| 释义 |
memory, n.|ˈmɛmərɪ|
Forms: α. (chiefly Sc. and north.) 4–6 memoire, memore, memour, 5–6 -oyre, 6 memor, memoir. β. 4–6 memorye, 4–7 memorie, (6 memoree, -i), 4– memory.
[a. OF. memorie, memoire, memore (mod.F. mémoire) = Sp., Pg., It. memoria, ad. L. memoria, noun of quality or condition f. memor mindful, remembering, a reduplicated formation on the root *mer-, Indogermanic *smer- (Skr. smar-) to remember.
There is no etymological connexion between L. memor and the vb. meminī I remember.]
1. a. The faculty by which things are remembered; the capacity for retaining, perpetuating, or reviving the thought of things past. to commit or † commend to memory: see the vbs. In Psychol. freq. sub-categorized according to its manifestation or the bodily process with which it is believed to be connected.
1340Ayenb. 107 Ac y-yeue is þe herte parfitliche and yconfermed, uor þe memorie is zuo cleuiynde ine him þet ne of no þing þenche bote ine him. c1375Sc. Leg. Saints vi. (Thomas) 395 For in til a man visdome Is, & of þat ane þare procedis vndirstandynge, memore, & wite. 1413Pilgr. Sowle (Caxton 1483) iv. xxv. 71 God made man ryght as a Trynyte, he yaf him memory, vnderstandyng and wylle. 1513Douglas æneis x. Prol. 70 Rayson decernis, memor kepis the consait. 1530Palsgr. 666/2, I commende it to memorie. c1540Boorde The boke for to Lerne C iij b, It doth acuat, quycken, and refreshe, the memorye. 1690Locke Hum. Und. i. iv. (1695) 35 By the memory it [an idea] can be made an actual perception again. 1718Lady M. W. Montagu Let. to Lady Rich 16 Mar., The memory can retain but a certain number of images. 1828Scott F.M. Perth xxiv, Our memory is, of all our powers of mind, that which is peculiarly liable to be suspended. 1855H. Spencer Princ. Psychol. (1872) I. iv. viii. 483 The subject-matter of Memory is retrospective. 1883F. Galton Inquiries into Human Faculty 106 One favourite expedient was to associate the sight memory with the muscular memory. 1897tr. T. Ribot's Psychol. of Emotions 153 Others..recall the circumstances plus the revived condition of feeling. It is these who have the true ‘affective memory’. 1899Amer. Jrnl. Psychol. XI. 7 He found that recollection could be mediated..(1) through visual images, (a) successive in time or space, or (b) grouped..plus motor memory. 1906C. S. Sherrington Integrative Action Nervous Syst. ix. 330 The relative haste with which an animal when hungry approaches food..suggests that conation attaches to the visual reaction by association through memory with affective tone. 1921B. Russell Analysis of Mind ix. 157, I shall attempt the analysis of memory-knowledge..because memory, in some form, is presupposed in almost all other knowledge. 1955H. E. Garrett Gen. Psychol. x. 381 The phenomena of memory may be classified under the four headings fixation or acquisition, retention, recall, and recognition... Each of these four processes is a necessary part of memory. 1961F. H. George Brain as Computer viii. 280 The hippocampus and hippocampal gyrus are therefore important features in recent memory. 1967M. B. Arnold in Appley & Trumbull Psychological Stress 139 How intensely we experience stress may depend on the strength of this affective memory. 1969T. Freeman Psychopathol. of Psychoses viii. 134 Sometimes the patient appears to have no capacity for short-term recall and yet at other times this function is quite intact. Similar inconsistencies of performance affect long-term and immediate memory.
personified.1618Bp. Hall Righteous Mammon 95 Memory, the Great keeper or Master of the rolles of the soule. 1831Wordsw. Bothwell Castle, Memory, like sleep, hath powers which dreams obey..; How little that she cherishes is lost!
b. art of memory, artificial memory: mnemonics; a system of mnemonic devices.
[1491Petrus Ravennas (title) Foenix; seu artificiosa memoria.] 154.R. Copland (title) The Art of Memory, that otherwyse is called the Phenix. 1573W. Fulwod tr. Gratarolus' Castel of Memorie vii. F v b, Artificiall Memorie is a disposyng or placing of sensible thinges in the mynde by imagination, whereunto the naturall Memorie hauing respect, is by them admonished. 1594Nashe Unfort. Trav. 70 It is not possible for anie man to learne the Art of Memorie,..except he haue a naturall memorie before. 1647Cowley Mistress, Soul iii, So that thy Parts become to me A kind of Art of Memory. 1653R. Sanders (title) Physiognomie..Whereunto is added the Art of Memorie. 1747Hoyle (title) A Short Treatise On the Game of Whist..To which is added, An Artificial Memory: Or, An easy Method of assisting the Memory of those that play at the Game.
c. The capacity of a body or substance for manifesting effects of its previous state, behaviour, or treatment; the effects themselves.
