| 释义 |
▪ I. market, n.|ˈmɑːkɪt|
Forms: α. 2 (dat.), 4–6 markete, 3 (dat.), marcatte, 4 markatte, 4–6 markette, 4–6 markat, 4–7 marcat, -kett, 6 marcatt, (4 marked, 5 markyth(e, marget, 5–6 markit, 6 -yt, -yd, -eth, marchet, 7 marquet), 2– market. β. (chiefly Sc.) 4–6 merkat, 5–8 mercat, 5–7 mercate, (4 merkete, 5 -et, 6 -ett, -it, -yte, 7 merkate).
[Late OE. market, a. ONF. market (Central OF. marchiet, marchié, mod.F. marché) = Pr. marcat-z, Sp., Pg. mercado, It. mercato:—L. mercātu-s, f. mercārī to trade: see mercantile. The Romanic word was early adopted into the Teut. langs.: cf. OHG. markât, merkât, merchât (MHG. market, merket, mod.G. markt), OFris. merked, Du. markt (see mart n.), ON. markaðr, marknaðr (Sw. marknad, Da. marked).
It is not certain that the word was introduced into England before the 12th c., though it occurs in documents ostensibly of the 11th and 10th centuries; even if these be in substance genuine, they are modernized in language.]
1. a. The meeting or congregating together of people for the purchase and sale of provisions or livestock, publicly exposed, at a fixed time and place; the occasion, or time during which such goods are exposed for sale; also, the company of people at such a meeting. † high market: the time when the market is busiest.
After to or from the article is very often omitted.
c1154O. E. Chron. an. 1125 (Laud MS.) He ne mihte cysten ænne peni at anne market. c1220Bestiary 491 Ðe man ðat oðer biswikeð..in mot er in market. c1380Wyclif Wks. (1880) 172 Prestis also ben ma[r]chauntis..& beten marketis [etc.]. 1413Pilgr. Sowle (Caxton 1483) iii. vii. 54 Vsurers wyllen nought be hyghely renomed of theyr craft ne cryen it in the markett. 1480Caxton Chron. Eng. ccvi. 187 He lete crye thurgh his patent in euery faire and in euery markete of Englond. 1563in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxford 306 Everye Satterdaye..there shalbe a commen markett for..cattell. 1564Reg. Privy Council Scot. I. 280 To by or sell any maner of tymmer, greit or small, bot in oppin and plane marcattis. a1649Winthrop New Eng. (1853) I. 148 By order of court a mercate was erected at Boston, to be kept upon Thursday. 1775S. J. Pratt Liberal Opin. xlviii. (1783) II. 67 There [at Smithfield] it is high market. 1839Penny Cycl. XIV. 424 When the whole bulk of the articles to be sold is brought into the market.., the market is called a pitched market; when only a small portion is brought..it is called a sample market. 1849Lytton Caxtons 39 My mother had coaxed Caxton to walk with her to market. 1899Blackw. Mag. Jan. 45/2 A rendezvous..where a market was opened for the Indians in the vicinity. 1905Delineator Mar. 498/3, I patronize a small market..kept by an old Frenchman and his son. They are experts on cutting and trimming meat.
fig.1340Ayenb. 23 Þet is þe dyeules peni huermide he bayþ alle þe uayre pane-worþes ine the markatte of þise wordle. 1600Shakes. A.Y.L. iii. v. 60 Thanke heauen, fasting, for a good mans loue;..Sell when you can, you are not for all markets.
b. Phrases, more or less metaphorical. † to be at market: to be for sale (lit. and fig.). to bring to market: to offer for sale (lit. and fig.). to bring one's eggs (or one's hogs) to a bad market: to suffer the failure of one's schemes. to feed (cattle) to market: to feed for sale. to go to market: (colloq.) to make an attempt at something; also fig. (Austral. and N.Z.), to behave in an angry manner, to become angry. to go (badly, etc.) to market: to make a (bad, etc.) bargain. to put into market: to make a matter of bargain and sale. † to run before one's horse to market: to count the gain before the bargain is made.
1594Shakes. Rich. III, i. i. 160 But yet I run before my horse to Market. 1613Beaum. & Fl. Cupid's Rev. i. i, We haue brought Our eggs and muskadine to a faire market. a1616― Bonduca v. ii, You have brought your hogs to a fine market. 1639G. Daniel Ecclus. x. 25 Such a Man would bring His Soule to Mercate. 1776Adam Smith W.N. i. vii. I. 68 When the quantity of any commodity which is brought to market falls short of the effectual demand. 1800Jefferson Let. to J. Madison 4 Mar., Writ. 1854 IV. 324 H. Marshal voting of course with them, as did, and frequently does***, of****, who is perfectly at market. 1801― Let. to Monroe 24 Nov. Ibid. IV. 420 A very great extent of country, north of the Ohio,..is now at market. 1809Malkin Gil Blas ii. ix. ⁋7 The schoolmaster..brought his eggs to a bad market. 1812Sporting Mag. XXXIX. 23 When..they found they had been badly to market, they declared themselves off. 1821Lamb Elia Ser. i. Imperf. Symp., They seldom wait to mature a proposition, but e'en bring it to market in the green ear. 1844Emerson Lect., Yng. Amer. Wks. (Bohn) II. 300 This is the good and this the evil of trade, that it would put everything into market. 1890‘R. Boldrewood’ Col. Reformer I. xi. 168 If you hadn't come forward..the first time he propped, he mightn't have gone to market at all. 1893Stevenson Catriona 156 These [sheep] being specially fed to market. a1925F. S. Anthony Follow Call (1936) 17 Peter came home drunk once every week, and made his poor wife milk the herd of twenty-four cows by herself; and then about 8 p.m. he'd arise from the sofa and go to market because the poor woman hadn't cooked a hot tea for him. 1945Baker Austral. Lang. 121 A man in a temper is said..to go to market.
c. market overt (in Law): open market; the exposal of vendible goods in an open place so that any one who passes by may see them.
