| 释义 |
▪ I. maid, n.1|meɪd|
Forms: 2 meide, 2–3 mede, 3 mæide, 3–6 meyde, mayde, 3–7 maide, 5–7 mayd, (6 mayed, 7 made), 6– maid.
[Shortened from maiden: not identical with OE. mæᵹeð= G. magd.]
1. a. A girl; a young (unmarried) woman. = maiden 1. Now only (exc. dial.) arch. or playful.
c1205Lay. 256 Þa þis child was feir muche Þa luuede he a maide. 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 297 Þis mayde ispoused was of so heye blode. c1320Sir Tristr. 2702 Þe maide answerd in lede, ‘Þer of haue þow no care’. c1407Lydg. Reas. & Sens. 151 Faire and fresh of hewe, As a mayde in hir beaute. 1546–7Test. Ebor. (Surtees Soc.) VI. 252 Desiringe her to be good ladie to my litle meyde, her god doughter. 1571Abp. Grindal Articles § 54 Legacies giuen..to other..godly vses as to..poore Maydes marriages. 1596Spenser F.Q. vi. xii. 20 She found..That this young Mayd..Is her owne daughter. 1629Milton Hymn Nativ. xxii, In vain the Tyrian Maids their wounded Thamuz mourn. 1782Cowper ‘Sweet stream’, Sweet stream..Apt emblem of a virtuous maid! 1800Coleridge Christabel ii. 238 Sweet maid,..Thy sire and I will crush the snake! 1830Tennyson Poems 142 There are no maids like English maids, So beautiful as they be. 1886Kipling Departm. Ditties, etc. (1888) 64 ‘By all I am misunderstood!’ if the Matron shall say, or the Maid.
b. poet. in personifications. (Freq. in the 18th c.)
1742Gray Adversity 27 Melancholy, silent maid, With leaden eye. 1747Collins Ode Passions 1 When Music, heavenly maid, was young.
2. a. A virgin; spec. of the Virgin Mary († maid Mary); = maiden 2. Obs. or arch.
a1175Cott. Hom. 227 To ane mede þe was Maria ȝehaten. c1175Lamb. Hom. 77 Þet halie meide [sc. Maria]. c1275Passion our Lord 597 in O.E. Misc. 54 Vre louerd ihesu crist þe wes ibore of þe meyde. c1290S. Eng. Leg. 79/57 I-bore of mayde marie. c1320Sir Beues 2197 Þat i ne tok neuer wif, Boute ȝhe were maide clene. c1386Chaucer Knt.'s T. 1470 Thou art mayde and kepere of vs alle..And whil I lyue a mayde I wol thee serue. c1410Hoccleve Moder of God 11 Humble lady mayde modir and wyf. c1483Caxton Dialogues 48/17 Who serueth our lord, And the mayde marye. 1500–20Dunbar Poems lxx. 4 Thow..Gabriell send with the salutatioun On-to the mayd of maist humilite. a1529Skelton Replyc. 47 Wks. 1843 I. 210 Wotte ye what ye sayed Of Mary, mother and mayed? 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iv. 479 Cydippe with Licorias, one a Maid, And one that once had call'd Lucina's Aid. 1834Sir H. Taylor 2nd Pt. Philip van Artevelde v. i. (song), Quoth tongue of neither maid nor wife To heart of neither wife nor maid.
b. Hist. As a title of Joan of Arc, the Maid (Maid of God, Maid of Orleans), a rendering of F. la Pucelle.
a1548Hall Chron., Hen. VI (1809) 157 This wytch or manly woman, (called the maide of God) the Frenchemen greatly glorified. 1691J. Heath Eng. Chron. 164 Joan, called by the French, the Maid of God. 1762Hume Hist. Eng. to Hen. VII, II. 335 marg., The maid of Orleans. 1849Lingard Hist. Eng. (1855) IV. i. 17/2 The maid of Orleans..led the assailants. 1875J. Gairdner Lancaster & York vii. (ed.2) 130 Rumours of the..miracles of the Maid were repeated even in the English camp.
†c. transf. A man that has always abstained from sexual intercourse. (Cf. Gr. παρθένος and patristic L. virgo.) Obs.
1340Ayenb. 230 Saint Ion þe ewangelist þet wes mayde wes amang þe apostles þe meste belouede of oure lhorde. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) I. 365 A preost þat is clene mayde. 1460J. Capgrave Chron. (1858) 5 Abel,..a mayde, a martire, killid of his brothir of pure envy. 1525Ld. Berners Froiss. II. cxv. [cxi.] 331 He was swete, courtesse, meke, and a mayde of body. 1601Shakes. Twel. N. v. i. 270 You are betroth'd both to a maid and man. 1606B. Jonson Hymenæi 94 View two noble Maids Of either sexe, to Union sacrificed. a1641Bp. R. Montagu Acts & Mon. (1642) 542 Joseph was..a maid, never knowing woman, as never being married before. 1710Brit. Apollo III. No. 60. 2/2 He Dy'd a Maid.
