| 释义 |
mega-|ˈmɛgə|
before a vowel meg-, repr. Gr. µεγα-, comb. form of µέγας great, used esp. in many scientific terms (often having correlatives f. micro-, and sometimes also synonyms f. macro-), as megabacteria pl. [bacterium]; ˈmega-city, a very large city; megaˈcocci pl. [Gr. κόκκος a berry], names of two stages in the development of Billroth's Coccobacteria septica; megaˈcolon Path. [colon1], gross dilatation and hypertrophy of the colon; a colon in this condition; megaˈfrustule [frustule] Biol., a frustule of comparatively large size; megaˈgamete [gamete], one of the larger motile sexual (female) cells of algæ; megaˈkaryocyte (also -caryo-) Biol. [karyo- + -cyte], any of the giant cells with large multilobar nuclei which are found in small numbers in normal blood marrow and which are believed to give rise to blood platelets by their fragmentation; so ˌmegakaryoˈcytic a.; megallantoid a. [allantoid], having a large allantois; n., an animal so characterized; ˈmega-machine, a social system dominated by technology and functioning without regard for specifically human needs; mega-millionaire, a multi-millionaire; megaˈnucleus [nucleus], the nucleus proper as distinguished from the micronucleus or paranucleus; meˈgaphyllous a. Bot. [Gr. ϕύλλον leaf], having large leaves; ˈmegaripple Geol., an extensive undulation of the surface of a sandy beach or sea bed that is typically tens of metres from crest to crest and tens of centimetres in height, but may be much larger; ˈmegashear Geol. [shear n.2], a trans-current fault in which the displacement is very large (of the order of a hundred kilometres); ˈmegasporange, -spoˈrangium (pl. -ia) Bot. [sporangium], a sporangium containing megaspores; ˈmegaspore Bot. [spore], the larger of the two kinds of spores in heterosporous cryptogams; later, extended to the homologous structure in seed plants (i.e. the immature embryo sac); megaˈsporophyll Bot. [sporophyll], any leaf or modified leaf which bears megasporangia; megaˈtechnics, the extensive mechanization of a society with a highly developed technology; megaˈvitamin attrib., based upon the administration of large doses of vitamins; megaˈzoosporange Bot. [zoosporangium], the special sporangium in Hydrodictyon which contains a swarm of megazoospores; megaˈzoospore Bot. [zoospore], a zoospore of relatively large size. Also megabasite, megacephalic, etc. Cf. megalo-.
1883MacAlister tr. Ziegler's Path. Anat. i. §185. 265 According to size we may distinguish them as micrococci, mesococci, and *megacocci, and microbacteria, mesobacteria, and *megabacteria.
1968Harper's Mag. Feb. 61 The noisy, ugly, chaotic, increasingly dangerous and ever-spreading *mega-cities. 1975N.Y. Times 20 Aug. 37/2 Or, as the Mailer-Breslin platform said, ‘New York will become the first insane asylum of the megacity.’
1906Dorland Med. Dict. (ed. 4) 419/2 *Megacolon. 1908Practitioner Sept. 459 True congenital idiopathic megacolon, or Hirschsprung's disease. 1949, etc. Megacolon [see Hirschsprung].
1895Naturalist 260 Drawings made with the camera lucida..of the conjugating process showing the *megafrustules.
1891Hartog in Nature 17 Sept. 484 The smaller (micro-)gamete is male, the larger *(mega-)gamete, female. 1897Parker & Haswell Text-bk. Zool. I. 71 Union always taking place between a large cell or megagamete and a small cell or microgamete.
1890W. H. Howell in Jrnl. Morphol. IV. 118, I shall speak of them hereafter as *megakaryocytes, or large nucleated giant cells. 1938H. Downey Handbk. Hematol. I. vii. 449 (heading) Blood platelets and megacaryocytes. 1966Lancet 24 Dec. 1416/1 There was virtual absence of erythroid precursors in the bone-marrow, with normal myeloid series and megakaryocytes.
1938H. Downey Handbk. Hematol. I. vii. 482 Many of the blood platelets of the peripheral blood were rather large *megacaryocytic fragments. Ibid., Wuyts produced a marked megacaryocytic reaction in rabbits. 1972Nature 7 Apr. 293/3 Erythroid, granulocytic or megakaryocytic cells.
1877W. Turner Hum. Anat. ii. 869 So large and persistent is the sac of the allantois in the ordinary Ruminantia [etc.], that M. H. Milne-Edwards has grouped them together as *Megallantoids.
