| 释义 |
micelle Biol.|mɪˈsɛl|
Also micella (pl. micellæ |-iː|), micell.
[ad. G. micell (C. Nägeli Mikrophysik (1877) 424.)]
a. Each of the minute ordered aggregates of macromolecules from which the microfibrils of many natural and artificial fibrous materials are made up.
1881Encycl. Brit. XII. 12/1 Nägeli concluded that these structures were made up of crystalline doubly refracting particles or micellæ, each consisting of numerous atoms and impermeable by water. 1882Vines tr. Sachs' Bot. 664 note i. 1885G. L. Goodale Physiol. Bot. (1892) 218 In the adherent film of water around each micella new micellae of cellulose are supposed to be produced. 1937O. B. Darbishire tr. A. von Buzágh's Colloid Syst. vii. 133 The above structural picture of the cellulose micelle is in agreement with a number of physical and physico-chemical properties of cellulose. Chief among them is the well-known great stability of the cellulose micelle, as shown, for instance, by the insolubility of cellulose in water. 1946Nature 10 Aug. 199/2 The main component of starch..is considered to be a network of primary valency chains, which are linked in crystalline micells in which water is bound in the lattice. 1959Chambers's Encycl. III. 222/1 Later evidence suggests rather that the micelles are areas in which the molecular chains are regularly arranged and crystalline; these merge into amorphous areas with possibly some of the long chains extending from one micelle to another. 1965Micella [see crystallite 4].
b. An ultramicroscopic aggregate in a colloid consisting of some tens or hundreds of ions or molecules.
1901Jrnl. Chem. Soc. LXXX. ii. 231 A ‘micelle’ is used to denote the smallest quantity of a colloid which possesses all the physical properties of the colloid and is formed by the association of molecules of large size. 1926H. S. Hatfield tr. Freundlich's Colloid & Capillary Chem. 371 For the micella of the gold sol we must take into account the fact that foreign substances enter into its structure, which largely determine its chemical properties. 1927H. S. van Klooster tr. Kruyt's Colloids vi. 102 The micell is the particle plus the entire double layer. 1949Alexander & Johnson Colloid Sci. I. ii. 31 It is generally agreed that the physical properties of soap solutions, such as surface activity, conductivity, osmotic coefficients, solubilization of organic compounds, the Krafft phenomenon, etc., are due..to the occurrence of micelles. 1969New Scientist 21 Aug. 379/1 The granules correspond to what are generally referred to as casein micelles, being formed by the denaturation and aggregation of the milk proteins during the manufacture of cheese. 1971Nature 9 July 118/1 The bulk of DDT carried in contaminated water is probably in an organic environment, dissolved in suspended liquid fats, in soap and in detergent micelles.
Hence miˈcellar a., pertaining to or composed of micellæ.
1893W. N. Parker tr. Weismann's Germ-Plasm 474 (Index) Micellar theory. |