| 释义 |
▪ I. † yode, yede, v.1 Obs.
Past tense of go v. (= went, went away, proceeded, took his course). [12th cent. ME. (north-east midland) ȝeode, ȝede (iede), prob. altered form of OE., ME. eode (ede, ode), pa. tense of go v., by prothesis of ȝ-glide induced by the hiatus in such collocations as he eode, we eoden. Later, when the form ȝode, arising from the development of eo as a rising diphthong, became established, it would help to extend the currency of the form ȝede by analogical influence upon ede, the normal representative of éode with a falling diphthong. A parallel development is furnished by ME. York, Yerk:—OE. Eoforwíc (see York). Moreover, the OE. compound form ᵹeéode, pa. tense of ᵹegán igo v., examples of which are here given with the meaning of the simple éode, may have survived in localities where the prefix ȝe- = y- persisted in ME., and so have furthered the spread of ȝede and ȝode.
Beowulf 1967 Hi sið druᵹon, elne ᵹeeodon.Ibid. 2676 Ac se maᵹa ᵹeonga under his mæᵹes scyld elne ᵹeeode. c725Corpus Gloss. (Hessels) A 217 Adgrediuntur, ᵹeeodun [Epinal 76 ᵹihiodun]. c950Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. xx. 5 Exiit, ᵹe-eode. Ibid. John x. 23 Ambulabat, ᵹe-eade. ]
Illustration of Forms.
α. 2–4 ȝeode (4 ȝiode).
a1122O.E. Chron. (Laud MS.) an. 1070 Hi..ᵹeodon into þe mynstre. c1260K. Horn (Camb. MS.) 401 He ȝeode in wel riȝte To Rymenhild þe briȝte. c1275Lay. 25331–2 Ofte hii ȝeode [c 1205 eoden] to reade, ofte hii ȝeode to roune. c1305Judas 31 in E.E.P. (1862) 108 Þe quene ȝeode adai and pleide bi þe stronde. 13..Cursor M. 19920 (Edin.) Quen þai of Petir undirstode, His coming, sone gain him þai ȝiode. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) IV. 397 A lampe..in þat hevene..þat ȝede [MS. γ ȝeode] adoun westward as it were þe sonne. a1400Pistill of Susan 228 To the ȝate ȝaply þei ȝeoden [v.rr. ȝedyn, ȝede] wel ȝare. c1400R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 8409 (MS. α) Þoru wham þe heþene men ȝeoden al to schonde.
(β) 2. ᵹæde, iede, iæde, 2–5 ȝede, 3–4 ȝiede, 4 ȝide, ȝed, yhed, Sc. ȝheid, 4–5 ȝeide, ȝhede, ȝeede, 4–6 yeede, (also 9 Sc.) yede, 5 ȝeyde, ȝhed, Sc. ȝheide, 5–6 Sc. ȝeid, yeid, 5–6 (8 Sc.) yeed, 6 yheid, yead(e, 8 yee'd.
a1122O.E. Chron. (Laud MS.) an. 1070 Syððon ᵹeden heom to scipe, ferden heom to Eliᵹ. 1154Ibid. an. 1137 Sume ieden on ælmes þe waren sum wile rice men. Ibid., Me dide cnotted strenges abuton here hæued & uurythen to ðet it ᵹæde to þe hærnes. Ibid. 1140 Scæ fleh & iæde on fote to Walingford. c1200Vices & Virtues 69 Ðies ȝunge mann ȝiede awei sari. 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 1766 Ac basian & al is folc ȝede anon to gronde. a1300Cursor M. 1086 Quen caym had don þat dreri dide, Til his fader hamward he ȝeide. Ibid. 21093 He prechid þare wiþ fote he ȝide. c1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 14308 Þyse were þe lordes of renoun Þat on Moddredes side ȝed doun. 1340Hampole Pr. Consc. 4851 Þat day, þat Loth yhed out of Sodome. 1340–70Alisaunder 304 Hur ȝates ȝeede þei too & youlden hem soone. 1375Barbour Bruce i. 90 Bot othir wayis all ȝheid the gle. Ibid. 333 And till swylk thowlesnes he ȝeid, As the courss askis off ȝowtheid. 1423Acts Privy Council III. 97 He yeed in ambassiate to..ye Kyng of Polayn. c1470Gol. & Gaw. 228 The day yeid doun. 1487Cely Papers (Camden) 158, I had xxli more wheyr of ȝeyde xijli and mor for carryayge of wholl. 1508Dunbar Kynd Kittok 33 Becaus the wif ȝeid wrang. 1566Drant Horace, Sat. v. C vij, When you..yeade to Louaine there to heare the Latine Romishe worde. 1575Gammer Gurton iv. ii, My Gammer then she yeede, see now hir neele again to bring. 1583Leg. Bp. St. Androis 327 With this the word yead through the toun. a1600Montgomerie Devot. Poems iii. 29 That leddir..Quhairby the angels come and ȝeid From hevin to earth. 1768Ross Helenore i. 7 They Yeed hand in hand together. 1808Jamieson, Yede is still used in Ang[us] although almost obsolete.