1887, etc. [see magnetic memory (magnetic a. and n. A. 5)]. 1935Proc. R. Soc. A. CXLIX. 72 The [magnetic] field..is to be regarded as ‘frozen in’ and represents a permanent memory of the field which existed when the metal was last cooled below the transition temperature. 1949Proc. Internat. Congr. Rheology 1948 i. 5 In the usual form of the theory of viscosity it is assumed that the rate of deformation is so slow compared with the relaxation process, that only slight deviations from the equilibrium state will be found... When the relaxation-time is large and the rate of deformation high..the deviation from the equilibrium state will then show traces of a more distant past. Here we see manifested a kind of ‘memory’ on the part of the flowing medium. 1950Physical Rev. LXXVIII. 341/2 (heading) Memory in simple ferromagnetic domain crystal. 1964J. M. Blatt Theory Superconductivity ix. 332 Since the supercurrent acts in such a direction as to make the total flux approach more closely to an integral number of flux quanta, this initial value of m0 remains unchanged..and preserves a ‘memory’ for the initial, external flux. 1971Nature 5 Mar. 28/1 The palaeomagnetic memory of most igneous rocks resides in grains of magnetite and titanomagnetite which are chemically unstable. Ibid. 30/2 Titomagnetite retains a memory of its original magnetization after oxidation.
d. The capacity of a body or substance for returning to a previous state when the cause of the transition from that state is removed.
1956Chem. Abstr. L. 4577 The conversion of a naturally occurring twinned quartz crystal to single crystals by torsion often results in the formation of an unstable state, and the crystal reverts to its original twinned state. Natural crystals exhibiting ‘memory’ usually contain large amounts of impurities. 1961Chem. & Industry 12 Aug. 1261/2 [This] could have accounted for that part of the diameter increases observed when the polymer solution flowed out of a capillary, which could not be attributed to memory of the convergent flow at the entrance to the capillary. (This memory could not account for all the diameter increase because as the length of the capillary was increased, the diameter increase decreased, but did not tend to zero.) 1964A. S. Lodge Elastic Liquids x. 236 ‘Bouncing putty’..may be said to have a ‘memory’ of a few seconds in the sense that if a sample is first rapidly elongated and then held at constant length for a few seconds, no recovery occurs on release; whereas, on immediate release following the initial elongation, appreciable recovery (i.e. decrease in length..) occurs.
2. a. This faculty considered as residing in a particular individual; often with epithet denoting the extent to which the faculty is developed or the department in which it is most active.
c1374Chaucer Anel. & Arc. 14 This old story..That eeld, which þat all can frete and bite,..hath negh devoured oute of my memory. 1484Caxton Fables of æsop ii. ix, Good children ought..to..put in theyr hert & memory the doctryne..of theyr parentes. 1597Morley Introd. Mus. 5, I should haue a verie good wit, for I haue but a bad memorie. 1624Heywood Gunaik. iii. 125 For this appear'd the blazing Star Yet fresh in our memory. 1692R. L'Estrange Fables cccliii. 323 Wherefore Parasites and Lyers had need of Good Memories. 1705Addison Italy Pref., I took care to refresh my Memory among the Classic Authors. 1826Disraeli Viv. Grey vi. iii, A good memory is often as ready a friend as a sharp wit. 1852Mrs. Stowe Uncle Tom's C. xx. 213 Topsy had an uncommon verbal memory.
b. In the language of wills, etc., of † good memory, sane memory, † safe memory, sound memory, † whole memory.
1402E.E. Wills (1882) 10, I, Iohn Girdeler of Harfeld, in god mynde and saf memorye, make my testement. 1483Act 1 Rich. III, c. 7 §3 Persons..within Age..or not of whole Memory at the Time of such Fine levied. 1642tr. Perkins' Prof. Bk. i. §22. 10 If a man being of good memorie make a Charter of Feofment. 1820Gifford Compl. Eng. Lawyer (ed. 5) 672, I, John Mills,..linen-draper, being of sound and disposing mind, memory, and understanding. 1826W. Roberts Wills & Codicils (ed. 3) I. 32 No person who is not of a reasonable mind and sane memory can make any disposition by will.
†c. to come to one's memory: to recover from unconsciousness. [Cf. OF. revenir en sa mémoire.]