1602W. Fulbecke 1st Pt. Parall. 7 If a felon sell a Horse without couin in a Market ouert, this doth alter the property. 1766Blackstone Comm. II. xxx. 449 Market overt in the country is only held on..special days..; but in London every day, except Sunday, is market day. 1880Sat. Rev. 28 Feb. 281 A certain article was submitted for analysis by its proprietors to a distinguished analyst, who thoughtfully provided himself with another sample of it bought in market overt.
d. Stock Exchange. (See quot. 1887.)
1880Guide to Stock Exch. 35 The distinctions between classes of business on the Stock Exchange are known as ‘markets’, and each jobber is supposed to operate in his own market. 1887Encycl. Brit. XXII. 557/1 What are known as the ‘markets’ in the stock exchange are simply groups of jobbers distributed here and there on the floor of the house.
2. Law. The privilege granted to the lord of a manor, a municipality or other body, to establish a meeting of persons to buy and sell.
a1150Charter of Eadweard in Kemble Cod. Dipl. IV. 209 Þæt..se abbod and ða ᵹebroðra into Ramesege habben ða socne on eallen þingen ofer heom and ðat market æt Dunham. 1464Rolls of Parlt. V. 521/1 Courtes, Warennes, Mercates, Rentes..to the seid Priory..belongyng. 1607Cowell Interpr., Market,..signifieth..also the liberty or priuiledge whereby a towne is enabled to keepe a market. 1818Cruise Digest (ed. 2) III. 276 So where a man has a market to hold on the Saturday, and he holds it on another day, the market shall be forfeited.
3. a. A public place, whether an open space or covered building, in which cattle, provisions, etc. are exposed for sale; a market-place, market-house. Also, now, = supermarket.
c1250Kent. Serm. in O.E. Misc. 33 So ha kam into þe Marcatte so he fond werkmen þet were idel. 13..K. Alis. 1515 A temple ther was, amydde the market. c1477Caxton Jason 79 They began a bataile upon the market. 1521Test. Ebor. (Surtees) VI. 4 A howse in the marketh. 1549Compl. Scot. xvii. 149 The comont pepil.. conuoyit them to the plane mercat befor the capitol. 1718Lady M. W. Montagu Let. to C'tess Bristol 10 Apr., The markets are most of them handsome squares. 1872All Year Round 13 Apr. 470/1 This charitable lady decided on building a market. 1888Ladies' Home Jrnl. June 2/2 Cherries..should be avoided when..sold in city markets. 1895Funk's Stand. Dict., Market,..a private store for the sale of provisions; as, a meat-market. 1911Woman's Home Compan. Apr. 4/2, I have used inadequately filtered water, uninspected milk and shopped in markets where inspection of sanitary conditions was never dreamed of. 1967‘D. Shannon’ Rain with Violence (1969) i. 19 She's pretty sure Mrs. Gerner usually shopped at the nearest market up on Marengo. 1972Jrnl. Social Psychol. LXXXVII. 78 Markets were chosen which served a relatively large number of black customers.
b. With prefixed word, indicating the chief commodity sold, as cattle market, corn market, fish market, meat-market, etc., for which see those words.
4. a. The action or business of buying and selling; an instance of this, a commercial transaction, a purchase or sale; a (good or bad) bargain, lit. and fig. Obs. exc. in certain phrases: see c.
1525Ld. Berners Froiss. II. xxxviii. 116 Lytell and lytell we shall wynne the castells that these pyllers holde, though they departe nowe with a good market. Ibid. xci. [lxxxvii.] 272 He hadde so good a markette as to escape alyue. a1548Hall Chron., Hen. VI 130 b, The remmaunt not likyng their market, departed. 1548Udall Erasm. Par. Luke xiv. 126 b, I must..goe to proue them, whether I haue made a good mercate in bying of them or not. c1550Cheke Matt. xxii. 4 Yei..went yeer wais, sum to his own ground, sum to his mercat. 1599Warn. Faire Wom. i. 525 She must defer her market till to-morrow. 1620Middleton Chaste Maid ii. ii, Second Pro. I prithee look what market she hath made. First Pro. Imprimis, sir, a good fat loin of mutton. 1625B. Jonson Staple of N. ii. iv, What Lickfinger? mine old host of Ram-Alley? You ha' some mercat here. 1660T. M. Hist. Independ. iv. 12 The Juncto..willing to make the best of a bad market, prepare for war. 1689–90Temple Ess. Pop. Discont. Wks. 1731 I. 257 Every Man speaks of the Fair as his own Market goes in it. 1693Dryden Persius v. 201 And with Post-haste thy running Markets make, Be sure to turn the Penny. 1699J. Kirkton Ch. Hist. (1817) 373 She hade two daughters,..and for these she thought she might make a better mercat in Scotland than in England.
†b. The marketing or selling of (a commodity). Also fig. Obs.
