| 释义 |
▪ I. yerk, yark, n. Now Sc. and dial.|jɜːk|, |jɑːk|
Forms: see the vb.
[f. yerk v.: see also york n.2]
1. a. A smart blow or stroke, as of a whip or rod, or of a heavy body falling; a lash; also, the sound of such a blow; the crack of a whip; a thud.
1509Hawes Past. Pleas. iv. (Percy Soc.) 18 And in her hande a strong knotted whippe; At every yarke she made hym for to skyppe. 1565Cooper Thesaurus, Crepitus plagarum..a yerke, or girke. 1583Golding Calvin on Deut. xxiv. 143/2 As soone as the wicked feele but one yirke of the rod with Gods hand. 1593Churchyard Challenge, Murton's Trag. xcix, No wisdomes lore, nor men of noble fame, Can scape thy scourge, it giues so sore a yarke. 1622Mabbe tr. Aleman's Guzman d'Alf. i. 35 They gaue mee the yarke with the spurre. 1682Flatman Heraclitus Ridens No. 56 (1713) II. 99 Our Province is to lash a rout of wanton and disloyal People; and if any will be outer⁓most, and so get a Yerk that makes 'em smart, let them hereafter learn to hide themselves in the Crowd. a1807J. Skinner Amusem. Leis. Hours (1809) 47 Wi' a yawfu' yark,..He derfly dang the bark Frae's shins that day. 1826T. Wilson Pitman's Pay etc. 80 The blacksmith's hammer, yark for yark, We hear ne langer bangin'. 1860Ramsay Remin. (ed. 7) Pref. p. xxiii, Clinching every decision with the ‘yerk’ of a spadeful of earth on the grave's brink. 1871J. Milne Sel. Poems & Songs 89 It flew oure the houses like a lark An doun on the fouk's taes fell wi' a yark.
fig.1682Flatman Heraclitus Ridens No. 82 (1713) II. 249 More out of dread of a Yerk from Heraclitus, than of all the Penalties in the Statue-Book. 1689Answ. Desertion Disc. in 11th Coll. Papers rel. Pres. Juncture of Affairs 5 To call the Breach of the Original Contract pretended, and a Popular Flourish, is a yerk of Malitious Reflection.
†b. fig. An impulse, eager desire. Obs. rare—1.
1577Hellowes Gueuara's Chron. 308 Ciucius did much delight to goe on hunting, & had a fine yeark to kill the Bore & other uenerie in the mountaines.
2. a. The act of lashing out with the heels, as a horse; a kick; a sudden or abrupt movement, a jerk, twitch.
1581A. Hall Iliad vi. 120 The horse, That..With many frisks and yerks behinde, his head doth cast aloft. 1618M. Baret Hippon. i. 9 There is no foale..but will both leap,..turne loftily, fetch such yarks behind, that it is very delightfull to behold. 1623Markham Cheap Husb. (ed. 3) i. ii. 26 With your rod giue him a good ierke vnder the belly..when you please to giue the ierke, he will then giue the yerke. 1679Shadwell True Widow iv. 56 Let's fight here; I would have my Mistress see how I put in my Pass, and what a yerk I give it. 1726Swift Gulliver iv. xii. 191 Twenty thousand of them..battering the Warriors Faces into Mummy, by terrible Yerks from their hinder Hoofs. 1822Hogg Perils of Man III. 357 He..attacked the couple with his heels, prostrate as they were, yerk for yerk, indiscriminately.
b. A jerking or twitching sensation. ? Obs.
1806J. Beresford Miseries Hum. Life ix. (ed. 3) 195 The yerk, or throe, in the throat, that follows your last bumper of port. 1831Examiner 290/1 The yerk of the third bottle of hot nastiness [sc. port].
▪ II. yerk, yark, v. Now Sc. and dial.|jɜːk|, |jɑːk|
Forms: 5–7 yarke, 5–9 yerk, 6–7 yerke, yeark(e, 6–9 yark, yirk, 9 (U.S.) yawk.
[ME. yerk (15th cent.), appearing first as a technical term of bootmaking. Of obscure origin, but prob. in part phonetically symbolic; cf. the largely synonymous jerk, firk.]
1. To draw stitches tight, to twitch, as a shoemaker in sewing (trans. with the leather, etc. as obj., or intr.); also, to bind tightly with cords.
c1430York Mem. Bk. (Surtees) I. 194 Pro sutura xij parium sotularium yerkyd ad manum, iiij d. 1600Dekker Shoomakers Hol. (1610) D 3. Eyre. Yarke and seame, yark and seame. Firke. For yarking & seaming let me alone & I come toot. 1630Tincker of Turvey 27 His Wife sitting by him when hee was yerking of his shooes. 1805Scott Last Minstr. (1894) Note xlviii, ‘Sutor Watt, ye cannot sew your boots; the heels risp, and the seams rive.’—‘If I cannot sew,’ retorted Tinlinn, discharging a shaft, which nailed the captain's thigh to his saddle,—‘If I cannot sew, I can yerk.’ 1813Hogg Queen's Wake i. iii. lxiv, And they yerkit his limbis with twine. 1818Scott Hrt. Midl. lii, His hands and feet are yerked as tight as cords can be drawn. 1822Hogg Perils of Man II. vii. 269 Eight horses,..every one with its head yerked to the tail of the one before him. 1825[see yerking below].
