediterranean Seas. 1748J. Mason Elocut. 8 A Thing that hath been often attempted by Men of mean Furniture. 1846Urwick Life Howe in H.'s Wks. p. ii, The Gospel had to grapple with antagonists of no common nerve, furniture and skill.
†b. The condition of being occupied (by persons); complement of occupants. Obs.
1526Househ. Ord. (1790) 153 There shall be a boord..furnished with lords spirituall and temporal..being above the degree of a barron; and lacking such furniture to supply and fulfill the same boord with barrons.
3.
†a. That with which one is provided; a provision, stock, or supply of anything (whether material or immaterial); stores in general, provisions; necessaries. Obs.
1549Somerset Let. to Hoby in Strype Eccl. Mem. II. App. FF. 106 Their victuals and other provisions, wherof they had gotten large furniture. 1570Billingsley Euclid ii. i. 62 Great increase and furniture of knowledge. 1577–87Holinshed Scot. Chron. (1805) II. 210 He left..his own treasurie not emptie, but abundantly stored with gold, silver and other furniture. 1632Lithgow Trav. v. 235 Wee were particularly searched, to the effect wee carried in no Furniture of Armes, nor Powder with us. 1670Narborough Jrnl. in Acc. Sev. Late Voy. i. (1711) 95 Ships..which come from Lima with Furniture for the People. 1683Cave Ecclesiastici, Chrysostom 528 Having thus ransack'd the Sacred Treasuries, and carried away a noble Furniture of Divine Learning. 1725Watts Logic iii. iv. §2 Enlarge your general acquaintance with things daily, in order to attain a rich furniture of topics. 1787Best Angling (ed. 2) 4 Fishes considered as a food, make a considerable addition to the furniture of the table.
b. That with which something is or may be stocked; something to fill or occupy (a receptacle, etc.), contents. Now rare.
1612T. Taylor Comm. Titus i. 15 For first, whose are the heauens and earth, and the furniture of them? 1692Ray Dissol. World iii. xi. (1732) 415 The Earth remaining without any Furniture or Inhabitants. 1788Cowper Let. to Mrs. Hill 17 Mar., I am likely to be furnished soon with shelves..but furniture for these shelves I shall not presently procure, unless by recovering my stray authors. 1828–31Miss Berry Soc. Life Eng. & Fr. 107 The modern furniture of a circulating library. 1851D. Jerrold St. Giles xi. 109 The furniture of his pocket, and his outside chattels in no way harmonising together.
4. Means of equipment.
†a. Apparel, dress, outfit, personal belongings. Also pl. in the same sense. Obs.
1566Painter Pal. Pleas. I. 52 His wife sitteth vpon the ground, apparelled with those furnitures that he did weare. 1605Verstegan Dec. Intell. x. (1628) 322 The office of prouiding furniture for the armie. 1633Massinger Guardian ii. iv, How shall we know them?..if horsemen, by short boots, And riding furniture of several counties. 1672–3Marvell Reh. Transp. I. 111 The king would find himself incommoded with all that furniture upon his back. 1748Smollett Rod. Rand. (1760) I. viii. 44 My companion being charged with the furniture of us both, crammed into one knapsack.
†b. Armour, accoutrements, weapons, munitions of war. Also, a suit of armour. Obs.
1569in Strype Ann. Ref. I. lv. 603 They shall want furniture; your self shall have abundance. 1570–6Lambarde Peramb. Kent (1826) 301 Sallet, shield, sword, and..many other partes of defensive and invasive furniture. 1582N. Lichefield tr. Castanheda's Conq. E. Ind. lxxviii. 158 b, The Boates went verye heauie laden with theyr furniture. 1601R. Johnson Kingd. & Commw. (1603) 77 It is thought that there is inough to arme 70,000, of which may be som x or 12,000 furnitures for horsemen. 1603Knolles Hist. Turks (1621) 214 Caused..most part of his furniture to be convaied by the Caspian Sea. 1626Impeachm. Dk. Buckhm. (Camden) 63 Two warlike furnitures and their bandeliers. 1648Bury Wills (Camden) 209 My horse and horse armor, pistolls, and the other furniture belonging thereto. 1678Bunyan Pilgr. i. 62 They showed him all manner of furniture which their Lord had provided for Pilgrims.
fig.1576Fleming Panopl. Epist. To Rdr., Sufficient furniture to arme..them against ignoraunce. 1581J. Bell Haddon's Answ. Osor. 207 He armed hym with sufficient furniture agaynst sinne.
c. The harness, housings, trappings, etc. of a horse or other draught animal; rarely in pl. a single article of this kind. Similarly, the hood, bells, etc. of a hawk.
