| 释义 |
‖ meiosis|maɪˈəʊsɪs|
Also 7 miosis. Pl. meioses.
[Gr. µείωσις lessening, f. µειοῦν, to lessen, f. µείων less.]
1. Rhet.
†a. A figure of speech by which the impression is intentionally conveyed that a thing is less in size, importance, etc., than it really is.
1586A. Day Eng. Secretary ii. (1625) 84 Meiosis, a manner of disabling, as when we say, Alas Sir, it is not in my power to doe it. 1589Puttenham Eng. Poesie III. xvi[i]. (Arb.) 195 If you diminish and abbase a thing by way of spight.., such speach is by the figure Meiosis or the disabler spoken of hereafter. a1716South Serm. (1717) IV. 32 Their whole Discourse being one continued Meiosis to diminish, lessen, and debase the great Things of the Gospel.
b. = litotes.
1642Fuller Holy & Prof. St. ii. vii. 73 Some condemne Rhetorick as the mother of lies, speaking more then the truth in Hyperboles, lesse in her Miosis. 1655― Ch. Hist. viii. iii. §32 The foresaid Author..termeth Him..Pedantick enough, that is too much, to such as understand his Miosis. a1716South Serm. (1727) IV. x. 434 The Words are a Meiosis, and import much more than they express. 1903Speaker 16 May 159/1 Self-assertiveness, Mr. Sheppard observes with a pleasing meiosis, is not required.
2. Path. The stage of a disease in which the symptoms begin to abate.
1857Dunglison Med. Lex. 577. 1890 in Syd. Soc. Lex.
3. Biol. (Formerly also maiosis.) The division of a diploid cell nucleus into four haploid nuclei, which offsets a doubling of chromosome numbers at a subsequent fertilization and normally comprises a reduction division (meiosis I) followed by an equational division (meiosis II); commonly used to include also the accompanying division of the cytoplasm.
1905Farmer & Moore in Q. Jrnl. Microsc. Sci. XLVIII. 489 We propose to apply the terms Maiosis or Maiotic phase to cover the whole series of nuclear changes included in the two divisions that were designated as Heterotype and Homotype by Flemming. 1907Rep. Brit. Assoc. Adv. Sci. 689 There is reason to believe that a sorting of the chromosomes, analogous to that seen in meiosis, takes place in the third division of the ascus. 1925E. B. Wilson Cell (ed. 3) vi. 576 Meiosis brings about two additional results... One is to establish new haploid combinations of the original maternal and paternal chromosomes in the germ-cells... Not less important is the reorganization of the chromosomes, individually considered, that takes place during meiosis, by means of ‘crossing-over’. 1934L. W. Sharp Introd. Cytol. (ed. 3) xvi. 254 Meiosis involves two nuclear divisions but only one chromosomal division. 1949Darlington & Mather Elem. Genetics i. 34 Since crossing-over can probably take place between any two chromomeres, it will be rare indeed for two identical haploid nuclei to be produced from different meioses. 1971Sci. Amer. Aug. 56/3 Without mitosis there could be no meiosis, the type of cell division that gives rise to eggs and sperm. |