1604Shakes. Ham. iv. iv. 34 (Qo. 2) What is a man, If his chiefe good and market of his time Be but to sleepe and feede, a beast, no more. 1680Morden Geog. Rect., Tartary (1685) 80 Some of them now grown Wealthy, by the Market of their Slaves,..wear Sables.
c. Phrases. † to make market: to trade, buy and sell; fig. to have dealings or intercourse with. to make a or one's market of (a possession, an occasion): to make (it) an object or occasion of bargaining or profit, to barter away; also, rarely, to victimize, make illicit profit out of (a person). to make one's market: to do one's bargaining or dealing (lit. and fig.). to mar another's or one's market: to spoil his or one's own trade (lit. and fig.). to mend one's market: to improve one's bargain.
1340Ayenb. 36 And huanne hy hise yzeþ poure and nyeduol: þanne makeþ hy mid ham marcat to do hire niedes. a1400–50Alexander 421 He saȝe, as him thoȝt, Amon his awen god in armes with his qwene, And make with hire market as [he] a man were. 1529Frith Antithesis Wks. (1573) 103/2 He that saith it is better to give our charity to the poor..goeth aboute to marre the Popes market. 1577Reg. Privy Council Scot. II. 658 He..ressavit ane coip bill as ane marchand, gevand him licence to mak marcat in the cuntre. 1597Spenser Sheph. Cal. Sept. 37 They..maken a market [1579–91 mart] of their good name. 1601Dent Pathw. Heaven 94 So far off are you from mending your market any whit thereby. 1605in Burgh Rec. Glasgow (1876) I. 230 It is..ordainit..that it salbe leasum to owttintownis fleschouris ilk day in the oulk to mak markat of flesche in this towne. 1611Bible Transl. Pref. ⁋17 It is a grieuous thing to neglect a great faire, and to seeke to make markets afterwards. a1635Naunton Fragm. Reg. (Arb.) 58 There was in him..a humour of travelling: which had not some wise men about him laboured to remove..he would (out of his naturall propension) have marred his own market. 1681Dryden Abs. & Achit. i. 503 The next for interest sought to..make their Jewish markets of the throne. 1709S. Sewall Diary 17 Feb., Mr. Gerrish courted Mr. Coney's daughter: and if she should have Mr. Stoddard, she would mend her market. 1713Steele Guardian No. 6 ⁋3 With his ready Mony the Builder, Mason and Carpenter are enabled to make their Market of Gentlemen..who inconsiderately employ them. 1714Gay Sheph. Week Thur. 121, I made my market long before 'twas night, My purse grew heavy, and my basket light. 1793Burke Policy Allies Wks. VII. 171 Prussia..thinks of nothing but making a market of the present confusions. 1861Heywood Pref. to J. Seaton's Let. (Chetham Soc.) 3 Houses hereditarily accustomed to make a market of their swords.
5. a. Sale as controlled by supply and demand; hence, demand (for a commodity).
1689Evelyn Diary (1827) IV. 315 They expect a quicker mercate. 1781Cowper Charity 522 'Tis called a Satire... Strange! how the frequent interjected dash Quickens a market, and helps off the trash. 1848Mill Pol. Econ. I. iii. ii. §4. 529 The extra quantity can only find a market, by calling forth an additional demand equal to itself. Ibid. §5. 531 Had they persisted in selling all that they produced, they must have forced a market by reducing the price. 1861M. Pattison Ess. (1889) I. 47 Such commodities, however,..found little market as yet. 1896Edith Thompson in Monthly Packet Christm. No. 83 Stredza..has lived long enough to know that there is a market for treason.
b. to make a market (Stock Exchange): to induce active dealing in any particular stock or shares, by being both a buyer and a seller at about the same price; to bring an enterprise to the notice of the public by interesting dealers in it (by means of options or otherwise).
1899Westm. Gaz. 6 Mar. 8/1 Amongst the points in company law reform..the next [question] will relate to the old abuse of making a market.
6. Opportunity for buying or selling. to lose one's market: to miss one's chance of doing business. to overstand one's market: to stand out about terms till the opportunity is lost.
1684Dryden tr. Theocritus' Idyll. iii. 85 What Madman would o'erstand his Market twice? 1691Locke Money Wks. 1727 II. 6 He that wants a Vessel, rather than lose his Market, will not stick to have it at the Market-Rate. 1822Lamb Elia Ser. i. Mod. Gallantry, When the phrases ‘antiquated virginity’, and such a one has ‘overstood her market’..shall raise immediate offence.
7. a. the market: the particular trade or traffic in the commodity specified in the context. Chiefly in in or on the market. to be in the market: (of a person) to be a buyer; also (of a possession) to be offered for sale (so to come into the market). fig. to engross the market: see quot. 1872.
1678Sir R. Filmer Disc. Use for Money 38 The borrowers do trade by buying and selling in the Mercat at the same prices that the owners of money do. 1776Adam Smith W.N. i. xi. I. 265 There are commonly in the market only fourteen or fifteen ounces of silver for one ounce of gold. 1791Washington Lett. Writ. 1892 XII. 66 A great quantity of bonds, thrown suddenly into the market,..could not but have effects the most injurious to the credit of the U.S. 1841Lever C. O'Malley vi, Every imaginable species of property coming into the market. 1864Tennyson En. Ard. 535 Enoch..bought Quaint monsters for the market of those times. 1866Standard 7 May 2/3 A backwardation of ½ per cent. was freely paid for the delivery of shares, such was the scarcity of them in the market. 1872Yeats Growth Comm. 379 Edicts..against engrossing the market, i.e., buying up the stock of any commodity in order to sell it again at an enhanced price. 1883Black Yolande I. v. 89 If ever Monaglen comes into the market, she'll snap it up. 1890‘R. Boldrewood’ Col. Reformer II. xx. 169 You'd have had your money in your pocket now, and might have been in the market for some of these..store cattle. 1891Cycl. Tour. Club Monthly Gaz. Nov. 320 The only type of air tyre on the market. 1908M. Diver Great Amulet x. 115, I don't feel called upon..to advertise the fact that I am not..‘on the market’. 1929Amer. Speech V. 123 A widow who was ready for another husband was said to be..‘in the market’. 1936L. C. Douglas White Banners x. 212 She was in the market for diversion. 1955‘A. Gilbert’ Is she Dead Too? vii. 136 When I'm in the market for trouble of that kind I'll tip you the wink. 1955Times 30 Aug. 3/1 This..is an important match with third place in the County table still in the market.