1967L. Mumford Myth of Machine i. 12 Cosmic order was the basis of this new human order. The exactitude in measurement, the abstract mechanical system, the compulsive regularity of this ‘*megamachine’, as I shall call it, sprang directly from astronomical observations and scientific calculations. 1967Harper's Mag. Oct. 110 The mega⁓machine was ‘invisible’ because its tens of thousands of interacting parts were human. 1970L. Mumford in New Yorker 31 Oct. 85 What is needed to save mankind from the megamachine—or whatever controls the megamachine—is to displace the mechanical world picture with an organic world picture, in the center of which stands man himself. 1973Physics Bull. Jan. 5/2 The sophisticated industrial megamachines of the present century are also based on system centred technology, and the troubles they have led us into are only too clear.
1968Time 8 Mar. 21 Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller, 59, a *megamillionaire via the Rockefellers, a political patrician through the Aldriches. 1973Observer 12 Aug. 11/1 He has managed to reach the near top of the mega-millionaire league table.
1897Parker & Haswell Text-bk. Zool. I. 84 The *meganucleus in Paramœcium is ovoid. 1903S. J. Hickson in E. R. Lankester Zool. i. Protozoa 372 The Meganucleus (= Macronucleus).
1904Science 21 Oct. 529/1 The pteridophytes..may be disposed according to the prevalent size of their leaves in a series, leading from microphyllous to *megaphyllous types. 1909D. H. Scott in A. C. Seward Darwin & Mod. Sci. 203 A large proportion of the higher plants are microphyllous in comparison with the highly megaphyllous fern-like forms from which they appear to have been derived.
1953L. M. J. U. van Straaten in Geol. en Mijnbouw XV. 3/1 Initial stages of transverse *megaripples covered with the common small scale current ripples are frequently seen on the large, sandy tidal flats. 1968New Scientist 18 Apr. 113/1 The strange features that have come to be known as megaripples—regularly formed giant undulations, measured by echo sounders, that straddle the ocean floor with distances of three to four miles between crest and crest.
1954S. W. Carey in News Bull. Geol. Soc. Austral. July 1 The known *megashears, where orogens are displaced hundreds of km., were next examined. 1971Nature 2 July 23/1 We regard these two [American] plates as distinct entities separated mainly by the Cayman-Puerto Rico megashear.
1889Bennett & Murray Cryptog. Bot. 11 It [i.e. a spore-case] is a *megasporange or a microsporange, according as it contains megaspores or microspores.
1886Athenæum 10 Apr. 491/2 Mr. Bennett has made use of the term *Megasporangia in describing the heterosporous vascular cryptogams.
1858Carpenter Veg. Phys. §734 Three or four roundish fleshy bodies (*megaspores). 1889Bennett & Murray Cryptog. Bot. 11 Two different kinds of spore,..megaspores and..microspores. 1900Jrnl. R. Microsc. Soc. 605 The division of the megaspore of Erythronium is..essentially the same as in Lilium philadelphicum. 1965K. Esau Plant Anat. (ed. 2) xviii. 563 The ovule developing from the placenta of the ovary is the seat of formation of the megaspores (or macrospores).
1902Encycl. Brit. XXV. 432/2 The microsporophylls (stamens) and the *megasporophylls (carpels).
1967L. Mumford Myth of Machine ix. 189 When all the components, political and economic, military, bureaucratic and royal, must be included, I shall usually refer to the ‘megamachine’: in plain words, the Big Machine. And the technical equipment derived from such a megamachine thence becomes ‘*mega⁓technics’... At its inception no inferior chief could organize the megamachine and set it in motion. 1967Harper's Mag. Oct. 108 Under the impulsion of unprecedented ‘mega⁓technics’—‘nuclear energy, supersonic transportation, cybernetic intelligence, and instantaneous distant communication’—the far-flung settlement patterns of Megalopolis are resistlessly expanding in many parts of the world, transforming man and the earth. 1970New Yorker 10 Oct. 76/2 The idea of universal mechanization (mega⁓technics) was established in the megamachine of Egypt.
1970L. Pauling Vitamin C & Common Cold 70 The use of very large amounts of vitamins in the control of disease has been called *megavitamin therapy. Megavitamin therapy is one aspect of orthomolecular medicine. It is my opinion that in the course of time it will be found possible to control hundreds of diseases by megavitamin therapy. 1972Daily Colonist (Victoria, B.C.) 20 Feb. 19/2 Dr. Abram Hoffer, a Saskatchewan psychiatrist who pioneered megavitamin therapy for schizophrenia. 1975Nature 14 Aug. 529/3 Efforts of the FDA to regulate megavitamin promotion, however, were set back by a court decision and by the passage last year of a bill in the US Senate that specifically prevents the FDA from classifying high-potency vitamin preparations as drugs.
