| 释义 |
Œdipus|ˈiːd-, ˈɛdɪpəs|
Also 6 Edipus.
[a. Gr. οἰδίπους, οἰδιποδ-, lit. ‘swollen-footed’, a proper name.]
Name of the Theban hero who, according to the ancient Greek legend, solved the riddle propounded by the Sphinx.
1. Allusively applied to one who is clever at guessing riddles.
1557N. Grimalde Cleobulus' Riddle in Tottel's Misc. (Arb.) 102 Incase you can so hard a knot vnknit: You shall I count an Edipus in wit. 1603B. Jonson Sejanus ii. iii. [iii. i.], I am not Oedipus inough, To vnderstand this Sphynx. 1628Earle Microcosm., Too idly reseru'd Man (Arb.) 35 Hee h'as beene long a riddle himselfe, but at last finds Oedipusses. 1777H. Walpole Lett. (1857) VI. 449 No mortal man could be found to expound those letters: not an Œdipus in the whole society.
2. Psychol. Used attrib. in Œdipus legend, Œdipus love object, Œdipus phantasy, Œdipus phase, Œdipus situation, Œdipus theory, with reference to the psychoanalytic interpretation given to Sophocles' play Œdipus Tyrannus (in which Oedipus unknowingly kills his father and marries his mother) by Freud, and seen by him to exemplify the desires felt for the parent of the opposite sex by a child at an early stage of sexual development.
1910Amer. Jrnl. Psychol. XXI. 97 The illustration of the attitude of son to parent is..transpicuous in the Œdipus legend. 1913E. Jones Papers on Psycho-Anal. xviii. 381 (heading) Note on the Œdipus Saving Phantasy. 1926J. I. Suttie tr. Ferenczi's Further Contrib. Theory & Technique Psycho-Anal. ix. 112 The patient..was here realizing sexual intercourse displaced ‘from below upwards’ (from the ‘Oedipus phantasy’). 1943H. Read Educ. through Art vi. 179 It is the Oedipus situation which gives rise to those idealistic tendencies in humanity which we know as religion, morality, custom, etc. 1957N. Frye Anat. Crit. iii. 181 A kind of comic Oedipus situation in which the hero replaces his father as a lover. 1963A. Heron Towards Quaker View of Sex 59 That acceptance which would permit the Oedipus phase to be ‘worked through’. 1964M. Argyle Psychol. & Social Probl. i. 19 The Oedipus theory has been found not to be universal. 1972H. L. Muslin in S. C. Post Moral Values & Superego Concept v. 109 Guilt as a result of the introjection of the Oedipus love objects.
b. Œdipus complex, the name given by Freud to the complex of emotions which he found were aroused in a child by its subconscious sexual desire for the parent of the opposite sex, which, if not resolved naturally, may lead to repression, guilt feelings, and an inability to form normal emotional or sexual relationships. Cf. Electra.
1910E. Jones in Amer. Jrnl. Psychol. XXI. 72 (heading) The Œdipus-complex as an explanation of Hamlet's mystery. 1920S. Freud in Internat. Jrnl. Psycho-Anal. I. 133 The girl had quietly passed through the normal stage of the feminine Oedipus complex, and had..begun to replace her father by a brother slightly older than herself. 1925G. B. Shaw Let. 22 Feb. in J. Barrymore Confessions of Actor (1926) 122 [In ‘Hamlet’] You..offer..a demonstration of that very modern discovery called the Œdipus complex, thereby adding a really incestuous motive on Hamlet's part. 1927[see Electra]. 1942Koestler Yogi & Commissar (1945) i. i. 9 He believes that all the pests of humanity, including constipation and the Oedipus complex, can and will be cured by Revolution. 1951M. McLuhan Mech. Bride (1967) 76/2 Did I give my baby an Oedipus complex? 1965T. S. Szasz Ethics of Psychoanal. i. iii. 50 According to classical analysis, he [sc. the psychoanalyst] teaches the patient about his early family situation, the Oedipus complex..transference, and resistance. 1969Listener 17 Apr. 543/3 ‘I have to tell you, madam,’ the psychiatrist said, ‘that your son is suffering from an Oedipus complex.’ ‘What does it matter,’ she replied, ‘so long as he loves his mum?’ 1971J. Z. Young Introd. Study Man i. 4 Psychoanalysis..has revealed some startling features of our lives, but ‘man is more than his Oedipus complex’. 1973Jrnl. Genetic Psychol. CXXII. 156 The basic dynamics of the feminine ‘Oedipus’ complex are already fairly well known.
c. Œdipus effect, a term derived from that part of the legend of Oedipus which evidences the self-fulfilling nature of a prophecy or prediction (see quot. 1957).
1957K. R. Popper Poverty of Historicism i. 13, I suggest the name ‘Oedipus effect’ for the influence of the prediction upon the predicted event..whether this influence tends to bring about the predicted event, or whether it tends to prevent it. 1961A. Flew Hume's Philos. of Belief vii. 152 Hume is here in his own way taking note of the particular sort of feedback which has recently been given the mnemonically useful label Oedipus effect. 1972I. C. Jarvie Concepts & Society iv. 124 By our belief in them [sc. class beliefs] and an acute Oedipus effect, they verify themselves. 1974Brit. Jrnl. Pol. Sci. IV. 255 It is precisely this research perspective which in a dialectical fashion lends strength to an objection based on the Oedipus effect. |