b. With specifying word prefixed. For copper-, ore-, wage-market, etc., see those words. Also money-market. black market (see as main entry), buyer's market (see buyer 3), common market (see common a. 21), seller's market (see seller).
1832Fraser's Mag. IV. 720 Even the home market was thrown open to the goods of the stranger. 1840Dickens Old C. Shop xxxii, In this depressed state of the classical market, Mrs. Jarley made extraordinary efforts to stimulate the popular taste. 1886C. Scott Sheep-Farming 137 Sheep intended for the fat market.
c. In Horse Racing, the kind or amount of business done in bets, the state of betting.
1886Earl of Suffolk & Berks. et al. Racing & Steeple-Chasing v. 85 On arriving at the rails, which separate the private stands' enclosure from the ring, he finds the market well set. 1897E. H. Cooper Mr. Blake of Newmarket xxvi. 255 ‘I've missed the market!’ My friend..explained..that he had not got the best bet against the horse which he might have got. 1972J. Mitchell Betting ii. 34 Because of..the shortness of the period..for which the betting market on a race is active, racecourse bookmakers keep their betting as simple as possible.
8. The rate of purchase and sale; price in the market, market value.
1546J. Heywood Prov. (1867) 31 The market goth by the market men. 1586A. Day Eng. Secretary ii. (1625) 71, I hope you will haue regard to the selling of these commodities to my best aduantage, wherein I pray you doe your best endeuour as the Market serueth. 1647Ward Simp. Cobler (1843) 7 They deal wisely that will stay till the Market is fallen. 1780Burke Sp. Econ. Reform Wks. III. 272 These lands at present would sell at a low market. 1800Pitt in G. Rose's Diaries (1860) I. 280 The market..has..fallen 7s. per quarter. 1886T. Hardy Mayor Casterbr. xxiii, Just when I sold the markets went lower, and I bought up the corn of those who had been holding back. 1890‘R. Boldrewood’ Col. Reformer (1891) 246 The cattle having ‘topped the market’, and sold extremely well.
fig.1535Lyndesay Satyre 3186 The markit raisit bene sa hie, That Prelats dochtours..Ar maryit with sic superfluities [etc.]. 1614Raleigh Hist. World Pref. A 4 b, For those Kings, which haue sold the bloud of others at a low rate; haue but made the Market for their owne enemies, to buy of theirs at the same price. 1650Trapp Comm. Deut. ix. 4 We are all apt to..set a price upon ourselves above the market. 1751R. Paltock P. Wilkins (1884) II. xxiii. 279 For 'tis all one to her with whom she [sc. a mistress] engages, so she can raise but the market by a change.
9. A place or seat of trade; a country, district, town, etc. in which there is a demand for articles of trade; hence, the trade of such a country, etc.
1615E. S. Britain's Buss in Arb. Garner III. 651 Surely it were too great poverty for English minds..to fear to speed worse in any market or place than they. 1752Hume Ess. & Treat. (1777) I. 334 We lost the French market for our woollen manufactures. 1821Shelley Œdipus ii. i. 18 The failure of a foreign market for Sausages, bristles, and blood puddings,..is but partial. 1891S. C. Scrivener Our Fields & Cities 90 Professor Seely tells us that all the wars since 1700 have been wars for a market... A blustering Yankee captain, who was fighting for a market for goods manufactured in the Northern States.
10. attrib. and Comb.:
a. simple attrib., as market-boat, market-boy, market-cart, market-due, market-girl, market-hall, market-keeper, market-maid, market-net, market-people, market-sloop, market survey, market-talk, market-time, market-toll, market-wagon; (with reference to the money-market) as market-money, market-operator, market-quotation; also market-made adj.
1780New Jersey Archives (1914) 2nd Ser. IV. 401 Mrs. Roker, and one other woman, were going in a *market boat from Philadelphia. 1853‘P. Paxton’ Stray Yankee in Texas 278 [He] bought a market-boat, and tried trading upon the bayou. 1863Cornh. Mag. Feb. 180 The market-boats bring alongside his ship the grapes and figs with which [etc.].
1863A. D. Whitney Faith Gartney's Girlhood v. 44 The *market-boys, and the waiters, and the confectioners' parcels.
1833H. Martineau Briery Creek iii. 49 Her employer was driving his *market-cart.
1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) III. 303 *Market and harbour dues.
1832Tennyson Lady of Shalott ii. ii, The red cloaks of *market girls.
1732T. Lediard Sethos II. viii. 207 They saw before them the greatest *market-hall in Lixa.
18351st Munic. Corp. Comm. Rep. App. iii. 1686 [Preston] Other Officers of the Corporation are..Market Looker, *Market Keeper.
1947Auden Age of Anxiety (1948) ii. 44 You will soon Not bother but acknowledge yourself As *market-made, a commodity Whose value varies.