1754Richardson Grandison V. xxviii. 174, I have endeavoured to account for the noble behaviour of your sister; and am the less surprised at it, now she is come to her memory.
d. A device (usu. part of a computer) in which data or program instructions may be stored and from which they may be retrieved when required. Freq. attrib. (see 12).
1946N.Y. Times 15 Feb. 16/4 Numerical values covering a wide range of scientific ‘constants’ are interjected as and when they are needed. There are four kinds of ‘memory’ in the Eniac to accomplish this. 1946Nature 20 Apr. 527/2 The units in which addition is carried out provide a ‘memory’ with a capacity of about twenty numbers. 1948Math. Tables & Other Aids to Computation III. 123 The instructions governing the routine operations that the machine is to perform can be stored in the memory in exactly the same manner in which the numbers on which the machine is to operate are stored. 1959Listener 25 June 1109/1 In a typical ferrite-core memory several thousand tiny ferrite rings..are threaded on to thin copper wires. 1959Times 13 Oct. 11/7 Data are stored in an electronic ‘memory’ or ‘information bank’, using digital techniques. 1962F. I. Ordway et al. Basic Astronautics iv. 137 When a particle traverses the two scintillators..the pulse height from one of the counters is processed by a channel analyzer. Data are accumulated in the analyzer's magnetic core memory and then read out serially. 1970O. Dopping Computers & Data Processing x. 134 A secondary memory..cannot exchange data directly with any unit other than primary memory... In an external memory..the information contents can be changed not only by programmed operations, but also by manual operations... However, many people use the word external memory for what has been called secondary memory in this book.
3. a. Recollection, remembrance. Chiefly in phrases, as from memory; to come to (a person's) memory; to bear, have, keep in memory. † to draw or take into or to memory: to recollect, remember. † to have memory (of): to recollect (trans. and intr.). † out of memory: forgotten.
c1369Chaucer Bk. Duchesse 945 Hir throte, as I haue now memoyre, Semed a round tour of yvoyre. c1386― Miller's Prol. 4 It was a noble storie And worthy for to drawen to memorie. 1390Gower Conf. I. 37 Who so drawth into memoire What hath befalle of old and newe. Ibid. II. 22 Bot al was clene out of memoire. Ibid. III. 166 Tak into memoire, For al this pompe and al this pride Let no justice gon aside. c1400Rom. Rose 5752 Sich as..toward god have no memorie. 1500–20Dunbar Poems lxxii. 5 Having his passioun in memorye. 1550Crowley Last Trumpet 1021 Se thou cal to memori The ende wherfore al men are made. 1553Eden Treat. Newe Ind. (Arb.) 15 This beaste..doth wonderfulli beare in memorie benefytes shewed vnto him. 1570–6Lambarde Peramb. Kent (1826) 156 Whilest each man was guiltie of the fault, and had fresh memorie thereof. 1590Sir J. Smyth Disc. Weapons 2 The most of the which that shall fall into my memorie. 1606Shakes. Ant. & Cl. iv. ix. 7 When men reuolted shall vpon Record Beare hatefull memory. 1611Bible 1 Cor. xv. 2 If yee keepe in memorie what I preached vnto you. a1626Bacon New Atl. (1900) 21 Wee haue memory not of one Shipp that euer returned. 1638Sir T. Herbert Trav. (ed. 2) 25 Suffer me (whiles in memory) to tell you of a fish or 2 which in these seas were obvious. 1802Wordsw. Sonn., When I have borne in memory what has tamed Great Nations. 1856Grote Greece ii. xcviii. XII. 647 A considerable portion of the Greeks of Olbia could repeat the Iliad from memory. Mod. The portrait was painted from memory.
b. An act or instance of remembrance; a representation in the memory, a recollection.
1817Shelley Rev. Islam vii. iii, She told me a strange tale.., Like broken memories of many a heart Woven into one. 1833Tennyson Lady Clara Vere de Vere iv, You put strange memories in my head. 1854Mrs. Stowe (title) Sunny Memories of Foreign Lands.
c. A person or thing held in remembrance.
1842Tennyson Gardener's Dau. (end), The darling of my manhood, and, alas! Now the most blessed memory of my age. 1886A. Birrell in Contemp. Rev. L. 28 The first great fact to remember is, that the Edmund Burke we are all agreed in regarding as one of the proudest memories of the House of Commons was an Irishman.
