| 释义 |
monastic, a. and n.|məˈnæstɪk|
[ad. med.L. monastic-us, a. late Gr. µοναστικός (lit. ‘pertaining to solitary life’), f. µονάζειν to live alone: see monastery. Cf. F. monastique (14th c.), Sp. monástico, Pg., It. monastico.]
A. adj.
†1. See quot. (prob. a misapprehended use).
c1449Pecock Repr. i. xviii. 107 In lengthe of tyme ful greet chaunge is alwey maad in..the circumstauncis of politik gouernauncis, ȝhe, and of monastik gouernauncis (that is to seie, of gouernauncis bi whiche oon man gouerneth him silf aloon).
2. Pertaining to or characteristic of persons living in seclusion from the world under religious vows and subject to a fixed rule, as monks, nuns, friars, etc.; pertaining to monasteries.
1600Shakes. A.Y.L. iii. ii. 441 To forsweare the ful stream of y⊇ world, and to liue in a nooke meerly Monastick. 1622Drayton Poly-olb. xxiv. 444 He [Saint Gregory] at Myniard led A strict monastic life, a Saint alive and dead. a1631Donne Elegy Mris. Boulstred 69 He sinkes the deepe Where harmelesse fish monastique silence keepe. 1664H. More Myst. Iniq. 447 Out of which luckless Representation..this Monastick Legend seems to be framed. 1769Robertson Chas. V, vi. Wks. 1851 IV. 147 The three vows of poverty, of chastity, and of monastic obedience, which are common to all the orders of regulars. Ibid. 148 The primary object of almost all the monastic orders is to separate men from the world. 1806Gazetteer Scotl. (ed. 2) 250 Ruins of monastic buildings. 1861M. Pattison Ess. (1889) I. 47 The inmates..were submitted to an almost monastic discipline. 1872Yeats Growth Comm. 333 Monastic lands..yielded a scanty produce.
3. Bookbinding. The distinctive epithet of a method of finishing by tooling without gold. More commonly called ‘antique’.
1880J. W. Zaehnsdorf Bookbinding xxii. 111 Finishing is divided into two classes—blind or antique, or as it is sometimes called, monastic and gold-finished. 1885W. J. E. Crane Bookbinding for Amateurs xx. 162.
B. n. A member of a monastic order; a monk.
1632Lithgow Trav. x. 474 Your order..by all the other Monasticks, is hated. 1721R. Keith tr. T. à Kempis Vall. Lillies Pref. 7 The pious Author having been a Monastick or Brother of the Order of St. Augustine. 1860Hook Lives Abps. I. v. 226 [They] are warned not to give to seculars or monastics an example of..wicked conversation.
transf.1864Lowell Fireside Trav. 26 His pie-plants.., compulsory monastics, blanched under barrels, each in his little hermitage, a vegetable Certosa.
Hence † moˈnasticly adv., in a monastic manner.
1596Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. iv. 227 Quhair, quhen thair lyfe he monastiklie had informed, a Magnifik Monasterie..he erected.
Add:[A.] [2.] b. Resembling or suggestive of monks, their way of life, or their environment; austere, silent, secluded.
a1631Donne Elegie Mris. Boulstred in Poems (1633) 69 He sinkes the deepe Where harmelesse fish monastique silence keepe. 1835Fraser's Mag. XII. 362 Bologna: a piazzaed town; cold, dull, and monastic. 1876F. Kilvert Diary 25 May (1940) III. 318 They [sc. the cloisters of New College] have an air of higher antiquity and a more severely monastic look. 1940W. Faulkner Hamlet ii. i. 102 The lectures, the learning and wisdom.., the ivied walls and monastic rooms impregnated with it. 1989Newsday (Nassau ed.) 2 Oct. ii. 11/1 In his final years, Gould lived a life of monastic seclusion on the ground floor of a resort hotel in Toronto. |