| 释义 |
mil|mɪl|
Also 8 mill.
[ad. L. mille thousand. In senses 2 and 3 short for L. millēsimum thousandth, on the analogy of cent 2, 3.]
1. per mil: per thousand. (Cf. per cent.)
1721C. King Brit. Merch. I. 294 Ox-bones {vb} 30400 {vb} 0.6.8 per Mill {vb} 10.2.8. 1753Hanway Trav. (1762) I. vii. lxxxviii. 407 Koeninsburg draws in current money, 1 per mil, according to custom, being deducted. 1973Sci. Amer. Feb. 66/3 Away from coastal areas..the salinity of the ocean varies from 32 to 37 grams of dissolved solid per kilogram of seawater, expressed as 32 to 37 {pmil} (The symbol {pmil} is read ‘per mil’.)
2. A proposed coin of the value of the thousandth part of a pound sterling. See also mill n.5 b. Also attrib.
1854Humphreys Coin. Brit. Emp. 149 It is proposed that the smallest coin, one thousand to the pound, shall be called a mil. 1875Jevons Money xiv. 176 The two principal schemes [of decimalization]..are the Pound and Mil scheme, and the Penny and Ten-franc scheme. 1883Encycl. Brit. XVI. 734/1 Another proposal starts from the present pound as unit. It is to be divided into 10 florins (2s.), which would contain 100 mils (or farthings reduced 4 per cent.). A new coin, 10 mils (2s. 4d.) would probably have to be introduced. 1920Rep. R. Comm. Decimal Coinage 13 in Parl. Papers (Cmd. 628) XIII. 467 The pound and mil provides no exact equivalent of the penny. Of the nearest equivalents 4 mils is 4 per cent. less, 5 mils is 20 per cent. more than the penny. 1920Glasgow Herald 10 Apr. 4 If there were any demonstrable superiority in this ‘pound mil’ system it might be worth while to face all..delays. 1960News Chron. 4 May 3/2 The day when we..pay 200 mils for a packet of cigarettes has drawn a little closer. 1963Rep. Comm. Inquiry Decimal Currency p. xiv, in Parl. Papers 1962–3 (Cmnd. 2145) XI. 195 We sometimes refer to ‘mil’ systems..as three-place decimal systems. 1967Guardian 26 Apr. 2/6 The committee..was considering an amendment to introduce the pound-florin-mil system.
3. A unit of length used in measuring the diameter of wire, = 1/1000 of an inch. circular mil, a unit of area for measuring cross-sections of wires, tubes, and rods, being the area of a circle whose diameter is one mil.
1891L. Clark Dict. Metric Meas. 1896F. Bedell Princ. Transformer xv. 306 For conductors larger than 50,000 circular mils, flat copper ribbons are always used. 1962A. Nisbett Technique Sound Studio 255 Coarse-groove. The groove normally used for 78 rpm recordings... Width 6 mils, depth 2·5 mils. 1973Sci. Amer. July 43/1 Graphite fibers, produced by the carbonization of rayon or acrylic fibers, average about a third of a mil in diameter.
4. Used in Pharmacy for millilitre.
Proposed (together with decimil for ·0001 litre, and centimil for ·00001 litre) by Mr. J. Humphreys in 1904. The three terms were authorized by the Board of Trade in 1905.
5. The name of a coin whose value is a thousandth part of the unit of currency, in Cyprus (and formerly in Palestine and Egypt) and Hong Kong.
1902Encycl. Brit. XXXI. 292/1 Hong Kong,..the denominations are..the cent and the mill in bronze. 1908G. B. Rawlings Coins xi. 317 Queen Victoria's issues for Hong Kong consisted of silver dollars, half-dollars..and mils. Ibid., The mil follows the Chinese fashion and is pierced in the centre. On the one side it has a crown, V.R., and the date, and Hong Kong One Mil. 1929Whitaker's Almanack 447 Palestine..Silver—100, 50 mils. Bronze 2, 1 mils. 1937M. Comencini Coins Mod. World 42 Palestine Mandated Territory... Currency in Mils on a decimal basis, similar to that in use in Egypt. Ibid. 106 Egypt... Currency unit:..1 Piastre of 10 Milliemes or Mils. 1956Whitaker's Almanack 783 Cyprus... 1,000 mils = {pstlg}1 Sterling. 1968C. Narbeth Coin Collectors' Encycl. 65 Cyprus... A new currency was introduced in 1955 of 100 mils (equals 2s.). 1970C. Wood Terrible Hard v. 56 ‘How much?’ ‘Forty-five mils!’ 1975G. Lyall Judas Country iii. 20, I served 'em a compulsory breakfast at 500 mils each.
6. A unit of angular measure equal to 1/1600 of a right angle, which is approximately the angle subtended by one metre at a distance of 1000 metres.
1907O. M. Lissak Ordnance & Gunnery xiii. 507 The horizontal deflection scale..is graduated, in sights for field artillery, to thousandths of the range. These gradations are called mils. 1920Carter & Arnold Field Artillery Instruction vi. 219 The angle of site scales and the deflection scales on all instruments are graduated in mils. 1920J. K. Finch Topogr. Maps 138 The vertical lines of the sketching screen, being one inch apart and twenty inches from the eye, determine an angle of fifty mils. 1941Amer. Math. Monthly XLVIII. 188 Most American mobile artillery units as well as many heavy railway mounts have the scales on their sights, azimuth circles, and quadrants graduated in mils. 1955C. R. Wylie Plane Trigonometry i. 21 Show that on any circle a central angle of 1 mil intercepts an arc whose length is approximately 1/1,000 of the radius of the circle. 1970Daily Tel. 1 June 15/7 The Services no longer measure bearings in 360 degrees but in 6,400 mills to a circle. |