| 释义 |
▪ I. merchandise, n.|ˈmɜːrtʃəndaɪz|
Forms: α. 3–7 marchandise, 3–6 -dis, marchaundise, 4 marchauntyse, Sc. -andiss, 4–6 -aundyse, 4– 7 -andize, 5 -tyse, -endise, -anddysse, 5–6 -andyse, -aundys, 5–7 -andies, 6 -aundies, -dize, -auntdyse, 6–7 -andice, -ize. β. 3 mercandise, 5 merchauntyse, -antdyse, -andyse, -aundys, 5–6 -dyse, 6 merchandice, -dys, 6– merchandize, 3– merchandise.
[a. F. marchandise (from 12th c.), f. marchand merchant.]
†1. The action or business of buying and selling goods or commodities for profit; the exchange of commodities for other commodities or for money. to be of good merchandise, to be easily marketable. to go a merchandise, to go trading. Obs. exc. arch.
1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 2199 Ȝe beþ men bet iteiȝt to..hamer & to nelde & to mercandise al so Þan wiþ suerd oþer hauberc eny bataile to do. c1320Sir Tristrem 1383 A schip..Wiþ alle þing..Þat pende to marchandis. 1382Wyclif John ii. 16 Nyle ȝe make the hous of my fadir an hous of marchaundise [L. negotiationis]. 1393Langl. P. Pl. C. iv. 110 What manere mester oþer merchaundise he vsede. 1428in Surtees Misc. (1888) 10 To..by and sell after treu cource of merchantdyse. 1452in Gross Gild Merch. II. 67 He that hawe bene aprentyse with a marchaunte at marchanddyssis. 1523Ld. Berners Froiss. I. ccccviii. 710 Ther was made a commandement yt non shuld go a marchandise into Flaunders. 1534in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxford 121 No person..shall use eny maner of marchauntdyse or marchauntdysyng. 1553Eden Treat. New Ind. (Arb.) 21 There is little trafficque or marchaundise in this region. 1585T. Washington tr. Nicholay's Voy. ii. xiii. 49 To exercise..their handicrafts and merchandises. 1652–62Heylin Cosmogr. i. (1682) 100 He fell from Merchandize, which was his first Profession, unto the study of Religion. 1685Baxter Paraphr. N.T., Mark ii. 17 These use Merchandize here. 1725De Foe Voy. round World (1840) 85, I produced three bales of English cloth, and said they would be of good merchandise at Gombaroon. 1731(title) An Essay on the Merchandise of Slaves and Souls of Men. 1817Jas. Mill Brit. India I. ii. ii. 116 Their duties are to tend cattle, to carry on merchandize, and to cultivate the ground.
†b. transf. and fig.
a1300Cursor M. 16471 Quen þat he sagh his maister sua be-casten al to care..Þan him reud his marchandis. c1380Wyclif Wks. (1880) 63 Þes synnes of robberie & sathanas marchaundise. c1400Apol. Loll. 10 O maruelous marchandies! þe Maker of man kynd takyng a soulid body of þe virgyn. 1523Ld. Berners Froiss. I. cclxxxviii. 431 Or we make yt marchandyse, we shall sell ourselfe so derely that it shall be spoken of a hundred yeres after our dethes. 1560J. Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 56 b, They establishe the marchandise of massing, and other abhominations. 1577J. Northbrooke Dicing (1843) 119 These are the fruits, and reuenues, of that wicked merchandice of dice playing. 1656Earl of Monmouth tr. Boccalini's Advts. fr. Parnass. ii. xiv. (1674) 156 [They] have turned the administration of sacred Justice into an execrable Merchandize. 1822Lamb Elia Ser. i. Distant Corresp., This sort of merchandise [sc. puns] above all requires a quick return.
c. Phr. to make (a or one's) merchandise, † to carry on or conclude a bargain (obs.); also (arch.) const. of = to traffic in (usually in bad sense).