1553Eden Treat. Newe Ind. (Arb.) 15 Precious stones..wherewith y⊇ trappers, barbes and other furnitures of his horse are couered. 1577–87Holinshed Chron. III. 1171/1 He kept in his stable..twentie great horsse..and had in a readinesse furniture for them all to serue in the field. 1601Holland Pliny I. 127 They are able..to set out with furniture 300 Elephants. 1611Bible Gen. xxxi. 34 Rachel had taken the images, and put them in the camels furniture. 1674N. Cox Gentl. Recreat. ii. (1677) 180 A Hawk newly taken ought to have all new Furniture. 1716B. Church Hist. Philip's War (1865) I. 20 They provided him a Horse and Furniture. 1781Gibbon Decl. & F. II. xxxv. 299 The saddles and rich furniture of the cavalry were collected. 1806A. Duncan Nelson's Funeral 35 Six led horses, in elegant furniture. 1851D. Wilson Preh. Ann. (1863) II. iii. vi. 159 Bridle-bits and other portions of horse furniture. 1862Stanley Jew. Ch. (1877) I. iii. 53 The seats and furniture of the camels stowed within the covering of the tents.
d. Hangings and ornamental drapery; also, the coverlets and linen for a bed.
1576Fleming Panopl. Epist. 245 His bed, and the necessarie furniture thereunto belonging. 1683Tryon Way to Health 586 Most People take care that their Furnitures are daily brushed and rubbed. 1705Stanhope Paraphr. I. 34 The way before him not covered with Tapestry or rich Furniture. 1728Newton Chronol. Amended ii. 241 Menes taught them to adorn their beds and tables with rich furniture. 1791Mrs. Radcliffe Rom. Forest viii, She..perceived a broken bedstead, with some decayed remnants of furniture. 1855Browning Fra Lippo 64 Curtain and counterpane and coverlet, All the bed-furniture.
5. Apparatus, appliances, or instruments for work.
a. material: Implements, tools, utensils; rigging, stores, and tackle of a ship; military engines and defensive works. Now chiefly Naut.
1577B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. i. (1586) 11 Hesiodus would have a husbande have all his furniture redy. 1582N. Lichefield tr. Castanheda's Conq. E. Ind. xxix 73 b, The tackling with the other furniture of the Shippes..made such a terrible noyse. 1590Spenser Muiopot. 56 Yong Clarion..did cast abroad to fare; And theretoo gan his furnitures prepare. 1600Surflet Countrie Farme i. xxiii. 125 A cow is not of so great charge to maintaine and keepe..neither yet of her handling..neither yet in furniture. 1601R. Johnson Kingd. & Commw. 30 Ladders, bridges, shot, powder, and other furnitures. 1602Segar Hon. Mil. & Civ. 173 A Fained fortresse, with Trenches, Baracadoes, and other furniture of defence was erected. 1652Needham tr. Selden's Mare Cl. 77 It was provided that Antiochus should surrender his long ships and their warlike furniture. 1667Milton P.L. ix. 34 Tilting Furniture, emblazon'd Shields, Impreses quaint, Caparasons and Steeds. 1680H. More Apocal. Apoc. 125 Images or Idols, and such gross furniture of their worship. 1795in Nicolas Disp. Nelson (1846) VII. p. xxvii, The yawl astern swamped, and was lost with all her furniture. 1800Med. Jrnl. IV. 182 A very useful and commendable piece of furniture. 1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., Furniture, the rigging, sails, spars, anchors, cables, boats, tackle, provisions, and every article with which a ship is fitted out.
b. immaterial; esp. Of intellectual faculties, or aptitudes; now only with mental or some equivalent defining expression.
In the quots. the sense borders closely on 2.
1561T. Norton Calvin's Inst. ii. 146 He now refuseth and abhorreth the sacrificing of beastes, and al that furniture of the Leuiticall Presthode, wherwith in the olde time he was delited. 1609Dekker Guls Horne-bk. vii. 32 That qualitie..is the onely furniture to a Courtier thats but a new beginner, and is but in his A B C of Complement. 1677Gilpin Demonol. (1867) 52 All the malice, power, cruelty, and diligence of which we have spoken..are but his furniture and accomplishment which fit him for his subtle contrivances of delusion. 1788Reid Aristotle's Log. ii. §2. 26 Thus the whole furniture of the human mind is presented to us at one view. 1833I. Taylor Fanat. i. 21 His faculty and furniture of mind would have been employed in defending himself. 1887Lowell Democr., etc. 52 Impressed with the statesmanlike furniture of his mind. 1894Daily News 5 Mar. 5/8 Lord Russell..had a mental furniture fit for repose.