4. a. The fact or condition of being remembered; ‘exemption from oblivion’ (J.). ? Obs. exc. as in b.
c1375Sc. Leg. Saints xl. (Ninian) 1086 Þis sa schort tyme gane ves Þat ȝet it is in memor fresch. 1375Barbour Bruce i. 14 To put in wryt a suthfast story, That it lest ay furth in memory. 1523Ld. Berners Froiss. I. i. 1 To thentent that the..featis of armes..shulde..be..put in perpetuall memory. 1579–80North Plutarch, Theseus (1595) 15 And this is that which is worthy memorie..touching the wars of these Amazones. 1591Shakes. 1 Hen. VI, iv. iii. 51 That euer-liuing man of Memorie, Henrie the fift. 1644Milton Educ. Wks. (1847) 98/1 To say or do aught worthy memory. 1656Stanley Hist. Philos. vi. (1701) 243/2 Mortal Nature..obtaineth Eternal Memory by the greatness of such works.
b. in memory of, † to the memory of: so as to keep alive the remembrance of; as a record of. Also † in memory, for a memorial.
a1340Hampole Psalter xxvi. 9 In memore of his passion. 1370Robt. Cicyle 63 Thys storye ys, withowten lye, At Rome wretyn in memorye. c1375Sc. Leg. Saints xiv. (Lucas) 31 In lofe & memore of þare name. a1400–50Alexander 1118 In mynde & in memory of him to make a cite. 1509Hawes Past. Pleas. xlv. (Percy Soc.) 220 Makyng great bokes to be in memory. 1640Bp. Hall Chr. Moder. i. xii. 127 A yearely fast called Arzibur, in the sad memory of the dog of Sergius. 1653Nissena 154 A Livery which they wore to the memory of the deceased King. 1769Goldsm. Hist. Rome II. 490 He removed, for change of air, to Helenopolis, a city which he had built to the memory of his mother. 1781J. Morison in Sc. Paraphrases xxxv. vi, Through latest ages let it pour In mem'ry of my dying hour.
5. a. The recollection (of something) perpetuated amongst men; what is remembered of a person, object, or event; (good or bad) posthumous repute.
c1450St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 495 Þe whilk place, for þe childes memour, Es halden ȝit in grete honour. 1490Caxton Eneydos xxvii. 102 Memore shalbe therof as longe as heuyn & erthe shall last. 1597Shakes. 2 Hen. IV, iv. iv. 75 Their memorie Shall as a Patterne, or a Measure, liue. 1611Bible Prov. x. 7 The memorie of the iust is blessed. 1625Bacon Ess., Great Place (Arb.) 293 Vse the Memory of thy Predecessor fairly, and tenderly. 1662J. Davies tr. Olearius' Voy. Ambass. 125 Cyril of Alexandria, whose memory the Greeks celebrate on the 9. of June. 1711Swift Jrnl. to Stella 28 May, I..promised to do what I could to help him to a service, which I did for Harry Tenison's memory. 1781Gibbon Decl. & F. xvii. II. 44 The memory of Constantine has been deservedly censured for another innovation which corrupted military discipline. 1838Arnold Hist. Rome (1846) I. vi. 213 His father's memory..was regarded with respect and affection. 1868Freeman Norm. Conq. (1877) II. vii. 45 He has left a dark and sad memory behind.
b. of blessed memory, happy memory, famous (etc.) memory: a formula used after the names of sovereigns, princes, or other notable persons who have been distinguished for their actions or virtues.
[1432–50tr. Higden (Rolls) V. 149 Seynte Gregory..callethe Constantyne a man of goode memory.] 1485Rolls of Parlt. VI. 288/2 The most famous Prince of blessed memorie King Herrie the VIth. 1509Fisher Funeral Serm. C'tess Richmond Wks. (1876) 289 A comynycacyon betwyxt the woman of blessed memory called Martha and our sauyour Ihesu. 1605Camden Rem. 3 Our late Soveraigne, of most deare sacred and ever-glorious memorie Queene Elizabeth. 1660Ld. Brudnell in Buccleuch MSS. (Hist. MS. Comm.) I. 313 When his late Majesty of glorious memory was intended to go against the Scots. 1738Swift Pol. Conversat. Introd. 4 His late Majesty King William the Third, of ever glorious and immortal Memory. 1762Bp. Forbes Jrnl. (1886) 176 The widow of Sutherland of Bogsie, of facetious memory.
6. a. The length of time over which the recollection of a person or a number of persons extends; chiefly in phr. beyond, † past, † out of, within the memory (of man). † through all memory: for all time.