1578Whetstone 1st Pt. Promos & Cass. iv. vi, Other *market maydes pay downe for their meate, But that I haue bought, on my score is set. 1606Shakes. Ant. & Cl. iii. vi. 51 But you are come A Market-maid to Rome.
1891G. Clare Money Market Primer xii. 127 *Market-money, roughly speaking, is other people's money.
1922Joyce Ulysses 219 She passed out with her basket and a *market net.
1895A. J. Wilson Gloss. Stock Exch. 62 *Market operators are tempted by a drop in the price to sell for the fall.
1696Mass. Bay Acts & Laws 162 Hucksters and Traders of the Town, shall not..Buy of any of the *Market People there. 1830J. F. Cooper Water Witch I. xi. 259 The rogues will pass the pennant like innocent market people.
1891G. Clare Money-Market Primer ix. 105 Immediately it becomes known that gold has actually arrived, the *market-quotation gives way.
1873‘Vieux Moustache’ Boarding-School Days 36 He had been a hand on a New York *market-sloop. 1885Outing VII. 206/2 A big market-sloop came along bound west.
1967C. Berners-Lee in Wills & Yearsley Handbk. Managem. Technol. 4 Do the conclusions of this *market survey stand up? Ibid. 13 Useful programs for planning advertising campaigns have been written, based partly on market survey data. 1973J. Goodfield Courier to Peking vii. 92, I don't think any market surveys have been done.
1670Eachard Cont. Clergy 44 Such things as are ridiculous, that serve for chimney and *market-talk.
1503Act 19 Hen. VII, c. 6 It shall be lawful..to put them in the Pillory all the *Market-time.
1832Boston Herald 6 Mar. 4 Acts of parliament to establish the right of *market tolls.
1802Deb. Congress U.S. (1851) 18 Mar. 1027 In the state of New Jersey five hundred and forty two [of the carriages taxed] are..principally *market-wagons. 1895C. D. Warner Golden House i. 9 Here and there [was] a lumbering market-wagon from Jersey.
b. Special comb.: market basket, a large basket used to carry provisions, etc. purchased in the market; spec. see quot. 1884; † market-beater, one who idles or lounges about a market; market bell, a bell rung to announce the commencement of a market; market-clerk = clerk of the market (see clerk n. 6 c); market-coin, coin current in the market; in quot. fig.; market-crier ? U.S. (see quot.); market-custom, the dues levied on goods brought to market; † market dame, ‘a strumpet’ (Farmer); † market-dasher = market-beater; market economy, a system of economy which is subject to free competition; market fair dial., a fairing or present from the market; market-fish U.S., (a) fish, esp. cod-fish, of a marketable size (see quot.); (b) ‘a corruption of margate-fish’ (Cent. Dict. 1890); market-fresh a. dial. (see quot. 1841); † market-friendship, a friendship in business affairs; market-fuddled a. dial. = market-fresh; market-garden, a piece of land on which vegetables are grown for the market; hence market-gardener; market gardening, keeping a market garden; † market geld, † ȝeld (see quots.); market-horse (slang), ‘a horse simply kept in the betting-lists for the purpose of being betted against’ (Hotten's Slang Dict. 1874); market-house, a building in which a market is held; a small house erected in a market-place for the use of market-folk; market hunter, one who hunts game for the market; so market-hunting vbl. n.; † market lash, public flogging; in quot. fig.; market-lead, in Silver-refining, that portion of the metal which is sufficiently desilverized to be sold as lead; market looker (see quot. 1821); market-maker, † (a) a bargain-maker (obs.); (b) in the Stock Exchange (see 5 b); so market-making; market mammy colloq., an African woman stallholder; market master (Pennsylv.), an officer having supervision of markets (Cent. Dict.); † market-match, a match made for pecuniary gain; market-merry a. dial. = market-fresh; hence market-merriness; market money, money for buying things in a market (see also quot. 1891 in sense 10 a); † market-monger, one who engrosses the market; market-mongering, discreditable dealing in the share-market; market-ordinary, the ordinary provided for market people; market-peace Hist. [= G. marktfriede], the peace or truce which prevailed in a market on market-days; market-penny, a perquisite made by one who buys for another; † market-plenty, plentifulness of the market; market-pot, in Silver-refining, the last of a series of crystallizing pots, containing the market-lead; market potential (see quots.); market-price, the current price which a commodity fetches in the market; † market-quality, the quality of being a market town; market-rate, the current value of a commodity; market reporter, one who records the market rates of goods or stocks; market research, the systematic investigation of the demand for particular goods, a branch of marketing research; also attrib. and as vb. (to carry out market research); so market-researched ppl. adj., market researcher, a person engaged in this activity; market-rigger, one who ‘rigs the market’ (see rig v.); hence market rigging vbl. n.; † market runner = market beater; † market-set = market-place; market shooter, one who shoots game for the market; † market-sieve, ? one for sifting rice for the market; market socialism, an economic system in which a country's resources are publicly owned but production is geared to the private customer; hence market-socialist attrib.; market square, an open square in which a town market is held; also fig.; market stall, a standing-place or booth in a market; market stallage, the right of erecting or the rent paid for a market-stall; market stance Sc. = market-place; market-table, one frequented by marketers; market-trot, a steady trot like that of a person going to market; market value, current value in the market, saleable value; market-woman, (a) a woman who sells in the market; (b) with adj., one (more or less) skilled in marketing; market-work, the growing of produce for the market; also, the work connected with selling goods in a market. Also market cross, day, man, -place, -stead, town.