c1290S. Eng. Leg. I. 53/3 His Marchaundise he maude a-day in þe cite of Asise. a1300Cursor M. 16490 ‘All for noght’, coth þai, ‘iudas þi marchandis es made’. c1300Harrowing of Hell 98 Hou mihtest þou on ani wise Of oþer mannes þing make marchandise? c1400Laud Troy Bk. 9673 Thei made a schrewed marchaundise: Eche slo other. c1440York Myst. xxvi. 215 But I wolde make a marchaundyse. 1483Cath. Angl. 235/1 To make Merchandyse, mercari, mercandizari, & cetera. 1531Tindale Expos. 1 John 28 They made marchaundise of open penaunce. 1565Reg. Privy Council Scot. I. 332 Nane of thame sall brek bouk, nor mak marchandice quhill the tyme that thair gudis be housit. 1611Bible Deut. xxi. 14 Thou shalt not make merchandize of her. 1642Fuller Holy & Prof. State v. xiv. 413 [They] will rather suffer their daughter to make merchandise of her chastity, than marry the richest merchant. 1774Franklin Ess. Wks. 1840 II. 394 Coin may be liable, in the fluctuation of trade, to be made a merchandise of. 1814Cary Dante, Par. xvii. 50 There [at Rome] Where gainful merchandize is made of Christ. 1863Froude Hist. Eng. VIII. 182 She said she would make no merchandise of her conscience.
2. The commodities of commerce; movables which are or may be bought and sold.
petty merchandise (16th c. pitimarchandis): small wares.
c1290S. Eng. Leg. I. 53/3 In almesdede he spendede an on pouere Men muchedel is Marchaundise. a1300Cursor M. 14723 He mani chapmen fand Serekin marchandis chepand. c1380Sir Ferumb. 4348 Þe somers schulleþ by-forn ous gon, Wyþ grete pakkes euerechon, As it were marchaundyse. 1432–50tr. Higden (Rolls) I. 145 Gothia is a region of Scythia..copious of alle kyndes of marchandise. 1522in 10th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. v. 327 Other habordasher [? = haberdash ware] and pitimarchandis broght by marchant estrangers commyng to this citie. 1523Act 14 & 15 Hen. VIII, c. 1 Any vitail, or other marchaundise. 1624Capt. Smith Virginia ii. 29 Ships of warre or marchandize. 1635R. N. Camden's Hist. Eliz. i. 57 Wooll and other English Marchandies. 1651Hobbes Leviath. ii. xxii. 119 Where but one selleth, the Merchandise is the dearer. 1734G. Sale Koran Prelim. Disc. §1. 4 A great fair or mart for all kinds of merchandize. 1825Bentham Ration. Reward 238 When an article of the produce of land or labour..is offered in exchange, it then becomes an article of commerce: it is merchandise. 1852Mrs. Stowe Uncle Tom's C. xii, A black woman..threw her arms round that unfortunate piece of merchandise before enumerated, ‘John, aged thirty’. 1903Edin. Rev. Apr. 490 Small quantities of merchandise.
†b. With plural construction. Obs.
1588Kyd Househ. Philos. Wks. (1901) 276 Heereof speaketh Tully,..that Merchandize, if they were small, were base and but of vile account; if great, not much to be dislyked. 1606Shakes. Ant. & Cl. ii. v. 104 The Marchandize which thou hast brought from Rome Are all too deere for me. c1610Bacon Impos. Merchandises Wks. 1778 II. 223 You shall find, a few merchandise only excepted, the poundage equal upon alien and subject. 1633Massinger Guardian Epil., I am left to enquire..at what rate His marchandise are valued.
†c. A kind of merchandise; a saleable commodity, an article of commerce. Obs.
c1400Mandeville (1839) xxvii. 270 The Marchauntes come not thidre so comounly, for to bye Marchandises. 1439Rolls of Parlt. V. 24/1 Chese and Buttur is a Merchaundise that may not wele be kept. 1577B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. i. (1586) 20 b, Marle..whiche caried vppon the sea in vessels is sold as a great marchandize. 1643Evelyn Diary 14 Nov., They brought us choice of guns and pistolls,..being here a merchandise of greate account. 1704Addison Italy (1733) 58 The Duties are great that are laid on Merchandises. 1758Descr. Thames 211 Cavear or Kavia is a considerable Merchandize among the Turks. 1853Whewell tr. Grotius III. 372 Nor ought there to be urged..the cases of merchandises which..are carried past the place where dues are to be paid.
d. attrib. in merchandise exports, merchandise imports, merchandise mark, merchandise traffic.
