| 释义 |
xantho-|zænθəʊ|
before a vowel xanth-, repr. Gr. ξανθο-, combining form of ξανθός yellow; occurring as the first element in various compounds and derivatives, chiefly terms of chemistry, mineralogy, and pathology; the more important of these are given in their alphabetical places.
(Sometimes also erroneously zantho-: see X.)
1. Chem. In names of, or adjectives relating to, various compounds: (a) of a yellow colour, as xanˈthæmatin, ˈxanthaline, ˌxanthoˈcobalt, xantho-coˈbaltic, xanthoˈcreatine (xantho-creˈatinine), ˈxanthophane [Gr. ϕαν-, stem of ϕαίνειν to cause to appear], xanthoˈpicrin (xantho-ˈpicrite) [Gr. πικρός bitter], xanthoˈprotein, xanˈthopsin [Gr. ὄψις sight], xanthoˈpuccine [puccoon], xanthoˈpurpurin, xanthoˈrhamnin; xanthoˈphenic, xanthoproˈteic, xanthoˈtannic, xanˈthydric [Gr. ὕδωρ water] adjs.; (b) derived from or related to xanthic acid (xanthic 1 b), as ˈxanthamide, ˈxantharin, ˈxanthelene; xanˈtheic, ˌxanthomeˈthylic adjs.; (c) derived from or related to xanthydric acid, as ˈxanthane (-an): see quots.
1860Mayne Expos. Lex., *Xanthæmatin..Term by Brett and Bird for a yellow, bitter substance found by dissolving hematin in weak nitric acid.
1893Pharmaceut. Jrnl. 25 Mar. 793/2 *Xanthaline—A New Opium Alkaloid (C37H36N2O9).
1855Watts tr. Gmelin's Chem. IX. 276 *Xanthamide. C6NH7S2O2. Ibid. 277 Xanthamide exposed in a distillatory apparatus to a gradually increasing temperature is resolved into mercaptan and cyanuric acid.
1868― Dict. Chem. V. 1049 *Xanthan, Berzelius's name for the group Cy2S3, regarded as the radicle of persulphocyanic or xanthydric acid.
Ibid., *Xantharin, or Xanthil, an oily fetid compound, C4H10O3, supposed by Couerbe..to be produced by the dry distillation of xanthic ether.
1843Penny Cycl. XXVII. 614/2 When xanthate of potash is subjected to distillation a limpid yellow coloured fluid comes over, which Zeise has called *xantheic oil.
1868Watts Dict. Chem. V. 1049 *Xanthelene. Zeise gave this name to an oil..produced..by precipitating potassic ethylsulphocarbonate with a cupric salt.
1856Gibbs & Genth Res. Ammonia-cobalt Bases in Smithsonian Contrib. Knowl. (1857) IX. v. 48 The salts of *Xanthocobalt.
1863Watts Dict. Chem. I. 1054 *Xantho-cobaltic Salts.
1891Cent. Dict., *Xanthocreatine. 1913Dorland Med. Dict. (ed. 7), Xanthocreatin, xanthocreatinin.
1887A. M. Brown Anim. Alkaloids 85 *Xanthocreatinine C5H10N4O..closely resembles kreatinine... It shows in pellets of sulphur yellow, of slightly cadaveric odour.
1868Watts Dict. Chem. V. 1052 *Xanthoglobulin. This name was given by Scherer..to a substance which he obtained in yellow globules. 1880J. W. Legg Bile 515 Hypoxanthin and xanthoglobulin were also found.
1868Watts Dict. Chem. V. 501 Methyl-disulphocarbonic Acid (CH3)HCOS2. *Xanthomethylic Acid... Methylic Disulphocarbonate, C3H6OS2... Xanthomethylic Ether.
1890Billings Nat. Med. Dict., *Xanthophane, an orange-yellow pigment obtained from the retina.
1868Watts Dict. Chem. V. 1052 *Xanthophenic acid. A yellow colouring-matter,..produced..by heating phenol or cresol with arsenic acid... The *xanthophenates dye silk and wool red, of various shades.
1852W. Gregory Handbk. Org. Chem. 301 *Zanthopicrine is a bitter crystalline substance from the bark of Zanthoxylum Clava Herculis. 1868Watts Dict. Chem. V. 1053 Xanthopicrin, Xanthopicrite. These names were given..to a yellow colouring-matter from the bark of Xanthoxylon caribœum, since shown..to be identical with berberine.
1838T. Thomson Chem. Org. Bodies 710 *Xanthopicrite..was detected by Chevalier and Pelletan [1826], in the bark of the Xanthoxylon carybœum... It has..a very bitter and astringent taste.
