| 释义 |
annual, a. and n.|ˈænjuːəl|
Also 4–7 annuel(l.
[a. OFr. annuel, ad. later L. annuāl-em (= cl. annāl-em); refashioned after the L. c 1500.]
A. adj.
1. a. Of or belonging to the year; reckoned, payable, or engaged by the year; yearly.
1382Wyclif Ecclus. xxxvii. 14 The annuel werker [1388 A werk man hirid bi the ȝear]. a1420Hoccleve Male Regle 51 Thy rentes annuel. 1602Shakes. Ham. ii. ii. 73 Giues him three thousand Crownes in Annuall Fee. 1769Burke Pres. St. Nat. Wks. II. 73 That trade..is not of less annual value..than 400,000l. 1852McCulloch Taxation iii. iii. 470 At an annual charge to the public of 30,174,364l.
b. Pertaining to a year's events: as annual stories, annual histories (obs.), i.e. yearly chronicles, annals; annual register.
1502Arnold Chron. (1811) 140 Titoleuoo that hath breuied all y⊇ annuell storys of Rome. 1650R. Stapylton Strada's Low-C. Wars i. 14 Inferiour princes, whose continued obsequies filled the Annual Register. 1789(title) The New Annual Register, or General Repository of History, Politics and Literature for the year 1788. 1861(title) The Annual Retrospect of Engineering and Architecture.
c. annual ring = ring n.1 7 c.
1879in R. Hunter et al. Encycl. Dict. 1902Encycl. Brit. XXV. 417/1 Annual rings. 1905Sci. Amer. Suppl. 25 Mar. 24433/1 A partial or entire separation of two consecutive annual rings. 1928Forestry II. 127 The term ‘annual ring’, originally used in describing the structure of European trees, was later expanded to include the zones of growth discernible..in the trunks of tropical trees.
2. a. Performed or recurring once every year; yearly. annual general meeting, the yearly meeting of shareholders or members, at which annual reports are read, officers elected, etc.; cf. general meeting s.v. general a. 2 a. Abbrev. A.G.M. s.v. A III.
1548Udall, etc. Erasm. Par. Hebr. xi. 28 (R.) Y annual vse or ceremonie to eate the Paschall Lambe. 1667Milton P.L. vii. 431 So stears the prudent crane Her annual Voiage. 1714Addison Spect. No. 579 ⁋7 Come up to the Temple with their annual Offerings. 1827Keble Chr. Year S. bef. Adv. ii, The Church our annual steps has brought. 1879Tablet 14 June 739/1 The annual general meeting of the Catholic Union of Great Britain. a1884Mod. The Annual Meeting of the association. 1908Nevill & Jerningham Piccadilly to Pall Mall vi. 221 Up to 1892 there had been no general annual meeting of the members of Brooks's Club. 1937Discovery Apr. 97/1 The annual general meeting of the [British] Association. 1985Washington Post 29 Nov. d9/4 The annual general meeting of the 90-nation organization began Monday.
b. annual equation of the sun and moon: the determination of the difference between the theoretical and actual position of those bodies, due to the irregular orbital motions of the earth and moon.
1727–51Chambers Cycl. s.v., The annual equation of the mean motion of the sun depends upon the eccentricity of the earth's orbit..The greatest annual equation of the moon's mean motion is 11′, 40{pp}, of its apogee 20′, and of its node 9′, 30{pp}. 1849M. Somerville Connex. Phys. Sc. v. 41 The Annual Equation [of the moon] depends on the sun's distance from the earth; it arises from the moon's motion being accelerated when that of the earth is retarded.
3. Repeated every year and occupying the whole year.
1635N. Carpenter Geog. Del. i. v. 112 The sunne, which is carried round about the earth in an Annual circuit. 1714Grove Spect. No. 588 ⁋1 No more than the diurnal Rotation of the Earth is opposed to its Annual. 1879Froude Cæsar xxv. 425 The annual course of the sun was completed in 365 days and six hours.
4. Existing or lasting for a year only; changed each year.
a. of an office or officer. annual priests; see B 1.