1889Bennett & Murray Cryptog. Bot. 297 Fig. 260..C. *megazoosporange..D. *megazoospores.
b. Prefixed to names of units of measurement, force, resistance, etc., meg(a- is used to denote ‘a million times’; e.g. megabar [bar n.6 1, 2], megabit [bit n.4], megabyte, megacurie, megadalton [dalton2], megadyne, meg(a)erg (cf. megalerg s.v. megalo-), megafarad, megahertz, meg(a)joule, megametre, meganewton, megaparsec, megapone, megarad, megavolt (hence megavoltage), megawatt, megaweber, megohm; also ˈmegabuck colloq. [buck n.8], a million dollars; ˈmegacorpse, a million dead bodies, a term used in estimating the possible effects of nuclear warfare; ˈmegadeath, the death of a million persons, as a unit in estimating the possible effects of nuclear warfare; megaunit |ˈmɛgəjuːnɪt| Biol. and Med., a million international units.
1903Richards & Stull New Method determining Compressibility 43 The pressure of a megadyne per square centimeter would be called a *megabar. 1925J. Joly Surface-Hist. Earth iii. 55 The megabar is one million dynes per sq. cm. It is nearly one atmosphere. 1969New Scientist 9 Jan. 81/3 The pressure needed to produce metallic hydrogen may well be less than a megabar.
1957Electronics 1 Oct. 163 (heading) High-speed computer stores 2·5 *megabits. 1972Sci. Amer. Sept. 139/2 A broadcast-quality color-television signal in digital code calls for 90 megabits per second.
1946Picture Post 7 Dec. 10/1 Atomic research is so expensive that American scientists have ceased to use the dollar as their unit. They have laughingly coined the term ‘*megabuck’—one megabuck equals a million dollars. 1952Galaxy June 16/2, I had already pencilled in a tentative campaign in the budget well under a megabuck. 1968Amer. Anthropologist LXX. 608/2 He certainly had no megabuck research grant. 1973Nature 12 Jan. 86/1 The diamond project was not cheap (I think I first heard the word ‘megabuck’ in connexion with diamond synthesis).
1973*Megabyte [see kilobyte s.v. kilo- b].
1958Tuscaloosa (Alabama) News 4 Sept. 4/5 The eeriest new word coined in the space age is ‘*Mega⁓corpse’. 1968Economist 13 Apr. 29/2 Dr. Kahn, a controversial figure best known for his calculations on thermo-nuclear war and his invention of the term ‘megacorpse’, has begun to broaden the institute's scope.
1947Radiology XLIX. 326/1 The amount of radioactivity from these fission products with moderately long half-lives was in the range of hundreds of *megacuries. 1957New Scientist 10 Oct. 28/3 Large amounts of radioactivity can be measured in megacuries: one megacurie is the equivalent of one [metric] ton of radium.
1960New Biol. XXXI. 121 The weight of 1 per cent of the particle [sc. T2 phage] is 1·2 Md. [Note] Md = *megadaltons or 1,000,000 molecular weight units. 1973Sci. Amer. Apr. 22/2 The molecular weight of the E. coli chromosome is 2,500 megadaltons.
1953Birmingham (Alabama) News 21 June E3/1 He does not deal in numbers of atomic bombs or precise methods of delivery, in kilotons or *megadeaths. 1959New Statesman 21 Nov. 693/3 Mr Krushchev's announcement that a single Soviet factory is producing 250 megadeath weapons a year is a timely reminder of the risks of delay. 1962R. E. Lapp Kill & Overkill viii. 100 ‘55 megadeaths’ does not sound as bad as 55 million Americans dead. 1971Islander (Victoria, B.C.) 5 Dec. 15/4 The brain that was good enough to produce the skilled hunter was also good enough to produce huge empires, noble causes to die for, vast armies, and megadeath.
1871Brit. Assoc. Rep. ii. 29 The author [Everett] proposed..that the names kilodyne, *megadyne, kilopone, *megapone be employed to denote a thousand and a million dynes and pones.
1891L. Clark Dict. Metric. Meas., *Meg-erg, or Megalerg = one million ergs... Meg-joule = one million joules.
1868L. Clark Electr. Meas. 44 *Megafarad.