1807Salmagundi 27 June 247 Particular description of *market-baskets, butchers' blocks and wheel-barrows. 1853Dickens Bleak Ho. xxxiv. 333 Her market-basket..is a sort of wicker well with two flapping lids. 1884Cassell's Encycl. Dict., Market-basket, a basket used by dealers in the London fruit and vegetable markets. It contains 56 lbs. of potatoes.
c1380Wyclif Wks. (1880) 242 Ȝe, þouȝ he be a *market betere. c1386Chaucer Reeve's T. 16 He was a market-beter atte fulle. 1483Cath. Angl. 236/1 Merketbeter, circumforanus.
1591Shakes. 1 Hen. VI, iii. ii. 16 Watch. Enter, goe in, the *Market Bell is rung.
1616–61B. Holyday Persius 298 Being *market-clark..He break their earthen vessels less then measure.
1817Coleridge Biog. Lit. 212 Words used as the arbitrary marks of thought, our smooth *market-coin of intercourse.
1846Worcester (citing Lee), *Market-crier, a crier of the market.
1844H. Stephens Bk. Farm II. 89 The..dues incidental to the road and markets, such as tolls, forage, ferries, and *market-custom.
1705–7E. Ward Hud. Rediv. (1715) II. ii. ii. 25 Punks, Strolers, *Market Dames.
c1440Promp. Parv. 326/2 *Market daschare, circumforanus.
1951R. Firth Elem. Social Organiz. iii. 117 The other frame of organization consists of a *market economy where a man lives largely by selling his produce or his labour in competition with others. 1966Listener 24 Nov. 755/2 A market economy is an arrangement by which people, by their purchases, make clear what they want or do not want. Their market behaviour, in turn, is an instruction to producers as to what they should produce or not produce. 1968Ibid. 4 July 7/2 In the market economy of classical capitalism the interests of the working class ran clean counter to those interests which relied upon the smooth working of the economic system. 1972Accountant 5 Oct. 409/1 In a market economy, in which prices of goods and services are ultimately determined by the forces of supply and demand, any intervention by government in the form of fixing or holding prices and incomes cannot for long be effective.
1821Blackw. Mag. VIII. 433 The rogues escaped from task, Here take their stand, the ‘*market fair’ to ask.
1894Outing (U.S.) XXIII. 404/1 *Market fish are those [cod] measuring less [than 22 in.], but weighing 3 lbs. or more.
1841Hartshorne Salop. Ant. 498 *Market-Fresh, that dubious degree of sobriety with which farmers too commonly return home from market.
1651Hobbes Govt. & Soc. i. §2. 4 If they meet for Traffique,..a certain *Market-friendship is begotten.
1895‘M. E. Francis’ Frieze & Fustian 142 Jem..was not by any means ‘*market-fuddled’.
1840Penny Cycl. XVII. 96/1 [The land] would make excellent *market-gardens. 1865Dickens Mut. Fr. ii. i, Where the railways still bestride the market-gardens that will soon die under them.
1826Westm. Rev. V. 20 The fruit and vegetables of a *market gardener, on which his subsistence depends. 1832Chambers's Edin. Jrnl. 7 Apr. 76/2 An industrious but rather unsuccessful market-gardener..from Kirkcaldy. 1839Penny Cycl. XIII. 188/1 Market-gardeners, who raise vegetables..for the supply of the London markets. 1963Times 22 Feb. 10/3 Sir Thomas Playford, orchardist and market gardener, has all the assurance even in the uncertain world of politics of a man who knows that he will reap what he sows.
1875Encycl. Brit. I. 384/1 *Market Gardening... The growth of fruits and of culinary vegetables is in various parts of Great Britain an important department of farming. 1958Hayward & Harari tr. Pasternak's Dr. Zhivago i. vii. 218 It is not for the sake of market gardening that we are going all this enormous distance.
a1500in Blount Law Dict. (1670) s.v., Et valent per an. le Streteward & le *Marketzeld xviiis. 1684Manley Cowell's Interpr. (ed. 2), Marketȝeld, more truly Market⁓geld, It signifies Toll of the Market.
1561Stow Eng. Chron. (1565) 136 This yeare the *market house called the Stockes in London was begon to be buylded. 1840Penny Cycl. XVII. 102/1 A town-hall [at Witney]..with a piazza underneath for a market-house.
1874J. W. Long Amer. Wild-Fowl Shooting 185 Blue-winged teal..are much sought for by *market-hunters. 1940M. B. Trautman Birds Buckeye Lake, Ohio 170 According to former market hunters and old sportsmen, the Eastern Least Bittern was the most numerous transient and summering species between 1860 and 1900.
1897Outing XXX. 293/1, I had little dreamed that Michigan would ever so far forget herself as to encourage *market-hunting in preference to sportsman like methods.
1627–77Feltham Resolves i. lviii. 91 Every offence meets not with a *Market lash. Private punishments sometimes gripe a man within.
1877Raymond Statist. Mines & Mining 181 Rich lead on the one hand and *market-lead on the other.
1591Manch. Court Leet Rec. (1885) II. 57 To delyuer..them [the weights] to the *marketlokers. 1821De Quincey Richter Wks. 1863 XIII. 143 note, ‘Market-lookers’ is a provincial term..for the public officers who examine the quality of the provisions exposed for sale.
1647Ward Simp. Cobler 36 When Christ whips *Market-makers out of his Temple.
1340Ayenb. 42 The vifte [twig of Simony] is ine ham þet be *markat makinde leteþ hare benefices oþer chongeþ. 1902Westm. Gaz. 14 Jan. 5/1 He put down contracts of this kind as ‘advertising’ and ‘market making’.