1847–9Todd's Cycl. Anat. IV. 164/1 The alkaline *xanthoproteates. 1843T. Thomson Chem. Anim. Bodies 178 *Xantho-proteic Acid. This name [Xantho-proteinsäure] has been given by Mulder [1838] to a yellow coloured acid, obtained first by Fourcroy, by treating fibrin, or albumen with nitric acid. 1873C. H. Ralfe Phys. Chem. 130 Heated with strong nitric acid pepsin does not give the xantho-proteic reaction; hence it would appear that pepsin is not an albuminoid substance. 1904Brit. Med. Jrnl. 10 Sept. 601 The normal gland extract gave a positive result with the xanthoproteic test.
1883Ogilvie (Annandale), *Xanthoprotein, a yellow acid substance formed by the action of nitric acid upon fibrine.
1890Billings Nat. Med. Dict., *Xanthopsin, yellow pigment of the retina. 1901Dorland Med. Dict. (ed. 2), Xanthopsin, visual purple partially discolored or bleached by light; visual yellow.
1890Billings Nat. Med. Dict., *Xanthopuccine, name proposed by Lerchen (1878) for an alkaloid found in hydrastis.
1877Watts Fownes' Chem. II. 588 Purpuroxanthin (or *Xanthopurpurin)..is formed from purpurin by reduction with stannous chloride in alkaline solution.
1843Kane in Lond., Edinb., & Dubl. Philos. Mag. July 3 The dark-coloured [Persian] berries..give out to boiling water an olive-yellow material, to which..I give the name of *xanthorhamnine.
1862Watts tr. Gmelin's Hand-bk. Chem. XV. 533 *Xanthotannic Acid. Obtained from elm-leaves reddened in the autumn.
1868Watts Dict. Chem. V. 1054 *Xanthydric acid. Syn. with Persulphocyanic Acid [obtained as ‘a pale yellow crystalline powder’, ibid. IV. 378].
2. In various compounds. xanˈtharsenite Min., a mineral allied to chondrarsenite, occurring in sulphur-yellow masses. xanthoˈcarpous a. Bot. [Gr. καρπός fruit], having yellow fruit. xanthoˈchromia Med. [Gr. χρῶµα colour], (a) (see quot. 1894); = xanthochroia; (b) a yellowish discoloration of the cerebrospinal fluid as a result of haemorrhage in the spinal cord or brain; hence xanthochroˈmatic, -ˈchromic adjs. xanthocomic |-ˈkɒmɪk| a. (nonce-wd.) [Gr. κόµη hair], yellow-haired. ˈxanthocone (-con), xanˈthoconite Min. [G. xanthokon (Breithaupt, 1840), f. Gr. κόνις dust], an arseniosulphide of silver, of a dull red or brown colour, yellow when pulverized. xanthoˈcyanopsy, xanthocyˈanopy (-kyan-) Path. [Gr. κύανος blue + ὄψις, ὠπή sight], a form of colour-blindness in which yellow and blue are the only colours discerned. ˈxanthoderm (also ˈXantho-) [Gr. δέρµ-α skin], a person of a yellow-skinned (mongoloid) race. ‖ xanthoˈderma, -ˈdermia Path. [mod.L., f. Gr. δέρµα skin], yellowness of the skin. ˈxanthodont, xanthoˈdontous adjs. Zool. [Gr. ὀδούς, ὀδοντ- tooth], having yellow teeth, as certain rodents. xanˈthometer [-meter], an instrument for determining the colour of sea or lake water by comparison with a scale of different-coloured solutions. ‖ xanthoˈpathia, xanˈthopathy Path. [Gr. -πάθεια -pathy]= xanthoderma. ˈxanthophore Zool. [a. G. xanthophor (R. Keller 1895, in Arch. f. Physiol. LXI. 148): see -phore], a cell (as in an animal's skin) containing a yellow pigment. ‖ xanˈthopsia, ˈxanthopsy Path. [Gr. ὄψις appearance, sight], an affection of the eyes in which objects appear yellow; yellow vision. xanˈthopterin Chem. [a. G. xanthopterin (Wieland & Schopf 1925, in Ber. d. Deut. Chem. Ges. LVIII. 2179): see pterin], a yellow pterin present in the wings of some butterflies and moths and in the urine of mammals and forming leucopterin upon oxidation; 2-amino-4,6-dihydroxypterine, H2NC6HN4(OH)2. xanˈthorthite Min., a yellow variety of orthite. xanthoˈsiderite Min. [Gr. σίδηρος iron], a native hydrated oxide of iron, occurring in needle-shaped or fibrous crystals, or as an ochre, of a yellow, brown, or reddish colour. xanthoˈspermous a. Bot. [Gr. σπέρµα seed], having yellow seeds.
1892Dana Syst. Min. 796 *Xantharsenite... Occurs with hausmannite,..in crystalline limestone.
1862Mayne Med. Vocab. (ed. 2) 436/1 *Xanthocarpous.