1887Act 50 & 51 Vict. c. 28 §1 This Act may be cited as the Merchandise Marks Act, 1887. 1892Daily News 22 July 2/4 Till 1st January, 1893, on which date the new classification of merchandise traffic..will come into force on all the railways. 1898Ibid. 1 Feb. 5/2 The figures show an increase of 14,700,000l...in merchandise imports and an increase of 17,700,000l...in merchandise exports.
▪ II. merchandise, v.|ˈmɜːtʃəndaɪz|
[f. prec.]
1. intr. To trade, traffic; † also, to make merchandise of. arch.
1382Wyclif Luke xix. 13 And he seide to hem, Marchaundise ȝe [Vulg. negotiamini] til I come. Ibid. 2 Pet. ii. 3 Thei shulen marchaundise of ȝou [Vulg. de vobis negotiabuntur]. 1433Rolls of Parlt. IV. 475/1 He sende..his Servant, Factour and Attournay, to marchandise ther with Wollen Cloth. 1523Ld. Berners Froiss. I. ccccviii. 711 They of Tourney durst nat marchaundyse with them of Flaunders. 1633T. Stafford Pac. Hib. i. xii. 77 Such further mischiefes, as might arise by his Subjects merchandizing with the Rebels. 1673Ess. to Revive Educ. Gentlew. 35 She could not Merchandize, without knowledge in Arithmetick. 1679Penn Addr. Prot. ii. (1692) 179 Who hath merchandized in Souls of Men. 1706Vanbrugh Mistake ii. 283 He that merchandises thus must be undone at last. 1737[S. Berington] G. di Lucca's Mem. 215 This they are doing perpetually..rather visiting than merchandizing. 1862Sala Ship Chandler iv. 65 For how many years had they not merchandised together? 1890Gross Gild Merch. I. 37 Anyone who is not of that Gild may not merchandise with them.
2. trans. To buy and sell; to barter; to traffic in. arch.
1538Elyot Dict., Add., Aginor, to marchandyse vyle thinges, or of small value. 1592Conspir. Pretended Reform. 21 Thus..they merchandized the hasard of their friends life. c1600Shakes. Sonn. cii, That loue is marchandiz'd, whose ritch esteeming, The owners tongue doth publish euery where. 1629Maxwell Herodian (1635) 115 The Romans call upon me..not [to] permit so..glorious an Empire to bee basely merchandized. 1631Massinger Emperor East iii. ii, Must I..like A prostituted creature, merchandize Our mutuall delight for hire? 1684W. Penn in Academy 11 Jan. (1896) 36/1 If it be below great men to be kind for recompence, and marchandize their Powr, it is [etc.]. 1715Rowe Lady J. Grey v. ii, Think'st thou that princes merchandize their grace, As Roman priests their pardons?
3. a. To put on the market; to promote the sale of (goods, etc.).
1926Publishers' Weekly 22 May 1687/2 When an author suddenly springs into prominence with a best seller..I would make that best seller work retroactively and I would merchandise all of his preceding books. 1959I. Ross Image Merchants (1960) xv. 270 A new breakfast food or a new form of aspirin can easily be merchandised. 1970R. Lowell Notebk. 43 This typing paper..only merchandised in Maine. 1971Daily Tel. 9 June 5/3 Books can be merchandised like other products.
b. transf. To advertise (an idea or person); to publicize; to ‘put over’.
1973J. Ryder Trevayne (1974) xxxix. 309 Andrew Trevayne could be merchandised with extraordinary effect. He has all the qualifications. 1974Radio Times 20 Jan. 9/3, I was never merchandised in my career as any kind of symbol. 1974Saturday (Charleston, S. Carolina) 20 Apr. 1-A/3 Paul said the effect of trouble will depend on how the ‘unfortunate situation’ is merchandised. |