2. trans. To strike smartly, esp. with a rod or whip; to beat, flog, lash; to drive with a whip.
c1520Skelton Magnyf. 484 A carter..That with his whyp his mares was wonte to yarke. 1550Coverdale Spir. Perle vi. 54 Like as the carter or foore man yerketh his horsse with the whyp. 1595Spenser F.Q. vi. vii. 44 That same foole..Was Scorne, who hauing in his hand a whip, Her therewith yirks. 1604Shakes. Oth. i. ii. 5 Nine, or ten times I had thought t'haue yerk'd him here vnder the Ribbes. 1631J. Done Polydoron (1650) 211 When I observe a cruell Carter yerke and slash but a poore over-toyld Iade. 1703S. Centlivre Love's Contriv. iv. i. 45 I'll yerk the sullen Devil out of you. a1774Fergusson Leith Races Poems (1845) 34 Their skins are gaily yarkit And peel'd thir days. 1825Brockett N.C. Gloss. s.v., Aw'l yark yah, yah dirty bastard yah. 1833Blackw. Mag. XXXIV. 550 We should yerk the yokel of a Yankee with the knout.
b. To smack or crack (a whip); also intr. of the whip, to crack.
a1566R. Edwards Damon & Pithias (1571) F ij b, When ich was a lusty fellow, and could yarke a whip trimly. 1603Florio Montaigne i. xxii. (1632) 48 He would..make a whip to yarke and lash, as cunningly as any Carter in France. 1606G. W[oodcocke] Hist. Ivstine ii. 9 Euery man drew forth his whip, and began to yerke the same.
c. intr. To strike, deal blows.
1815G. Beattie John O'Arnha (1826) 30 He swat and yarkit wi' his hammer.
3. fig. To beat, lash, flagellate (as with sharp words or treatment); hence, to stir up, excite.
1593G. Harvey Pierce's Super. 10 Arrius will shake the Church: Macchiauell will yerke the Commonwealth. 1607Middleton Fam. Love iii. (1608) E 2, If it hit, and that I yearke my familist out of the Spirit. 1639J. Taylor (Water P.) Part Summers Trav. C 5, I with my Pen doe meane to yerke and ferke ye. 1786Burns To J. S― iv, My fancy yerket up sublime Wi' hasty summon. 1797T. Poole in Mrs. H. Sandford T. P. & Friends (1888) I. 221 The weight of government, which our ministry has cause[d] to touch and yark every individual where he never felt it before. 1819Keats Otho iii. ii, Aye, Satan! does that yerk ye? 1825Jamieson, To Yerk, Yark, figuratively applied to the rays of the sun, when they beat powerfully on any object. 1874Outram Annuity vi, In vain he yerked his souple head, To find an ambiguity.
b. intr. To gird or carp at.
1621Bp. R. Montagu Diatribæ 392 Almost in euery Paragraph, either he yerketh at his neighbours credit, or commendeth his owne chickens. 1826J. Wilson Noctes Ambr. Wks. 1855 I. 114 Onything's mair preferable than yerk yerkin at every thing said by a wiser man than yoursel.
4. trans. To pull, push, or throw with a sudden movement; to jerk.
1568J. Fen tr. Osorius' Confut. Haddon i. 7 b, When you are pricked and yearked foorth with the goades of your owne madnes. 1575Gascoigne Flowers Wks. 1907 I. 65 He that yerks old angells out apace. 1604T. M. Black Bk. D 3 b, But when I yerkt them [sc. dice] forth, away they ranne like Irish Lackeys. 1644H. Manwayring Sea-mans Dict. 83 When a great sea comes to yerk up the ship. 1780Hutton Tour to Caves (ed. 2) Gloss., Yark, to push or strike. 1825J. Neal Bro. Jonathan III. 236 A gray beaver..yerked a little on one side. 1836[Hooton] Bilberry Thurland I. xiv. 258 He..seized the parson by the chin and ears and yerked him upwards several times. 1840Haliburton Clockm. Ser. iii. xiii, I'd larn him how..to yawk the reins with both hands. 1861Stamford Merc. 27 Sept., He saw him knocking and yarking the horse about and swearing at it. 1882Jamieson's Sc. Dict. s.v., He yerkit to the yett wi' a bang. 1904Dundee Adv. 2 Dec. 7 If any person went and asked a civil question he might get a besom ‘yarked’ at his head.
b. To utter spasmodically, ‘jerk out’ (words); to start, strike up (a song, etc.).