1922Arch. Neurol. & Psychiatry VIII. 24 Elsberg and Rochfort in a study of ninety-two cases of chronic diseases of the spinal cord found *xanthochromatic cerebrospinal fluid in fourteen instances. 1969Edington & Gilles Path. in Tropics ii. 79 [In congenital toxoplasmosis] the protein in the cerebrospinal fluid is increased and may be xanthochromatic.
1894G. M. Gould Dict. Med. 1622/2 *Xanthochromia, a persistent condition of yellow skin, resembling but not identical with jaundice. 1905― Dict. of New Med. Terms 568/1 Xanthochromia, Tuffier and Miliau's [read Milian's] name (1902) for the yellow hemorrhagic discoloration of the cephalorachidian fluid, diagnostic of hemorrhage of the neuraxis. 1912Lancet 7 Sept. 685/2 On the value of a quantitative albumin estimation of the cerebro-spinal fluid (with special reference to the syndrome of massive coagulation and xanthochromia). 1977Ibid. 24–31 Dec. 1352/1 There were no cells in the C.S.F. and no xanthochromia.
1952F. A. Elliott et al. Clin. Neurol. ix. 184 *Xanthochromic fluid bleaches on exposure to daylight. 1979Jrnl. Neurosurg. LI. 352/1 The presence of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is diagnostically confirmed by the detection of bloody and/or xanthochromic cerebrospinal fluid.
1861Wynter Soc. Bees 497 Europe is the chief seat of the *xantho-comic or light⁓haired races.
1846Worcester, *Xanthocon (citing Dana). 1868Watts Dict. Chem. V. 1052 Xanthocone... A silver-ore from the Himmelfü rst mine, near Freiberg in Saxony.
1868Dana Min. (ed. 5) 108 *Xanthoconite... Color dull-red to clove-brown; crystals orange-yellow on the edges by transmitted light.
1891Cent. Dict., *Xanthocyanopsy.
1890Billings Nat. Med. Dict., *Xanthokyanopy.
1924,1935*Xanthoderm [see melanoderm n. and adj. s.v. melano-]. 1935[see leucoderm s.v. leuco-]. 1977Scripta Medica L. 35 By and large, Melanoderms and Xanthoderms have either black or brown hair and there is not enough variation to be of practical interest.
1867E. Wilson Diseases of Skin (ed. 6) 695 *Xanthoderma represents the yellow complexion of certain of the races of mankind.
1900Lancet 11 Aug. 414/1 The mucous membranes were not coloured and the urine..never showed a trace of bile pigment. This was in favour of the diagnosis of *xanthodermia.
1891Cent. Dict., *Xanthodont.
1862Mayne Med. Vocab. (ed. 2) 436 *Xanthodontous.
1902Westm. Gaz. 8 April 8/3 When the Queen visited the Antarctic exploration ship Discovery she was particularly interested in Forel's *xanthometer.
1867E. Wilson Diseases of Skin (ed. 6) 695 *Xanthopathia, or yellow discoloration of the skin, consists in the deposit in the cells of the rete mucosum of a yellow colouring principle.
1903Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts & Sci. XXXIX. 261 The two remaining types of pigment bodies in the chameleon, erythrophores and *xanthophores, were not identified in Anolis. 1948[see neurohumour]. 1965Lee & Knowles Animal Hormones x. 127 The hormone MSH [sc. melanocyte stimulating hormone] not only acts on the melanophores, but also on the xanthophores and erythrophores. 1974D. & M. Webster Compar. Vertebr. Morphol. viii. 173 Other chromatophores, called xanthophores, contain carotenoid and pteridine pigments and cause much of the yellow-to-red coloration.
1848Dunglison Med. Lex. (ed. 7), *Xanthopsia, yellow vision,—as sometimes occurs in jaundice. 1875H. C. Wood Therap. (1879) 603 A very curious symptom caused by zantonin..is xanthopsia.
1926Chem. Abstr. XX. 902 The residue was rubbed up 4 times with H2O and centrifuged and the crude dirty yellow pasty pigment (*xanthopterin (I)) extd. with 20{pmil} HCl and pptd. wth NaOAc. 1974Encycl. Brit. Macropædia IV. 922/2 Xanthopterin occurs in human urine.
1868Dana Min. (ed. 5) 287 *Xanthorthite, of Hermann,..is apparently an altered variety [of orthite].
1868Watts Dict. Chem. V. 1054 *Xanthosiderite. A hydrated ferric oxide.
1862Mayne Med. Vocab. (ed. 2) 436/2 *Xanthospermous.
Add:[2.] xanthogranuˈlomatous a., designating or pertaining to any yellow granulomatous tissue; spec. designating a rare form of pyelonephritis.
1955Amer. Jrnl. Clin. Path. XXV. 1049 Advanced pyelonephritis with *xanthogranulomatous change and lithiasis was noted in 3 kidneys among 222 consecutive kidneys surgically removed for various inflammatory conditions. 1979Jrnl. Compar. Path. LXXXIX. 576 In none of the tissues examined in this study was there any reaction resembling xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. |