| 释义 |
▪ I. moan, n.|məʊn|
Forms: 3 man, 3–4 mon, mane, 3–7 mone, 4–6 moon(e, 5–7 moane, (5 moyn), 5– moan; Sc. 4–6 mayn(e, 5–9 mane, 8 main, 9 maen.
[app. repr. an unrecorded OE. *mán:—prehistoric OE. *main-, whence *mainjan, OE. mǽnan mean v.2
The n. cannot well be identified with OE. mán wickedness (though the cognate ON. mein has the sense of ‘hurt’); perhaps its phonetic coincidence with this may be the cause of its being unrecorded in OE. The word has app. no cognates in Teut. or elsewhere, as there seems to be no sufficient ground for etymologically identifying its derivative OE. mǽnan to complain (mean v.2) with mǽnan to intend, mean, speak of (mean v.1).]
1. a. Complaint, lamentation; an instance of this, a complaint, lament. Chiefly in phr. to make (one's) moan: const. of and with obj. clause. Now always apprehended as a transferred use of sense 2.
For † to mean one's moan, see mean v.2 1 b.
a1225Ancr. R. 418 Þis is lodlich þing hwon me makeð mone in tune of ancre eihte. c1290S. Eng. Leg. I. 96/140 And huy afenge þe deth for godes loue: with-oute anie mone. c1290Beket 1264 ibid., To þe we comieth to make ore mone: of strong lif þat we ledez. a1300Cursor M. 16865 Noiþer þai gaf man, ne tok emsample gode þar-bi. c1375Sc. Leg. Saints xxvi. (Nycholas) 1137 Þane in his hart he mad mayne & sichit sare. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xii. xxvii. (1495) 430 The kite seketh his meete wepynge wyth voys of pleynynge and of moon. 1413Pilgr. Sowle (Caxton 1483) i. xv. 9, I not to whome to make my mone to. c1450Holland Howlat 41, I herd ane petuoss appele, with ane pur mane, Solpit in sorowe. a1553Udall Royster D. i. ii. (Arb.) 15 Of loue I make my mone. 1572in Digges Compl. Ambass. (1655) 343 There is very great moan made for the loss of Monsieur D'Candales. 1591Shakes. Two Gent. ii. iii. 33 Marke the moane she makes. 1720De Foe Capt. Singleton i. (1840) 18 A carpenter..made such pitiful moan to be taken in. 1832Tennyson Miller's Dau. vi, And oft I heard the tender dove In firry woodlands making moan. 1832― Mariana in South i, But ‘Ave Mary’, made she moan. Ibid. vii, ‘The day to night’, she made her moan. 1853Lynch Self-Improv. vi. 135 The moan of the idle about circumstance. 1876Freeman Norm. Conq. V. xxiii. 159 In Henry's days the people made their moan that they were ground down.
Comb.1598Florio, Querela, a complaint, a moane-making.
†b. A state of grief or lamentation. Obs.
1500–20Dunbar Poems lxxiv. 31 Behald my mayne, and mwrning merwalous. 1560Ingelend Disob. Child G iij, Thou maiest learne what griefe, sorowe and mone, Socrates had with Xantippa his wyfe. 1591Shakes. 1 Hen. VI, ii. iii. 44 Thy mirth shall turne to moane. 1600Dekker Gentle Craft Wks. 1873 I. 49 T'would kill my soule to leave thee drownd in mone. 1631Milton Epitaph M'ness Winchester 55 Here be tears of perfect moan Weept for thee in Helicon.
c. A grievance, a grumble; an ‘airing’ of complaints. orig. Services' slang.
1911‘Guns’ & ‘Theeluker’ Middle Watch Musings 12 ‘Guard and Steerage 'ammicks, Sir!’ I wake up with a groan; Why can't I sleep till 7 a.m.? Once more I had a moan. 1927Daily Express 5 Oct. 3/4 The midshipmen fling their moanful forms into chairs, and one says:—‘Come on, you chaps, let's have a moan!’ 1942‘Duggie’ in Forbes & Allen Ten Fighter Boys 20 We all had a moan to the C.O. about it, and he in turn was in full agreement. 1974Times 6 Apr. 14/8 It's the one moan I have about international rugby. There ought..to be referees from neutral countries.
2. a. In mod. use, with onomatopœic suggestion: A prolonged low inarticulate murmur indicative of physical or mental suffering.
Differing from groan in that it suggests a sound less harsh and deep, and produced rather by continuous pain than by a particular access or paroxysm.
1673Milton Sonn., Massacre Piedmont, Avenge O Lord thy slaughter'd Saints... Their moans The Vales redoubl'd to the Hills. 1708Pope Ode St. Cecilia 60 Sullen moans, Hollow groans, And cries of tortured ghosts! 1789Blake Songs Innoc., Cradle Song, Sweet moans, dove-like sighs. 1808J. Mayne Siller Gun iv. viii, John answer'd only wi' his tears, Or made a maen! [1836, iii. vii, mane.] 1864Tennyson Boadicea 25 Phantom sound of blows descending, moan of an enemy massacred.
b. transf. of the low, plaintive sound produced by the wind, water, etc.
1813Scott Trierm. iii. Introd. iii, See how the little runnels leap, In threads of silver, down the steep, To swell the brooklet's moan! 1832Tennyson Pal. Art 280 [He] hears the low Moan of an unknown sea. 1860Tyndall Glac. i. xxvii. 211 The moan of the adjacent pines chimed in noble harmony.