1941Chem. Abstr. XXXV. 2159 (heading) Molecular changes following irradiation with hertzian waves of a frequency of 1875 *megahertz. 1966Electronics 3 Oct. 171 Transatlantic airliners will communicate with the satellite on the 118 to 136 Megahertz band. 1971D. W. Sciama Mod. Cosmol. iv. 52 The revised 3C catalogue gives a virtually complete list of the [radio] sources between declinations -5° and +90° that are brighter than 9 flux units at 178 megahertz.
1892B. Smith & Hudson Arith. 147 A million joules make a *megajoule.
1902Encycl. Brit. XXXIII. 812/1 *Megametre (astronomy)..1,000,000 metres.
1970Sci. Jrnl. June 16/1 It is possible to transform maraging steels with a high content of embrittling components..into fine wire having a tensile strength of about 5200 *meganewtons per square metre. 1975Physics Bull. Apr. 165/1 Traditionally, standard forces up to meganewtons are produced on deadweight machines.
1933Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. XIX. 1001 At the distance of three *megaparsecs, the largest galaxies in the Virgo group have linear diameters of approximately six kiloparsecs. 1938, etc. Megaparsec [see Hubble]. 1973Physics Bull. Nov. 674/1 There is evidence for an intergalactic [magnetic] field of order 10-13 T which seems to be uniform over scales of several thousand megaparsecs.
1958Times Rev. Industry July 25/3 For many applications the *megarad (one million rads) is more suitable. 1960A. Charlesby Atomic Radiation & Polymers iv. 65 A reactor running at 100 megawatts power output could provide 30 megarads to 1 ton of material.
1953Economist 31 Jan. 307/2 During last summer, British production [of penicillin] fell below the 1951 weekly average of 1,216,000 *mega units. 1970New Scientist 19 Mar. 543/1, 2.4 megaunits of long acting benzathine penicillin can maintain a treponemicidal blood and tissue level for three weeks or more.
1868L. Clark Electr. Meas. 43 *Megavolt. 1924C. R. Underhill Magnets i. 11 The volt per microcoulomb or the megavolt per coulomb. 1957Technology July 181/1 A research physicist at work on the 450 megavolt synchro-cyclotron.
1961Lancet 16 Sept. 616/2, 3 patients with a recurrent infiltrating neoplasm after *megavoltage therapy were included. 1961D. W. Smithers in Tanner & Smithers Tumours Oesophagus xxi. 265 The next step forward came with the introduction of megavoltage [X-ray] apparatus.
1900Webster, *Megawatt. 1955Times 16 July 6/4 The first atomic stations of the Central Electricity Authority will have two nuclear reactors each, together providing a net output of electricity of 100 to 200 megawatts. 1969P. W. McDaniel in D. Z. Robinson et al. Nucl. Energy Today & Tomorrow (1971) ii. iv. 210 In 1962 the largest U.S. power reactor was 180 megawatts.
1868L. Clark Electr. Meas. 43 One million ohms = 1 *megohm. 1902Encycl. Brit. XXVIII. 4/2 Convenient multiples and subdivisions of the ohm are the microhm and the megohm.
Add:[a.] ˈmegaphyll n. Bot. [ad. Da. megafyl (coined by C. Raunkiaer 1917, in Bot. Tidsskr. XXXIV. 229), f. Gr. ϕύλλ-ον leaf], a type of leaf, found in ferns and some higher plants, which is usu. large and has a complex vascular system with leaf gaps in the stem stele; opp. microphyll n. s.v. *micro- 1 a.
1932Proc. Linn. Soc. CXLV. 26 There is an early differentiation between..the simple microphylls and the branch systems or ‘telomes’ which later evolved into the *megaphylls of the higher plants. 1983E. C. Minkoff Evolutionary Biol. xxvi. 451/1 Megaphylls of this type occur in ferns, where they bear the sporangia on their lower surfaces. 1989Plant Systematics & Evol. CLXV. 147 It is striking that there is nothing particularly primitive or pre-fern about these plants, they have all the assets of modern Filicalean ferns with bilaterally organized megaphylls and biseriate pinnae.
ˈmegastore n., a very large retail store, often one specializing in a particular type of product.
1982Times 14 May 15/4 By then also more than 30 so-called *megastores, [or] factory stores, are expected to be established. 1985Investors Chron. 1–7 Nov. 42/1 Virgin and HMV have set up megastores. 1991Bicycling Feb. 50/2 Though many of these shops have provided character and expertise,..they'll..be replaced by megastores featuring slick merchandising and one-stop shopping. |