1604Middleton Fr. Hubburd's T. C 3, He began to speake to the richest of our number, euer and anon, yerking out the word Fines. 1719Ramsay To Arbuckle 14 Yerking those words out which lye nearest. 1815G. Beattie John O'Arnha (1826) 57 A' the devils in a ring Yarkit up the Highland fling. 1892Lumsden Sheep-head & Trotters 287 Yerk us aff a sang belyve.
†c. To ‘get up’ or compose rapidly or hastily, to ‘dash off’. Obs.
1592Nashe Strange Newes E 4 b, In a night & a day would he haue yarkt vp a Pamphlet as well as in seauen yeare. 1621Bp. R. Montagu Diatribæ 88 You are able to shape your aduersary an answere, and yerke vp a booke in a night.
5. To move (some part of the body) with a jerk or twitch; esp. to lash out with (the legs), as a horse.
1599Shakes. Hen. V, iv. vii. 83 [Wounded steeds] with wilde rage Yerke out their armed heeles at their dead masters. 1607Markham Cavel. ii. (1617) 171 You shall obserue that when he yarketh, he yark out his hinder feete euen and close together. 1623― Cheap Husb. (ed. 3) i. ii. 17 When a horse yerketh out his nose. 1651Loves of Hero & Leander (1653) 16 Leander now turns on his back, He yerks out legs and lets arme slack. 1726Dict. Rusticum (ed. 3) s.v. Capriole, The Goat-leap, when a horse at the full height of his Leap, yerks or strikes out his hind legs. 1825Scott Betrothed xiii, Mahound yerked out his hoofs. 1828Craven Gloss. s.v., T'horse yarkd out baath his hinder fit.
b. intr. To lash or strike out with the heels, to kick.
1565[see yerking below]. 1573–80Tusser Husb. (1878) 150 The sooner that poore beast is strucke the sooner doth he yerke. 1579–80North Plutarch (1595) 719 The horse..would let no man get vp on his backe,..but would yerke out at them. 1581J. Bell Haddon's Answ. Osor. 158 b, He [sc. the horse] chaufeth & champeth vpon the bridle, commeth a loft, yorketh out with his heeles behinde. 1611Cotgr. s.v. s' Agrouper, He would yearke out behind. 1694Motteux Rabelais v. viii. 36 He fell a Trotting, and Winsing, and Yerking.
transf.1622Fletcher Sea-Voy. i. i, How she [sc. a ship] kicks and yerks.
6. intr. To spring or rise suddenly: esp. of animals.
1612Drayton Poly-olb. vi. 54 So doth the Salmon vaut; And if at first he faile, his second summersaut Hee instantlie assaies, and from his nimble ring Still yarking [etc.]. 1828Craven Gloss., Yark, to rise hastily. ‘He yarks up i' th' snert of a cat [= instantly]. 1892Mem. Dean Hole xvi. (1893) 193 It [sc. a snipe] yarked up, and screeted, and I nipped round, and blazed. 1893Stevenson Catriona xv, We saw the wee flag yirk up to the maist-heid.
b. fig. To engage eagerly in some proceeding, to ‘pitch into’.
1737Ramsay Sc. Prov. (1750) 103 Thoughts are free, tho' I mayna sae mickle I can yerk at the thinking. 1807J. Stagg Poems 52 Some teymes i' th winter neeghts, when dark We'd into th' Ladies Di'rys yark. 1892Lumsden Sheep-head & Trotters 181 We hae a lang tramp to yerk till in the morning. Ibid. 257 Now Dominie, yerk in.
Hence ˈyerking, ˈyarking vbl. n. and ppl. a. (in various senses: see above and quots.).
1565Cooper Thesaurus, Excussores equi, flingyng and yerkyng horses. 1587Fleming in Holinshed Chron. III. 819 The fox..not able to beare the yerking of his [sc. the lion's] taile, or a pelt of his paw. 1589― Virg. Georg. iii. 348 Seest thou not that neither bit and bridle..Nor cruell yerkings,..do stop or stay Horsses from mares. 1593G. Harvey Pierce's Super. 11 And what comparable to this spowte of yarking eloquence? 1598Marston Sco. Villanie Proem., Quake guzzell dogs,..Skud from the lashes of my yerking rime. 1605Play Stucley in Simpson Sch. Shaks. (1878) I. 254 We'll spur your Iennet..Until with yarking she do break her girths. 1624Gee Foot out of Snare App. 114 A song of the same smart-yerking tune. 1639T. de Grey Compl. Horsem. 2 The horse..never gave over flinging, yarking, plunging, and bownding. 1689T. Plunket Char. Gd. Comm. 47 Are all the yerking Muses fallen asleep? 1787W. Taylor Sc. Poems 177 Mornin clocks an' yarkin hammers Reviv'd us by their tunefu' yammers. 1825Jamieson, Yerkin, the seam by which the hinder part of the upper leather of a shoe is joined to the forepart, Berwicks., Dumfr. 1892Lumsden Sheep-head & Trotters 286 Hootsman..proposed that Rob Clarty..should..give us some of his reels..for the yerking off of which Rob..is..a famous hand.
▪ III. yerk
obs. form of irk. |