▪ II. moan, v.|məʊn|
Forms: (? 5), 6–7 mone, (? 5 moone), 6–7 moane, 6– moan, 9 Sc. mane, maen.
[f. the n., a new formation taking the place of the older mean v.2
It is doubtful whether the vb. moan occurs before the 16th c. Mone is often a misprint or editorial misreading for moue = move; in other instances the rimes show that the word is mone v. (= mun). The two 15th c. instances here given may be genuine, but possibly the true readings are mene, mournyd.]
1. a. trans. To complain of, lament (something); to lament for (a dead person); to bemoan, bewail. Const. with simple object and object clause.
[1471: see moaned ppl. a.] a1548Hall Chron., Hen. VIII 68 b, Their fall was litle moned emong wise men. 1605Stow Ann. 780 This man was greatly moaned of the people. a1677Barrow Serm. Wks. 1716 II. 38 Doth not every man moan the scantness of his lot? 1749Smollett Regicide iii. ii, The sick Wretch who moan'd the tedious Night. 1816Scott Antiq. xl, Na, na, I maun never maen doing and suffering for the Countess Joscelin. 1848Thackeray Van. Fair xiv, She..bitterly moaned the fickleness of her Matilda.
†b. refl. To lament or bewail one's lot, to ‘make one's moan’; = mean v.2 2 d. Const. to. Obs.
c1425Castle Persev. 1632 in Macro Plays 125 Mankynde! take kepe of chastyte, & mone [printed moue; but cf. quots. under mean v.2] þee to maydyn Marye. 1548Cranmer Catech. 148 b, God hath commaunded us to..mone ourselues to him in all our troubles and aduersities. 1642Rogers Naaman 48 You should rouze up yourselves and moan yourselves to the Lord.
†2. To condole with (a person); to pity. Obs.
1593Tell-Troth's N.Y. Gift (1876) 24 He looked to have his wife rebuked and himselfe moned. 1596Danett tr. Comines (1614) 332 If this misery had fallen but vpon them only that made this composition, they had not been greatly to be moned. 1669Dryden Wild Gallant iii. i, Non. What! Does he take no pity on me? Const. Prithee moane him Isabelle.
3. a. intr. To make complaint or lamentation. Const. of, for. Now only arch. or poet., coloured by association with sense 4.
1593Queen Elizabeth Boethius i. pr. v. 15 Of our complaynt [thou] haste moned [L. doluisti], & bewaylde the wrack of estymations Loste. 1593Shakes. Lucr. 977 Let there bechance him pitifull mischances, To make him mone. 1650Sc. Metr. Psalms cii. 6, I like an owl in desert am, that nightly there doth moan. 1725Pope Odyss. xi. 100 Still as I spoke the phantom seem'd to moan, Tear followed tear, and groan succeeded groan. 1833Tennyson May Queen Conclus. xiv, And what is life, that we should moan? 1855G. Brimley Ess., Angel in Ho. 206 We listen to the fierce Achilles moaning for his lost mistress.
†b. trans. (causatively) To cause to lament, to grieve (a person). Obs. rare—1. (Perh. moans is a misreading for moves.)
a1625Fletcher, etc. Fair Maid Inn. v. i, And yet my wife (which infinitly moanes me) Intends [etc.].
c. (See quot. 1925.) orig. Services' slang.
a1922T. S. Eliot Waste Land Drafts (1971) 57 line 42 So this injurious race was sullen, and kicked; Complained too of the ship... So the crew moaned. 1925Fraser & Gibbons Soldier & Sailor Words 156 To moan, to complain, to grumble, to be a pessimist. (Navy—equivalent to the Army ‘grouse’.) 1948Landfall II. 112 He felt through his pockets for a cigarette, found a butt and lit it. Why moan?
4. a. intr. To make a low mournful sound indicative of physical or mental suffering. Cf. moan n. 2.
1724[see moaning vbl. n.]. 1798Wordsw. We are seven xiii, In bed she moaning lay. 1819Shelley Cenci iii. ii. 79 The house-dog moans, and the beams crack. 1828D'Israeli Chas. I, II. x. 245 The King..throwing himself on the bed..passionately moaned, shedding abundant tears. 1871R. Ellis tr. Catullus lxiv. 119 Mother, who o'er that child moan'd desperate, all heartbroken.
b. transf. of inanimate things.
1805Scott Last Minstr. i. xii, She sits..And listens to a heavy sound That moans the mossy turrets round. 1851Kingsley Song, Three Fishers, For men must work..Though the harbour bar be moaning. 1902A. B. Davidson Called of God x. 267 You hear..the forests moan.
5. trans. To utter moaningly. Also with forth.
1819Keats St. Agnes xxxiv, Fair Madeline began to weep And moan forth witless words. 1822Shelley Dirge, Rough wind, that moanest loud Grief too sad for song. 1859Tennyson Guinevere 130 And in herself she moan'd ‘Too late, too late!’ 1878Browning La Saisiaz 75 Melodious moaned the other ‘Dying day with dolphin-hues.’
Hence † moaned ppl. a., lamented.
1471Sir J. Paston in P. Lett. III. 4 Ther was kyllyd uppon the ffelde..Sir Omffrey Bowghsher off owr contre, whyche is a sore moonyd man her. |