1530Tindale Pract. Prelates D vij, And in his lawe he [the pope] thrust in fayned gyftes of old emperours that were out of memorye, sayenge that [etc.]. 1542Aberdeen Reg. (1844) I. 439 Vsit and perseruit all tymes bigane, past memor of man. 1555Eden Decades i. iv. 21 b, The same yeare, the sea..rose higher than euer it dyd before by the memory of man [orig. more maiorum]. 1570–6Lambarde Peramb. Kent (1576) 9 Within memorie almost the one halfe of the first sorte be disparked. 1643Milton Divorce ii. xi, Why then is Pilat branded through all memory? 1667― P.L. vii. 637 How first this World and face of things began, And what before thy memorie was don From the beginning. a1676Hale De Jure Maris i. vi. in Hargrave's Law Tracts (1787) I. 35 That the river of the Severn usque filum aquæ was time out of memory parcell of that manor. 1711Addison Spect. No. 13 ⁋4 He..has drawn together greater Audiences than have been known in the Memory of Man. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. i. init., I purpose to write the history of England from the accession of king James the Second down to a time which is within the memory of men still living. 1870Toulmin Smith Eng. Gilds 213 margin, The gild was begun at a time beyond the memory of man.
b. Law. time of (legal) memory: see quots.
Cf. the corresponding phrase ‘Time Immemorial, or Time whereof the Memory of Man runneth not to the contrary’, Act 2 & 3 Will. IV, c. 71 §1.
1642tr. Perkins Prof. Bk. ii. §120. 54 If a Deed bear date before time of memory it is not pleadable. 1766Blackstone Comm. I. 31 Time of memory hath been long ago ascertained by the law to commence from the reign of Richard the first.
7. Eccl. A commemoration, esp. of the departed. Obs. exc. Hist.
1303R. Brunne Handl. Synne 7957 Þe þryde [part of the Host] he offreþ to haue memory For soules þat are yn purgatory. 1362Langl. P. Pl. A. vii. 88 He is holden..to..munge me in his memorie Among alle cristene. 1463Bury Wills (Camden) 18 And after the seid messe to sey a memorie of requiem for vs. 1558in Strype Ann. Ref. I. App. iv. 6 If there be some other devout sort of prayers or memory said. 1591Spenser M. Hubberd 454 Their memories, their singings, and their gifts. 1853Rock Ch. of Fathers IV. xii. 125 After the collect for the day..came the ‘memories’, or, as we now call them, ‘commemorations’. 1885R. W. Dixon Hist. Ch. Eng. xviii. III. 283 (tr. Bucer), And I am told that there are women of title who boldly demand memories to be celebrated when there are no communicants.
†8. to make memory of: to preserve a record or memorial of; to record, mention. Obs.
c1375Sc. Leg. Saints xxv. (Julian) 31 Of wthyre Iulyanis sere mencione I sal mak ȝou here, & als sume memor sal I ma of Iulyane apostata. c1420Lydg. Assembly of Gods 1515 For on the walles was made memory Singlerly of euery creature That there had byn. 1590Spenser F.Q. iii. ii. 1 To whom no share in armes and chevalree They doe impart, ne maken memoree Of their brave gestes. a1643Ld. Falkland, etc. Infallibility (1646) 85 There is no memory made how the sentence was received.
†9. A memorial writing; a historical account; a record of a person or an event; a history. Obs.
1432–50tr. Higden (Rolls) II. 269 Cambises,..vnder whom the memory [L. historia] of that woman Iudith happede. c1470Harding Chron. cv. iii, The kyng came home with honour and victorye, As Flores saieth right in his memorye. a1540Barnes Wks. (1573) 183 Wee doe not read in any memoryes, that our fathers haue left vs, that [etc.]. 1572R. H. tr. Lauaterus' Ghostes (1596) 69 Immediately after this Historie, he putteth na other more worthie memorie than the foremost. 1604E. G[rimstone] D'Acosta's Hist. Indies v. xii. 359 There are certaine memories and discourses which say, that in this Temple the Divell did speake visibly. 1673Ray Journ. Low C. 6 There is no memory that these places were part of the Continent. 1730A. Gordon Maffei's Amphith. 57 There is no Memory of any other [Amphitheatre] to be found on Medals.
†10. An object or act serving as a memorial; a memento. Obs.
c1470Harding Chron. cxxi. iii, The Abbay of Batayle..He called it so then for a memorye Of his batayle. 1483Caxton Gold. Leg. 231/1 They fond hys rynge and one gloue whiche they brought agayn and that other the Sextayn reteyned for a wytnes and memorie. 1547Injunc. Edw. VI, xxviii. c ij b, That they shall take awaie..all shrines [etc.],..so that there remain no memory of the same, in walles, glasses, windowes, or els where. 1548–9(Mar.) Bk. Com. Prayer, Communion, And did institute, and in his holy Gospell commaund us, to celebrate a perpetuall memory of that his precious death. 1575in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxford (1880) 367 To remaine as a perpetuall memory and record of such orders. 1605Shakes. Lear iv. vii. 7 These weedes are memories of those worser houres. 1624Bedell Lett. xi. 150 It is a memorie and representation of the true Sacrifice..made on the Altar of the Crosse.