β2. 3–4 ȝet.
c1275Lay. 2647 Þis wes þe ereste king þet ȝet vt to reuing. c1375Sc. Leg. Saints xxix. (Placidas) 297 Þane wes þe feynd wondir wa, Þat placydas lewit hym sa & ȝet on crist.
(γ) ? 1 ᵹode, 3–5 ȝod, 4–5 yhode, (also 6 Sc.) ȝode, (also 7–8 dial.) yod, (4 ȝood, ȝodd, yoede, 5 ȝ-, yoode, 6 yood, Sc. ȝoid, 7 youd), 4–6 (6–9 arch.) yode.
c1030Rule of S. Benet xxvii. (ed. Logeman) 58 Abiit, se ðe ᵹode [How this spelling is to be interpreted in this instance is doubtful]. c1250Gen. & Ex. 2030 Sone ȝhe mai hire louerd sen, Ȝhe ȝod him bitterlike a-ȝen. a1300Cursor M. 1806 He wist noght wyder-ward he ȝodd. Ibid. 6264 Þe see on aiþer side þam stod Als walles tua, quils þai for yod. 13..Ibid. 24360 (Gött.) Þe nailes þat him fest on rode Thoru in hend and fete þai ȝode. 13..Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 1146 A hundreth of hunteres..To trystors vewters ȝod. c1400Melayne 449 The fire ȝode owtt þat come þer nee. c1400[see go v. B. 21 b]. c1440York Myst. ix. 151 My frendis þat I fra yoode Are ouere flowen with floode. c1450St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 643 Him thoght oute of þe shipp he yhode. 1513Douglas æneis ii. xii. 21 Throw howsis and the citie quhar I ȝoid. 1524in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. i. I. 244 Saing if he yode awaye she must neds do for her self. a1533Ld. Berners Huon clxiii. 636 He issued out of the gate and yode towardes the tentes of his enemyes. 1590Spenser F.Q. i. x. 53 Such one, as that same mighty man of God, That bloud-red billowes..disparted with his rod, Till that his army dry⁓foot through them yod. 1596Ibid. iv. viii. 34 So forth they yode, and forward softly paced. 1600Fairfax Tasso xx. xcii, An armed stead fast by the Soldan yood. 1615R. Brathwait Strappado (1878) 130 A lang youd I. a1650Glasgerion 46 in Furniv. & Hales Percy Folio I. 250 He did not kisse that Lady gay when he came nor when he youd. 1748Thomson Cast. Indol. ii. xxxv, And much they moraliz'd as thus yfere they yode. 1808Scott Marm. iii. xxxi, In other pace than forth he yode, Returned Lord Marmion.
γ2. 4 ȝot, yot.
13..E.E. Allit. P. A. 10, I leste hyr in on erbere, Þurȝ gresse to grounde hit fro me yot. c1380Sir Ferumb. 3690 A rideþ to Richard wyþ a spere,..& on þe scheld hym smot; þorȝ-out ys scheld..& iakke & ioupoun, þorȝ-out al it ȝot.
(δ) 4 ȝud, 4–5 yude, (yhude, ȝhude, 5 ȝhuyde), 4–6 ȝude, 7 dial. yud, 7–8 dial. yewd.
1375Barbour Bruce xii. 560 Quhill throu the byrneis brist the blud, That till the erd doune stremand ȝud [MS. Edin. ȝhude]. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) V. 423 Þe kyng meked hym, and ȝeede [MS. γ ȝude] barfoot. c1425Wyntoun Cron. ii. v. 330 His breþir..Slew a kyde and in þe blude Wet þe gowne þat he in ȝhuyde. a1550Freiris of Berwik 563 in Dunbar's Poems 303 And throw the myre full smertly than he ȝude. 1674Ray N.C. Words 55 Yewd or Yod: Went, Yewing: Going.
(ε) 5 yad.
1424in Picton L'pool Munic. Rec. (1883) I. 23 The Sheriffs..yadden up to the West Derby fen. c1435Torr. Portugal 1192 His squiers habite he had, Whan he to the deyse yad.
▪ II. † yode, v.2 Obs. rare.
[Pseudo-archaic use of prec. as infin. or pres.; cf. yede v.]
intr. To go.
1587M. Grove Pelops & Hippod. (1878) 42 Then foorth one yodeth fast And sayes [etc.].
▪ III. yode
var. yaud, mare. |