1382Pol. Poems (1859) I. 267 That frers shal annuel prestes bycome. 1460J. Capgrave Chron. 228 To paye this summe the annual prestis were compelled. 1659Milton Let. in Wks. 1738 I. 583 Whether the Civil Government be an annual Democracy or a perpetual Aristocracy. 1834Penny Cycl. II. 286/1 The annual archons..to the time of Solon, were taken from the eupatridæ. 1877Stubbs Const. Hist. II. xvi. 433 The commons pray that there may be annual parliaments.
b. of a plant.
a1626Bacon (J.) The dying in the winter of the roots of plants that are annual. 1706Phillips, Annual Leaves are such as come up in the Spring, and perish in the Winter. 1720Swift To Stella Wks. 1755 III. ii. 185 Grafting on an annual stock That must our expectation mock. 1857Henfrey Elem. Bot. §47 When a bulb flowers from its terminal bud, in its first season of growth, it is annual.
B. n.
1. R.C. Ch. A mass said either daily for a year after, or yearly on the anniversary of, a person's death; also, the payment made for it.
1382Pol. Poems (1859) I. 267 Suche annuels has made thes frers so wely and so gay. 1496Dives & Paup. (W. de W.) vii. xxii. 310 Ye may for xx shellynges do synge a quarter of an annuell. 1502Arnold Chron. 274 They cause masses to be songe or other annual or trental. 1646J. Row Hist. Kirk (1842) 34 The annuells, obits, and altarages within burghs. 1753Chambers Cycl. Supp., Annual is used in ecclesiastical writers to denote a yearly office, said for the soul of a person deceased on the day of his obit or anniversary.
2. An annual or yearly payment, tribute, allowance, etc. Obs. exc. in Sc. Law, where annual = quit-rent, ground-rent. Hence annual of annual = quit-rent of a quit-rent, or smallest possible return.
1622Bacon Henry VII, 111 Fiue and twentie thousand Crownes yearely..For which Annuall, etc. 1637Rutherford Lett. 119 (1862) I. 297 Had I but the annual of annual to give to my Lord Jesus, it would ease my pain. 1768Chesterfield Lett. 321 IV. 266, I will send your annual to Mr. Larpent..and pay the forty shillings a day quarterly. 1866Bell Conveyanc. (1882) II. 1155 The ground-annual is a right of very early origin.
3. a. Anything that lasts only for a year.
1738Swift Polite Convers. (R.) Oaths are the children of fashion; they are in some sense almost annuals.
b. esp. An annual plant; one that lives only for a year (perpetuating itself by seed, so that there is an annual succession of new plants). Also hardy annual (lit. and fig.): see hardy a. 4 b. Less frequently applied to an animal.
1685Evelyn Diary 6 Aug. (1955) IV. 462 The Apothecaries Garden of simples at Chelsey: where there..[are] many rare annuals. 1710Swift Apol. T. of Tub (Jod.) They are indeed like annuals, that grow about a young tree. 1726De Foe Hist. Devil ii. iv. (1840) 212 Like an annual in a garden, which must be raised anew every season. 1767Abercrombie Ev. Man his own Gardener 49 To prepare for sowing some of the more curious forms of annuals. 1834Paxton's Mag. Bot. I. 18 Treatment of Hardy Annuals. 1866Treas. Bot. 966/1 Mignonette..is usually treated as an annual. 1883Day Indian Fish 31 The various modes in which the reproduction of these fishes is carried on... Whether the parents are monogamous, polygamous, or are annuals dying after the reproductive process has been accomplished. 1905Westm. Gaz. 20 June 3/2 Presumably a time will come when even such a wonderfully hardy annual [as Sarah Bernhardt] will fail to reappear.
4. A book of which successive numbers are published once a year, usually at the same date; esp. one that conveys information for the year, or reviews the events of the past year; a year-book.
1689Answ. Two Papers 37 Renowned in all the Histories of Europe, as well as in our Annuals. 1825J. Wilson in Page De Quincey I. xii. 270 The volume..if an annual..can yield you fifty guineas. 1840(title) Peter Parley's Annual. 1859T. Lewin Invas. Brit. 37 The rule laid down for the guidance of mariners in the annual referred to [Admiralty Tidal Tables]. |