†11. A memorial tomb, shrine, chapel, or the like; a monument. Obs.
c1400Apol. Loll. 49 Men bigging þe memoryes of martres. 1579Fulke Refut. Rastel 797 Miracles worked at their chappelles or memorie. 1641Mede Apost. Latter T. 120 Those who approached the shrines of Martyrs, and prayed at their memories, and sepulchers. 1656Evelyn Diary 8 July, King Coilus..of whom I find no memory save at the pinnacle of one of their wool-staple houses, where is a statue. 1691Wood Ath. Oxon. I. 541 Jackson..was buried in the Inner Chappel..but hath no memory at all over his grave.
12. attrib. and Comb., as (sense 1) memory-bowed, memory-haunted, memory-haunting, memory-lit, memory-masking, memory-moving, memory-sweet adjs.; memory-cell, memory hole, memory-idea, memory-image, memory-judgement, memory-knowledge, memory lane, memory-mirror, memory-picture, memory-process, memory sketch, memory-stone, memory-trace, memory work; (sense 2 d) memory device, memory disc, memory element, memory store, memory unit; memory bank, the memory device of a computer; also fig. of the human memory; memory-belief, the faith, probably unverifiable, that a person has in the truth of his memories; memory book U.S., a blank book in which cuttings from newspapers and the like are pasted for preservation; a scrap-book; memory cycle Computers, (the time taken by) the process of replacing one unit of data in a memory by another; memory drug, a drug supposed to improve the memory; memory drum, (a) Psychol., a revolving device on which material to be learnt appears; also transf.; (b) a drum-shaped memory device in a computer; memory effect, an effect arising from ‘memory’ (senses 1 c, d); memory-man, a professor of mnemonics; † memory-mountebank, a quack exponent of mnemonics; memory span Psychol., the amount of material learnt under controlled conditions which is capable of being recalled; so memory-span test; memory trace Psychol., a trace hypothetically left in the nervous system by the act of memorizing.
1955Astounding Sci. Fiction Jan. 56 The *memory banks of the computers would still contain all data pertaining to the course set for the EDS. 1970E. Tidyman Shaft (1971) i. 16 Every face that passed him on the street became a deposit of his memory bank. 1971J. H. Smith Digital Logic vi. 119 A shift register is a memory bank in which the numbers may be moved. 1972J. D. Buchanan Professional v. 63 He ran the last two or three assignments through his memory bank to see whether or not they bore a residual potential for violence.
1921B. Russell Analysis of Mind ix. 159 Everything constituting a *memory-belief is happening now. Ibid., It is not logically necessary to the existence of a memory-belief that the event remembered should have occurred. 1925C. D. Broad Mind & its Place v. 233 Memory-beliefs..are not reached by inference. 1948Mind LVII. 17 According to this theory a memory-belief has an ‘intrinsic’ probability; it carries its evidence, as it were, on its face.
1931Publishers' Weekly 14 Feb. 843/1 Another demand..is that for inexpensive *memory books used by grammar school children.
1925Blunden Eng. Poems 28 And to my spirit *memory-bowed The world with all its wars and wails Seems turning slow.
1892Van Liew & Beyer tr. Ziehen's Introd. Physiol. Psychol. 156 These numerous sensory cells transmit their excitation further to one other ganglion-cell, a *memory-cell.
1964Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. CXV. 655 Most of the linc's instructions require from one to four *memory-cycle times of eight microseconds each for execution. 1970O. Dopping Computers & Data Processing x. 136 In a memory cycle, the computer can either erase the contents of a cell and write new information into it, or read the content of a cell and re-write it.
1959Times 9 Oct. 7/4 On a *memory device within the machine are stored details of the votes going to each candidate in each constituency in 1955. 1969J. J. Sparkes Transistor Switching v. 118 The commonest memory device nowadays is the ferrite magnetic core.
1961Flight LXXIX. 464/1 The equipment contains 10,000 diodes, 1,500 transistors, 3,500 resistors, 670 capacitors and a *memory disc.
1965M. Spark Mandelbaum Gate v. 129 Are these the *memory drugs? 1966New Scientist 4 Aug. 249/3 The new memory drug..is said to increase brain RNA production by 30 to 40 per cent.
1951E. R. Hilgard in S. S. Stevens Handbk. Exper. Psychol. 547 (caption) *Memory drum... The material to be memorized appears in the small aperture as the drum revolves. 1953C. E. Osgood Method & Theory Exper. Psychol. iii. xii. 502 Lists of 12 nonsense syllables..are learned in constant order on a memory drum. 1962[see fish-finder (fish n.1 7)]. 1964C. Dent Quantity Surveying by Computer iii. 22 The memory drum of a Pegasus computer. 1971Jrnl. Gen. Psychol. LXXXV. 137 Whether the results would be similar to those found with the use of the more..traditional memory drum.