3. An unmarried woman, spinster. † to stand on the maid: (of a woman) to remain single. (Now rare exc. in old maid.)
1603Dekker Wonderfull Yeare E, To die maides! O horrible! 1615Chapman Odyss. vi. 52 Because thou shalt no more stand on the Maid [ἐπεὶ οὔτοι ἔτι δην παρθένος ἔσσεαι]. 1648Par Reg. St. John Maddermarket, Norwich (MS.), A maid almost a hundred yeare old, buried 14 Nov. Anno dni 1648. 1700Dryden Sigis. & Guisc. 16 For this, when ripe for marriage, he delayed Her nuptial bands, and kept her long a maid. 1747General Advertiser 4 July, The Match [at Cricket]..between the Maids of Charlton and the Maids of Singleton..will be play'd in the Artillery-Ground. 1814Scott Wav. v, Miss Lucy St. Aubin lived and died a maid for his sake.
4. a. A female servant or attendant; a maid-servant; often with defining word prefixed as bar-maid, chamber-maid, farm-maid, house-maid, nurse-maid, servant-maid, etc., q.v.; lady's maid (see lady 18).
1390Gower Conf. I. 128 Sche..goth to chambre and hath compleigned Unto a Maide which she triste. 1513More Rich. III (1883) 59 That it was not princely to mary hys owne subject,..onely as it were a rich man that would mary his mayde. 1567Gude & Godlie B. ix. (S.T.S.) 9 Thy nychtbouris wyfe..Thow couet not to the,..his oxe, his maide nor page. 1658Evelyn Diary 27 Jan., He [a child] would..select the most pathetic psalms,..to reade to his mayde during his sicknesse. 1698Wanley in Lett. Lit. Men (Camden) 258 The maid told me that Dr. Smith had been there since I went. 1794Mrs. Radcliffe Myst. Udolpho xxv, You must dismiss your maid, lady. 1835Gentl. Mag. Nov. 491 We kept no maid:—and I had much to do. 1860Queen Victoria Life Highl. (1868) 138 The two maids had driven over by another road in the waggonette. 1880Ouida Moths I. 39 My maid must run up something for you to wear by to-morrow.
b. maid-of-all-work, a female servant who does all kinds of house-work.
1809Malkin Gil Blas iv. vii. ⁋8 An old abigail, whom I had formerly known as maid-of-all-work to an actress. 1848Thackeray Trav. Lond. Wks. 1886 XXIV. 350 The red-haired maid-of-all-work coming out with yesterday's paper. 1887Spectator 16 Apr. 534/2 First she is a maid-of-all-work in the family of a poor clergyman.
transf.1858Huxley in Life (1900) I. xii. 158 Non-official maid-of-all-work in Natural Science to the Government.
5. In certain American universities used as a degree-title in correspondence to Bachelor. Now Hist.
1885Pall Mall G. 5 Mar. 3/2 The Americans..talk of Miss Bluestocking..as ‘Maid of Philosophy’, ‘Maid of Science’, ‘Maid of Arts’. 1888Bryce Amer. Commw. III. vi. cii. 445 note, Mr. D. C. Gilman..mentions the following among the degree titles awarded in some institutions to women..Laureate of Science, Proficient in Music, Maid of Philosophy.
6. Applied dial. to various inanimate objects (see also E.D.D.).
a. = maiden n. 5.
b. = maiden n. 6.
c. A clothes-horse; = maiden n. 7 b.
d. A washerwoman's dolly; = maiden 7 c.
a.a1700B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, Kissing the Maid, an Engine in Scotland, and at Halifax in England.
b.1786Har'st Rig cxlii. (1794) 43 Lang was the Har'st and little corn! And, sad mischance! the Maid was shorn After sunset.
c.1795Lond. Chron. 23 July 78 As if a horse, or maid for clothes, had been thrown with violence to the ground.
d.1882W. Worc. Gloss. 36.
7. A name given to the Skate and Thornback (Raia batis and R. clavata) when young. Also to the Twait Shad, Alosa finta (in Fr. similarly called pucelle). Cf. maiden n. 8.
1579J. Jones Preserv. Bodie & Soule i. xiv. 26 Of fishes,..Whiting, Smelt, Maids, Loch, Sammon. 1598Epulario F iiij, Take out the guts of maids or Thornebackes by the gils with a forke or string. 1655Moufet & Bennet Health's Improv. 157 Maides are as little and tender Skates. 1714Gay Trivia ii. 292 The golden-belly'd Carp, the broad-finn'd Maid. 1769Pennant Brit. Zool. III. 70 Their [the thornbacks'] young..which (as well as those of the skate) before they are old enough to breed, are called maids. 1851Mayhew Lond. Labour I. 65 Piles of huge maids, dropping slime from the counter, are eagerly examined and bartered for. 1862Couch Brit. Fishes IV. 122 Twait Shad. Maid.
8. Comb.:
a. appositive, as maid-attendant, maid-mother, maid-nurse, maid service, maid-slave, maid-widow, † maid-woman;
b. attributive, as maid-face;
c. originative, as maid-birth, maid-born adjs.;
d. parasynthetic, as maid-faced adj.;
e. similative, as maid-like, maid-pale adjs.; also maid-fish = sense 7; † maids' ale, the festival of the maidens' guild; † maid's hair, Galium verum; maid's sickness = green-sickness.