1962A. Lejeune Duel in Shadows vii. 91 There were two Africans, a small man..and his wife, fat as a *Market Mammy. 1966Punch 21 Sept. 457/1, I stared at..this old market-mammy who had lost her ‘touch’ and was clinging so stubbornly to the last shreds of her trading reputation. 1972Daily Tel. 21 Jan. 4/3 About 7,000 white-clad market mammies—women stallholders—with drummers and horn blowers yesterday demonstrated through Accra in support of last week's military coup against the Busia regime.
1851C. Cist Sk. Cincinnati in 1851 87 A city treasurer, a marshal, a wharf and three *market masters are elected. 1913J. W. Sullivan Markets for People 104 The Pennsylvania markets usually get along with a single market-master.
1605Breton Old Man's Lesson B iij b, *Market-matches where Marriages are made without affections.
1898Watts-Dunton Aylwin (1900) 143/1 The moment that he had passed into ‘*market-merriness’.
1847Halliwell Provinc., *Market-merry, tipsy.
1633G. Herbert Church Porch in Temple 13 Think heav'n a better bargain, then to give Onely thy single *market-money for it. 1868Putnam's Mag. Jan. 40/2 Strawberries are down to ten cents a box..but you didn't leave a cent of market-money.
1629Gaule Holy Madn. 389 A *Market-monger, Corne-hoorder.
1901Westm. Gaz. 10 Jan. 9/1 The evils of such a system of *market mongering.
1769Burke Lett., to Marq. Rockingham (1844) I. 193 The freeholders dined..at a *market-ordinary.
1872Yeats Growth Comm. 379 The *market-peace afforded security to the multitudes who congregated together.
1735Poor Robin Observ. Oct., They can go to Market, buy Victuals, and spend the *Market penny in the Morning. 1815Paris Chit-Chat (1816) I. 53 Your cook..never considers her market penny an unfair advantage.
1643Trapp Comm. Gen. xxvi. 28 The Church of Rome borrows her mark from the *market-plenty, or cheapness.
1860Ure's Dict. Arts (ed. 5) II. 664 The ‘*market pot’.
1962S. Strand Marketing Dict. 436 *Market potentials, determining the marketability of a product. 1969J. M. Rathmell Managing the Marketing Function v. 200 Market potential is an expression of a market's absorption of a total industry's production in units or dollar sales... The major operational value of market potential is its usefulness in determining spatial rather than temporal objectives.
c1440Jacob's Well 212 Ȝif þou sell hym derere þan þe *markett prise, þou owyst to restore it. 1601Shakes. All's Well v. iii. 219. 1880 C. R. Markham Peruv. Bark 434 The quinine will be sold at market prices.
1745H. Walpole Let. G. Montagu 25 June, On the right and left..lie two towns; the one of *market quality, and the other with a wharf where ships come up.
1700Prior Robe's Geogr. 22 To Those, who at the *Market-Rate Can barter Honour for Estate. 1825McCulloch Pol. Econ. iii. vii. 336 The market rate of wages.
1854B. J. Taylor Jan. & June 83 And so, as *Market Reporters have it, ‘we have movements to note’.
1926Market Res. Agencies Guide to Publ. (U.S. Dept. Commerce) p. iii, With large sums of money being spent for *market research..the necessity of having an inventory of accomplishments becomes obvious. 1927Ibid. p. iv, Market research is the study of all problems relating to the transfer of goods from producer to consumer, involving relationships and adjustments between production and consumption, preparation of commodities for sale, their physical handling, wholesale and retail merchandising, and financial problems concerned. 1931R. Simmat Market Res. i. 7 Reputable agencies will not accept the advertising for a product which market research has revealed to be unsuitable. 1937Discovery Feb. 47/2 Another field for psychological investigation in many parts of the Special Areas is in market research, where methods of sale and customers' psychology need to be examined side by side. 1951M. McLuhan Mech. Bride (1967) 31/2 As market-research tyranny has developed, the object and ends of human consumption have been blurred. 1956Planning XXII. 19 Individual publishers and individual booksellers continue to do what they can for themselves in the way of market research and sales promotion. 1964M. Argyle Psychol. & Social Probl. xiii. 162 One of the earliest pieces of market research discovered that coffee had an unfavourable image of being connected with tiredness and strain. 1965Spectator 1 Jan. 3/1 The Sunday Times..claimed that {pstlg}100,000 was to be spent on market research. 1969P. Dickinson Pride of Heroes 58, I commissioned a little firm in Chicago to market-research the American idea of what English beer ought to taste like. 1970New Scientist 1 Jan. 4/2 A ‘hard sell’ is necessary and this must be preceded by market research. 1973Times 1 Feb. 8/2 (Advt.), Some market research experience would be an advantage.
1964Economist 17 Oct. 276/3 The 1800 is as much a challenge to orthodox *market-researched motoring as the Mini was five years ago.
1951M. McLuhan Mech. Bride (1967) p. vi/2 Today the tyrant rules not by club or fist, but, disguised as a *market researcher, he shepherds his flocks in the ways of utility and comfort. 1969J. Argenti Managem. Techniques 157 Market Researchers rely heavily on the analysis of statistics—a notoriously difficult subject—and on answers to questionnaires—also notoriously unreliable. 1975Country Life 2 Jan. 51/2 Editors have been convinced by accountants, market-researchers and computers that stories don't help to sell their products.
1881Goldw. Smith Lect. & Ess. 179 A mere *market-rigger and money-grubber.
1897Westm. Gaz. 23 Aug. 5/1 The rise..is largely attributed to *market rigging.