1957Jrnl. Chem. Physics XXVII. 93/2 ‘*Memory’ effects..can occur particularly in nucleation processes involving condensed phases. 1971Physica LXII. 393 (heading) Memory effects and dynamical correlations in liquid argon and sodium. 1972Sci. Amer. Nov. 40/2 Hysteresis arises because of memory effects in the magnetic materials surrounding the coil.
1958Electronic Engin. XXX. 1/1 Although considerable research on switching and *memory elements is still proceeding the basic design of the digital and analogue computer is fairly well established.
1848Dickens Dombey lix, *Memory-haunted twilight. 1882‘Ouida’ Maremma I. 151 The wondrous, mysterious, memory-haunted land.
1899E. J. Chapman Drama Two Lives 14 Many a *memory-haunting face.
1949‘G. Orwell’ Nineteen Eighty-Four i. 40 When one knew that any document was due for destruction, or even when one saw a scrap of waste paper lying about, it was an automatic action to lift the flap of the nearest *memory hole and drop it in, whereupon it would be whirled away on a current of warm air to the enormous furnaces which were hidden somewhere in the recesses of the building.
1894Creighton & Titchener tr. Wundt's Lect. Human & Animal Psychol. xix. 282 *Memory-ideas are aroused by sense-perceptions, and again interrupted by new impressions.
1890W. James Princ. Psychol. I. xv. 620 He thinks it is almost entirely the amount to which the *memory-image of the first impression has faded when the second one overtakes it, which makes us feel how wide they are apart. 1895R. P. Halleck Psychol. & Psychic Culture 106 Memory images are those which most nearly represent existing things. 1904G. S. Fullerton Syst. Metaphysics iii. 37 He may easily introduce into the memory-image elements..not present..in the original. 1921B. Russell Analysis of Mind 207 A memory-image of a particular occurrence. 1964M. Critchley Developmental Dyslexia viii. 52 Orton believed that during the normal processes of early visual education, storage of memory-images of letters and words takes place in both hemispheres.
1896L. T. Hobhouse Theory of Knowl. i. i. 35, I substitute for the *memory-judgment proper..the apprehension of the content of the memory judgment as an idea. 1937Mind XLVI. 211 The only natural interpretation is to take it as questioning not the accuracy of memory-judgments but the worth of clear and distinct perception itself.
1931N. & Q. 5 Sept. 180/1 The position is illustrated and supported by comparison of our knowledge of the physical world with our *memory-knowledge. 1943Mind LII. 192 We do possess both knowledge of the past generally and memory knowledge in particular, even though we may be mistaken in particular cases.
1954Dannett & Rachel (title) *Down memory lane. 1958Times 5 June 16/6 Liberty Hall, an unhappily managed trip down memory lane. 1967A. Wilson No Laughing Matter iv. 422 You were all down Memory Lane, no doubt, judging by the laughter. 1970R. Hill Clubbable Woman vii. 203, I don't live down memory lane. What this photograph says to me is not that happiness is gone for ever, but that it's repeatable. 1973Ottawa Jrnl. 5 Feb. 11/3 It was a journey down memory lane, full of anecdotes of the good old days.
1933W. de la Mare Fleeting 72 Those eyes that, *memory-lit, Now ponder on my own.
1815Moore Epil. to ‘Ina’ 35 Nothing can surpass the plan Of that Professor— (trying to recollect) psha!—that *Memory-man.
1923Blunden To Nature 37 I'm not rejected then, my mind's delight Was not a play of *memory-masking fancy.
1938R. Graves Coll. Poems 163 Where port in Limerick glasses Glows twice as red reflected In the *memory-mirror of the waxed table.
1642Fuller Holy & Prof. St. iii. x. 174 The artificiall rules which..are delivered by *Memory-mountebanks.
1908Hardy Dynasts III. v. v. 212 Amid no *memory-moving urgencies.
1887F. Francis Saddle & Mocassin 267 One of those *memory pictures that form the pleasantest relics of travel.
1897C. H. Judd tr. Wundt's Outl. Psychol. 241 The process that arises under such circumstances is a *memory-process.
1906Daily Chron. 16 Apr. 3/5 Some clever memory sketches of the Franco-British Exhibition. 1925R. Fry Let. 7 Sept. (1972) II. 581, I managed to do one picture... This is a memory sketch of the composition.