1896Daily News 30 Oct. 10/7 *Maid-Attendant to an elderly or invalid lady.
1855Bailey Mystic, etc. 91 The pearl conceived of dew and lightning, type Of that pure *maid-birth yet to bless the world.
a1649Drummond of Hawthornden Poems Wks. (1711) 24 Mild creatures, in whose warm crib now lies That..holy *maid-born Wight.
c1407Lydg. Reas. & Sens. 3629 Euerych hath a *mayde face Of syghte lusty to enbrace.
1610Healey St. Aug. Citie of God 686 Sphinx *maid-fac'd, fetherd-foule, foure-footed beast.
1810Splendid Follies I. 130 Distorting her countenance to the semblance of a *maid-fish.
1606Sylvester Du Bartas ii. iv. ii. Magnif. 1417 A Mars-like Courage in a *Maid-like blush. 1839Bailey Festus iii. (1852) 28 Seven fair maidlike moons attending him Perfect his sky.
1830Tennyson Pal. Art xxiv, The *maid-mother..Sat smiling, babe in arm.
1895Daily News 15 May 10/6 Mrs. H. wishes to recommend her maid..as *Maid-Nurse.
1593Shakes. Rich. II, iii. iii. 98 Ten thousand bloody crownes of Mothers Sonnes Shall..Change the complexion of her *Maid-pale Peace To Scarlet Indignation.
1547Croscombe Ch.-wardens' Accts. (Som. Rec. Soc.), [Received from] The *maydes ayll xxijs vjd.
1597Gerarde Herbal ii. ccccxlviii. 968 In English our Ladies Bedstraw, Cheese renning, *Maides Haire, and petie Mugwet. 1657Coles Adam in Eden cccxliii, It is called..in English Ladies Bedstraw, and sometimes Maids haire, from the finenesse of the Leaves.
1951N.Y. Times 28 Oct. viii. 19 (Advt.), Shamrock apartment hotel... *Maid service. 1968Globe & Mail (Toronto) 17 Feb. 49/1 (Advt.), Prince Carlton Hotel Ltd. Rooms. Maid service, telephones. 1969‘O. Bleeck’ Brass Go-Between (1970) vi. 69 In addition to daily maidservice, the Adelphi offered a restaurant and bar. 1971Country Life 23 Dec. 1814/4 [Villa]..Sleep 10, c.h.w., refrigerator, maid service. 1973H. Nielsen Severed Key v. 60, I wonder if this place provides maid service.
1633Ford 'Tis Pity iii. ii, May bee, 'tis but the *Maides sicknesse, an ouer-flux of youth.
1603North's Plutarch, Camillus (1612) 150 Faire *maide slaues dressed vp like gentlewomen.
1655Fuller Ch. Hist. ii. ii. §92 He stayed so long, that his Church presumed him dead, and herself a *Maid-Widow, which lawfully might receive another Husband.
c1320Sir Beues (MS. A) 2203 And boute þe finde me *maide wimman..Send me aȝen to me fon.
▪ II. † maid, n.2
Corrupt form of medine, Egyptian coin. Obs.
1674S. Jeake Arith. (1696) 134 At..Alexandria, They accompt by Ducats, either Ducat de Pargo, of 120 Maids,..or Italian Ducat of 35 Maids.
▪ III. maid, v.
[f. maid n.1]
1. intr. To do maids' work; to act as a maid.
1900Pinero Gay Ld. Quex i. 14 And when I got sick of maiding, I went to Dundas's opposite, and served three years at the hairdressing. 1936M. Mitchell Gone with Wind iv. 63 My Prissy been maidin' fo' Miss India fo' a year now. 1958V. P. Johns Servant's Probl. i. 11 During the two months I've been maiding for Mr. Atterbury, one or the other of them have been in every day.
2. dial. = maiden v. 2.
1882W. Worc. Gloss.
3. trans. To wait on (a person) as a maid.
1909R. Hichens Bella Donna xxi. 228, I must learn to maid you. 1929‘R. Oke’ Frolic Wind v. 83 It was, of course, certainly untrue that she had a fourth to maid her. 1934A. Christie Murder on Orient Express iii. iv. 219 Susanne..used to look after my clothes and maid me. 1949C. H. B. Kitchin Cornish Fox xi. 164 What would happen to the Colonel after the wedding?.. Upton wouldn't be at all pleased if Delia continued to ‘maid’ her father from Southview.
Hence ˈmaiding vbl. n.
1882W. Worc. Gloss. 36 Maiding-tub. 1900[see maid v. 1]. 1921Chambers's Jrnl. 1 Jan. 73/1 If you require ‘maiding’, you tell the lady of the bureau of your floor, and she supplies you with an attendant. 1955‘C. H. Rolph’ Women of Streets vi. 78 Maiding to a prostitute is a definite job.
▪ IV. maid
obs. pa. tense and pa. pple. of make v. |