1486Cath. Angl. 236/1 A *Merkett rynner, circumforarius.
1552Latimer Serm., St. John Evang. Day (1584) 284 It was a common stable in the *Market set.
1880Golden Days for Boys & Girls 6 Mar. 3/2 He knew very well that the ambitious and high-spirited Oscar was not a *market-shooter from choice. 1897Outing XXX. 293/2 The market-shooter, with no dogs to take care of, can sneak through the known haunts of the quail.
1761Descr. S. Carolina 8 Afterwards, by a Wire-Sieve called a *Market-Sieve, it is separated from the broken and small Rice.
1965Listener 15 Apr. 547/2 The new methods involve a form of *market socialism, on the Yugoslav model... Production would be largely guided by the market. 1969Guardian 3 July 12/5 The effect of the Czechoslovak events has been to discredit, in the eyes of the official [Russian] Establishment, the idea of ‘market socialism’. 1972D. Collard Prices, Markets & Welfare iv. 41 Where preferences are private but the ownership of resources public we have a market-socialist system. Ibid. xiii. 119 In the early 'thirties..Lange, Lerner and Dickinson..suggested a series of devices known as ‘market socialism’.
1794Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll. 1st Ser. III. 254 Besides the lower floor of Faneuil hall being used as a flesh market, a number of stalls are erected on *Market square..and let to the market men. 1836D. B. Edward Hist. Texas 148 A block shall be designated for a market square. 1963Times 14 Feb. 8/5 The scientist who refuses contact with the people and opts for the Ivory Tower rather than the Market Square is a traitor to himself and to humanity.
1827Drake & Mansfield Cincinnati in 1826 vi. 55 The Revenue of the Corporation is derived; From..Rent of *Market-stalls. 1859Ld. Lytton Wanderer (ed. 2) 276 Those windows with the market-stalls before.
1832Boston Herald 6 Mar. 4 *Market Stallage.
1899Blackw. Mag. Jan. 46/1 The *market-stance in the wilderness was free to all comers.
1850W. P. Scargill Eng. Sketch-Bk. 3 Such agricultural bucks..are generally..the oracles of the *market-table.
1856Househ. Words XIII. 497/1 The ex-groom..walked his pony on in silence..breaking occasionally into a *market-trot.
1691Locke Money in Wks. (1824) IV. 99 According to the *market value. 1791Deb. Congress U.S. (1834) 1st Congr. App. 1993 The rapid increase that has taken place in the market value of the public securities. 1848Mill Pol. Econ. I. iii. ii. §4. 528 There are persons ready to buy, at the market value, a greater quantity than is offered for sale. 1880C. R. Markham Peruv. Bark 109 Bark from that district is of no market value.
1552Huloet, *Market woman, foratia. 1624Massinger Parl. Love ii. i, Of such as trade in the streets,..Of progress laundresses, and marketwomen. 1755Connoisseur No. 91 ⁋2 My wife is particularly proud of being an excellent Market-woman. 1863M. E. Braddon Eleanor's Vict. i, To buy peaches..of the noisy market women.
1887H. H. Jackson Between Whiles iv. 226 Donald liked slow cruising and the *market-work best.
▪ II. market, v.|ˈmɑːkɪt|
[f. market n.]
1. intr. To deal in a market, buy and sell; to go to market with produce; to purchase provisions.
1635Heylin Sabbath ii. (1636) 214 That no man should presume to Market on the Lords day. 1747H. Glasse Cookery xxi. 160 How to market. 1776Adam Smith W.N. i. xi. I. 246 A contract of this kind saves the farmer the expence and trouble of marketing. 1821Moore Mem. (1853) III. 207 Went into town..in order to market for to-morrow's dinner.
2. trans. To dispose of in a market, to sell; also, to bring or send to market.
1649G. Daniel Trinarch., Hen. V, xcviii, The Treasurer..for a Price Mercates his Maister, to extend his Purse. 1657Bp. H. King Poems iii. (1843) 90 The Captiv'd Welch, in Couples led, Were Marketted, like Cattell, by the Head. 1791Cowper Iliad xviii. 358 Our wealth Is marketted. 1865Daily Tel. 11 Aug., The Seven-thirty Loan has now been all marketed. 1892Times 24 Sept. 12/2 Foreign farmers are obliged to market their corn immense distances by rail, canal, and sea.
3. To ‘trade on’, to take advantage of.
1906Hardy Dynasts II. i. i. 10 These cloaked visitors of every clime That market on your magnanimity To gain an audience.
Add:[2.] b. Of a manufacturer, advertiser, etc.: to place or establish (a product) on the market; esp. to seek to increase sales of (a product) by means of distribution and promotion strategies. Freq. transf. Cf. sell v. 3 h.
1922A. P. Mills Materials of Construction (ed. 2) i. iv. 30 The ground grappiers are also separately marketed as a special cement known as grappier cement. 1927R. Barsodi Distribution Age i. 4 The problem which industry today is trying to solve is no longer how to produce, but how to market profitably what it can produce. 1950A. Gross Sales Promotion ii. 24 If the product is well accepted and is being marketed successfully, there may be no need to vary from the original product. 1975Cleveland (Ohio) Plain Dealer 23 Mar. 7-c/1 Seghi's insistence that he is not ‘marketing’ Perry. 1980Morning Post 19 May 2/4 His most successful single product by far was Sunlight Soap, which he marketed and promoted on methods learnt in the U.S. 1989Spectator 15 Apr. 34/3 When the time comes for Freemasonry to have to market itself, stories such as McKinstry's will provide brilliant copy. |