1917H. J. Humpstone (title) Some aspects of the *memory span test. 1930R. S. Woodworth Psychol. (ed. 8) iii. 76 If the list of numbers to be memorized exceeds the memory span, several readings are necessary before it can be recited. 1951E. R. Hilgard in S. S. Stevens Handbk. Exper. Psychol. 547/2 Related to what has sometimes been called the span of attention or the span of apprehension is the immediate memory span—the number of items that can be learned in one trial when they are presented serially at a controlled rate. 1955H. E. Garrett Gen. Psychol. x. 386 One of the simplest ways of determining the efficiency of immediate memory (fixation) is to test the memory span. 1969C. N. Coffer in Talland & Waugh Path. of Memory 219, I would anticipate that the first locus of pathology would lie in the memory span, that is, the size of the core of actually retained list members.
a1847Eliza Cook To Mem. Burns ii, None that deck thy *memory-stone.
1964C. Dent Quantity Surveying by Computer iii. 19 For the computer's main *memory store, magnetic core storage is now frequently used.
1938W. de la Mare Memory 3 Still *memory-sweet its old decoy.
1924J. Rivière et al. tr. Freud's Coll. Papers I. 63 Both the *memory-trace and the affect attached to the idea are there once and for all. 1951C. T. Morgan in S. S. Stevens Handbk. Exper. Psychol. 781/1 Learning problems in which memory traces had to last some time in order for the animal to make the correct choice. 1953C. E. Osgood Method & Theory Exper. Psychol. iii. xiii. 588 The gestalt theory..must make two predictions: (1) The modifications within the memory trace for visual forms must be in the direction of reducing the stresses present in the original perception. 1967Hilgard & Atkinson Introd. Psychol. (ed. 4) xii. 321/2 This particular hypothetical construct means that the memory trace does exist and that we may some day discover its nature... Hydén has proposed the theory that ribonucleic acid (RNA) might well be the complex molecule that serves as a chemical mediator for memory.
1959Science 16 Oct. 957/1 Although tables of probabilities..containing over 300 items were used in the present study, they did not exhaust the capacity of the computer's *memory unit. 1966C. R. Tottle Sci. Engin. Materials vi. 141 Application of ferroelectrics includes memory units in computers and in capacitors.
1939F. J. Brown Sociol. Childhood 456 It has..encouraged or even compelled him to do ‘*memory work’.
(Sense 12: memory-cell now defined as below.) Add: [12.] memory board, (a) a noticeboard or other board intended as an aid to the memory or as a record of past events, etc.; (b) Computing, a board (*board n. 2 h) containing (additional) memory.
1974Times Lit. Suppl. 13 Dec. 1407/2 The tales vary from the complex and flowery to summaries so sparse they look like jottings on some medieval comic's *memory-board. 1976Laurel (Montana) Outlook 30 June 1/4 Various ‘memory boards’ that were provided by the classes will contain pictures, newspaper clippings, etc of memorable events that occurred during the high school years of that particular class. 1979Personal Computer World Nov. 3 (Advt.), Just add S100 Memory Boards—S100 disk controller boards—[etc.]. 1984Daily Tel. 3 Sept. 9/2 Most 16-bit business microcomputers are supplied with 256k bytes of memory as standard, but you will still need an additional 128k memory board slotted inside the computer.
memory cell, (a) † a nerve cell concerned with memory (obs.); (b) Computing = *cell n. 9 g; (c) Physiol., a long-lived lymphocyte capable of responding to a particular antigen on its reintroduction, long after the exposure that prompted its production.
1892Van Liew & Beyer tr. Ziehen's Introd. Physiol. Psychol. 156 These numerous sensory cells transmit their excitation further to one other ganglion-cell, a *memory-cell. 1952Proc. IRE XL. 475 (heading) A coincident-current magnetic memory cell for the storage of digital information. 1982Sci. Amer. Feb. 59/2 Each memory cell of the chip can be addressed independently. 1985C. R. Leeson et al. Textbk. Histol. (ed. 5) v. 157/1 Memory cells may live for years without growing or dividing. 1994Sci. News 28 May 344/2 Once the immune system's T cells and B cells, which make antibodies, are activated, some of them turn into memory cells.
memory chip Computing, a semiconductor chip made as a memory (e.g. a ROM or a RAM) containing many separately addressable locations.
1969IEEE Jrnl. Solid-State Circuits IV. 295/1 Address selection of present semiconductor *memory chips is based on using the 2n combinations of n binary address bits. 1979Maclean's 2 Apr. 38/3 In 1978 IBM unveiled a semiconductor memory chip containing 64,000 transistors. 1987Oxf. Mag. No. 18. 9/2 It may even be possible one day for the whole New OED to be engraved on a single memory chip inside a computer. |