6. a. Accessories, appendages. (Formerly also pl. in the same sense.) Now only techn. in specific applications; used, e.g., for the finger-plates, handles, locks, etc. of a door; the plates and handles, etc. of a coffin; and the like; spec. the mountings of a rifle.
1568Wills & Inv. N.C. (Surtees 1835) I. 282 One syde sadle wth the furnitury. 1578Timme Caluine on Gen. 52 The woman..was nothing else but the addition and furniture of the man. 1615Nottingham Rec. (1889) IV. 339 16 musketts or bastard musketts, and furnytures to them. a1718Penn Tracts Wks. 1726 I. 870 A plain Coffin, without any Covering or Furniture upon it. 1729G. Shelvocke Artillery iii. 149 To force up the Rocket and all its Furniture. 1774Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) III. 125 The stag and fallow deer. Alike..in the superb furniture of their heads. 1808Beverley Lighting Act 20 The posts, irons, cover, or other furniture of any such lamp. 1810Sporting Mag. XXXV. 299 The two competitors for the enemy's furniture [fox's brush]. 1852Househ. Words 13 Mar. 582/1 Such close fittings as those of the furniture of guns to the stocks. 1859Gwilt Archit. Gloss., Furniture, the visible brass work of locks, knobs to doors, window-shutters, and the like. 1866Rogers Agric. & Prices I. xxi. 544 Sometimes the cart with the whole furniture..is bought. 1881Young Every Man his own Mechanic §1493 The new kind of door-handle or ‘furniture’ as it is technically called. 1886Pall Mall G. 10 Aug. 8/2 A massive oak coffin, with heavy brass furniture. 1892W. W. Greener Breech-Loader 14 The furniture of the stock consists of the heel-plate, trigger-guard, &c.
†b. pl. Adjuncts or condiments of a salad. Cf. F. fourniture. Obs.
1693Evelyn De la Quint. Compl. Gard. Dict., Furnitures, are all hot and spicy Herbs, mixed with..cold Herbs in Sallets to temper and relish them. 1719London & Wise Compl. Gard. 196 Melesse, is an odoriferous Herb, whose Leaf, when tender, makes a part of Sallad-Furnitures. 1727S. Switzer Pract. Gard. i. iii. 19 Tarragon, basil, burnet, mint, and other sallet furnitures.
c. Printing. (See quot. 1874.)
1683Moxon Mech. Exerc. II. viii. 28 By Furniture is meant the Head-sticks, Foot-sticks, Side-sticks, Gutter-sticks, Riglets, Scabbords and Quoyns. 1824J. Johnson Typogr. II. xv. 534 If letters, quadrats, or furniture, rise up and black the paper, they should be put down with the bodkin. 1874Knight Dict. Mech., Furniture (Printing), the wooden inclosing strips and quoins which surround the matter in the chase.
d. (See quot.)
1704Harris Lex. Techn., Furniture of a Dial, are such Lines as are drawn thereon for Ornament; as the Parallels of Declination, Length of the Day, Azimuths, &c.
7. a. (The prevailing sense.) Movable articles, whether useful or ornamental, in a dwelling-house, place of business, or public building. Formerly including also the fittings. († Occas. const. as pl.)
1573Tusser Husb. viii. (1878) 16 Be house or the furniture neuer so rude. 1582N. Lichefield tr. Castanheda's Conq. E. Ind. [x]xxii. 78 b, All the furniture for his Chamber and Kitchin. 1637Documents agst. Prynne (Camden) 99 My interest in the lease of Swanswick, and my hangings, pictures, and furniture there. 1705Addison Italy 86 Their Furniture is not commonly very Rich, if we except the Pictures. 1768–74Tucker Lt. Nat. (1852) I. 412 He might..take some sly opportunity to slit holes in our furniture. 1797A. M. Bennett Beggar Girl (1813) V. 197 The furniture were all in their places. 1816J. Scott Vis. Paris (ed. 5) p. lv, The groups of poor peasants flocking in, with cart-loads of furniture..present very distressing spectacles. 1866Geo. Eliot F. Holt (1868) 10 There was a great deal of..dinginess on the walls and furniture of this smaller room.
b. Applied in the book trade to well-bound volumes and ‘standard’ sets which serve to fill and adorn the shelves of a private library. (Cf. furniture-picture in 10.)
1928Periodical No. 143. 25 Its [sc. the O.E.D.'s] claims as ‘furniture’ are not despicable. 1928Times Lit. Suppl. 5 Apr. 260/3 The big ‘furniture’ books in folio and quarto which long formed the most conspicuous feature of private libraries. 1928Publishers' Circular 6 Oct. 461 Much of it just furniture, and yet there were many very nice items.
c. part of the furniture, something familiar enough to be regarded as a permanent feature (and therefore taken for granted). colloq.
