| 释义 |
Zener|ˈziːnə(r)|
Also zener.
1. The name of K. E. Zener (1903–61), U.S. psychologist, used attrib. to designate a pack of 25 cards that he designed for use in parapsychology experiments, containing five each of five different cards, each showing a simple symbol.
1934J. B. Rhine Extra-Sensory Perception iv. 50 We have once since substituted a ‘heart’ for the ‘waves’ figure but later returned to the latter. I shall hereinafter call these cards the ‘Zener cards’. 1940Proc. Soc. Psychical Res. XLVI. 153 The guesser at Zener cards all unwittingly was guessing correctly..a card which was one or two places earlier or later in the sequence. 1949Mind LVIII. 390 Extra-sensory perception (ESP) is investigated by means of the card-guessing technique. Zener cards are generally used. 1969Listener 6 Mar. 301/2 Rhine devised a new kind of test for ESP. He made packs of 25 cards called Zenercards, with geometrical designs: cross, square, circle, waves and star. 1978D. Bloodworth Crosstalk xiv. 119 There are a dozen ways of beating the odds with the Zener packs they use for card-guessing tests.
2. Electronics. The name of C. M. Zener (b. 1905), U.S. physicist.
a. Used attrib. to denote various concepts, etc., connected with or arising from his researches, as Zener breakdown = Zener effect below; Zener diode, a junction diode in which the forward characteristic is like that of an ordinary diode but there is a sudden large increase in reverse current at a certain constant reverse voltage owing to the Zener effect or the avalanche effect, making it useful as a voltage regulator and in switching circuits; Zener effect, the increase in reverse current of a Zener diode when attributed to the tunnelling of current-carriers through the transition region rather than to the avalanche effect; Zener voltage, the voltage at which Zener breakdown occurs; the reverse breakdown voltage of a Zener diode.
1956L. P. Hunter Handbk. Semiconductor Electronics iii. 17 The two mechanisms which have been observed for semiconductor contacts in the absence of thermal breakdown are Zener breakdown..and avalanche breakdown. 1962[see Zener effect below]. 1981Nashelsky & Boylestad Devices: Discrete & Integrated ii. 29 As Vz [sc. the Zener voltage] decreases to very low levels, such as -5V, another mechanism, called Zener breakdown, will contribute to the sharp change in the characteristic.
1957R. F. Shea Transistor Circuit Engineering iii. 62 One of the simplest methods of obtaining such a [stable collector-voltage] supply is with the aid of a diode biased into breakdown in the reverse direction (so-called Zener diode). 1975Gramophone Aug. 384/3 Stabilisation of the feedback input stages is achieved with a zener diode. 1981J. C. Sprott Introd. Mod. Electronics vi. 136 In the forward direction a Zener diode behaves like any other diode.
1957W. C. Dunlap Introd. Semiconductors viii. 168 Internal field emission, often called Zener effect because of the early theoretical contributions made to the subject by C. Zener,..is analogous to field emission from metals. 1962Simpson & Richards Physical Princ. Junction Transistors iv. 69 Lower voltage units usually have negative temperature coefficients indicating the existence of Zener effect. In such devices the transition region is apparently too thin to allow appreciable carrier multiplication to take place and Zener breakdown occurs before the critical avalanche condition has been reached.
1952Proc. IRE XL. 1349/2 The Zener voltage for this junction was 21·5 volts. 1969J. J. Sparkes Transistor Switching i. 13 At Zener voltages of about 6V the slope resistance of the diode characteristic is minimal. 1980C. F. G. Delaney Electronics for Physicist ix. 215 The Zener voltage..is a function of the resistivity (that is, of the doping) of the materials from which the diode is constructed.
b. ellipt. A Zener diode.
1965Wireless World July 14 (Advt.), Ask for details of zeners from 400 mW to 50W, and 3·6V to 200V. 1976Pract. Electronics Oct. 791/1 To provide any given voltage, it is only necessary to select a Zener having a voltage exceeding the required voltage by 0·7 volts. |