1910E. M. Forster Howards End xxx. 250, I want to tell you the story... You must do exactly what you like—treat it as part of the furniture. 1936G. B. Shaw Simpleton ii. 78, I am part of the furniture of your house. I am a matter of course... Was I that in the childhood of our marriage? 1974M. Forster Seduction of Mrs Pendlebury xi. 117 The sight of Mrs P. complete with black fur hat and garish make-up might have proved irresistible. As it was, she was accepted as part of the furniture, at least until the grown-ups came at the end to collect their offspring.
8. Music. (See quots. and cf. F. fourniture.)
1690Specif. Organ Magd. Coll., Oxf. in Grove Dict. Mus. II. 594/2 Furniture of 3 ranks. 1776Sir J. Hawkins Hist. Mus. IV. i. x. 147 The compound stops are the Furniture, and sundry others. 1876Stainer & Barrett Dict. Mus. Terms, Furniture, the name of one of the mixture stops in an organ.
9. Bell-founding. (See quot.) ? Obs.
1756Dict. Arts & Sc. s.v. Bell, The waist or furniture viz. the part of the Bell, which grows always wider or thicker by a supply of metal, which is larger and larger quite to the brim.
10. attrib., as furniture-broker, furniture-polish, furniture-remover, furniture-shop, furniture-van; and in names of fabrics used for covering furniture, as furniture-plush, furniture-print, furniture-silk. Also furniture beetle, a small wood-boring beetle of the family Anobiidæ, esp. Anobium punctatum; furniture cream , a creamy substance or preparation used for polishing furniture; furniture-pad (see quot.); furniture-picture (see quot.); furniture-pin, a pin for fixing the furniture (see 6) of a gun; furniture-stop Music (see 8); † furniture-tree, ? an ornamental tree.
1915Proc. R. Phys. Soc. Edinb. XIX. 220 The *Furniture beetles are comprised in the two families Anobiidæ and Lyctidæ. 1938L. Hunter Domestic Pests xvi. 121 The common furniture beetles emerge from the pupal stage just beneath the surface of the wood. 1959E. F. Linssen Beetles Brit. Is. II. 62 The most annoying of all household Furniture Beetles is Anobium punctatum. 1971Times 28 Jan. 12/5 He can point to the exact spot where the furniture beetle may be found at work on a damaged specimen beech.
1842Dickens Amer. Notes (1850) 80/1 The small shops..occupied..by *furniture-brokers.
1873E. Spon Workshop Receipts 86/2 *Furniture Cream.—1. Yellow wax, 4 oz.; yellow soap, 2 oz.; water, 50 oz.; boil and add boiled oil and oil of turpentine, each 5 oz. 1904J. Vaizey More about Pixie viii. 90 Sukey mixed the lettuce with furniture cream instead of salad-dressing. 1962G. Butler Coffin in Oxford x. 138 A smell of furniture cream, lightly scented with lavender.
1874Knight Dict. Mech., *Furniture-pad, a piece of india-rubber or similar thing attached to a piece of furniture to prevent rubbing or striking against objects.
1889Barrère & Leland Dict. Slang., *Furniture pictures, pictures painted by the dozen for the trade. Of the same class as ‘pot-boilers’.
1881Greener Gun 262 After having removed the *furniture-pins, the trigger-plate and triggers may be taken from the stock.
1884Knight Dict. Mech. IV. 363 *Furniture Plush (Fabric), also known as Utrecht velvet.
1833J. Neal Down-Easters I. 15 Plastering the foot all over with his *furniture polish and wrapping it up. 1891Kipling Light that Failed iv. 59 If they want furniture-polish, let them have furniture-polish, so long as they pay for it. 1951Good Housek. Home Encycl. 222/2 Liquid Furniture Polish. 1/4 pint turpentine. 1/4 pint linseed oil. 1/8 pint methylated spirit. 1/8 pint vinegar.
1895Maskelyne in Daily Chron. 29 Oct. 3/5 She has more methods of lifting a table than any *furniture remover has ever dreamt of.
1866Mrs Carlyle Lett. III. 337, I saw in an old *furniture-shop window..a copy of the Frederick picture.
1664Evelyn Sylva (1776) 310 Those..gardeners who..expose their tender *Furniture-trees of the green-house too early.
1858C. M. Yonge Christmas Mummers i. 7 A large scarlet vehicle, painted in yellow letters, with the words, ‘Postlethwayte's *Furniture Van’. 1889H. F. Wood Englishman Rue Caïn iv, A dismal furniture-van. |