| 释义 |
▪ I. moor, n.1|mʊə(r), mɔə(r)|
Forms: 1 mór, 3–5 mor, 3–8 more, 4–5 mur, Sc. mwr(e, 4–6 mure, 5–7 moore, 8–9 Sc. muir, 7– moor.
[OE. mór masc. = MDu., Du. moer neut., MLG. môr, moor (whence mod.G. moor neut., Da. mor), OHG. muor neut.:—OTeut. *môro-, whence *môrjâ fem., represented in OHG. muorra str. fem., ON. mœ́r-r fem., moorland.
ON. had mó-r in the same sense; but this must be wholly unconnected, unless the -ro of OTeut. *môro- be a suffix, the pre-Teut. root being *mō- (: mə-, as possibly in *mə-ri mere n.1). Most scholars, however, regard the r as belonging to the root, which they consider to be an ablaut variant of *mer-, mr̥- to die, so that the primitive sense of the n. would be ‘dead’ or barren land.]
1. a. A tract of unenclosed waste ground; now usually, uncultivated ground covered with heather; a heath. Also, a tract of ground strictly preserved for shooting.
Beowulf 103 Se þe moras heold, fen and fæsten. Ibid. 1405 Ofer myrcan mor. c1205Lay. 4817 Meduwen and mores & þa hæᵹe muntes. a1340Hampole Psalter lxxvii. 18 He brake þe stane in þe more [Vulg. in eremo]. 1375Barbour Bruce vii. 108 Syne in a mwre thai enterit ar, That wes bath hee & lang & braid. 1390Gower Conf. II. 95 The Ro, which renneth on the Mor, Is thanne noght so lyht as I. 14..Customs of Malton in Surtees Misc. (1888) 58 It was grauntyd..pastur' to all þe bestes in þe feyldes and in þe more. c1470Henry Wallace iii. 60 Wyth thar serwandis fra Ricardtoun thai raid To Mawchtlyne mur. 1596Dalyrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scotl. I. 17 Heir I say is ane gold mynde in Craufurde mure. 1602Shakes. Ham. iii. iv. 67 Could you on this faire Mountaine leaue to feed, And batten on this Moore? 1776Adam Smith W.N. i. xi. (1869) I. 155 The most desert moors in Norway and Scotland produce some sort of pasture. 1785Burns Holy Fair i, The risin' sun owre Galston muirs, Wi' glorious light was glintin. 1846McCulloch Acc. Brit. Empire (1854) I. 16 The Yorkshire moors are by far the most extensive and important of any in the kingdom. 1860Emerson Cond. Life, Culture Wks. (Bohn) II. 371 In the country he can find..moors for game, hills for geology, and groves for devotion. 1886Times (weekly ed.) 6 Aug. 13/3 The moors thrown on the market for the year hung heavily on hand at first.
b. spec. (Usu. with capital initial.) Dartmoor Prison (cf. Dartmoor b).
1869F. Henderson Six Yrs. in Prisons Eng. xix. 228 ‘How long were you at the Moor, Dick?’ ‘Three years.’ 1924E. Wallace Room 13 vii. 69, I was on the ‘moor’ with him. 1939[see island n. 1 d]. 1958F. Norman Bang to Rights i. 22 I'm doing a bleeding neves. I'll be going down the Moor soon that will be the third poxy time. 1962D. Warner Death of Bogey iv. iii. 146 A stretch in the Ville or on the Moor. 1967C. Drummond Death at Furlong Post xvi. 192 There's nothing like the Moor, T.B. more or less guaranteed after fifteen years. 1968Guardian 3 Jan. 5/3 One more stretch for GBH, then down to the Moor.
2. † A marsh (obs.); also dial. (see quot. 1883).
1441Tintinhull Churchw. Acc. (Som. Rec. Soc.) 180 Et de segitibus venditis in le more hoc anno [etc.]..xs. c1475Pict. Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 797/9 Hec Palis, a more. 1591Spenser Virg. Gnat 230 Therto the frogs, bred in the slimie scowring Of the moist moores, their jarring voices bent. 1701A. de la Pryme in Phil. Trans. XXII. 982 Acorns have frequently been found at the bottom of the Soil of those Levels and Mores. 1706Phillips (ed. Kersey), Moor..is now commonly taken for a Marsh, or Fen. 1787Winter Syst. Husb. 25 Moors and Bogs generally consist of rotten trees, roots of weeds, and other half dissolved vegetable substances. 1883Grant Allen Colin Clout's Calendar xxxviii. 228 In Yorkshire a moor means a high stretch of undulating heath-covered rock; whereas in Somerset it means a low flat level of former marshland, reclaimed and drained by means of numerous ‘rhines’.
3. dial. The soil of which moorland consists; peat.
1596Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. I. 9 Ruch, scharpe and hard hillis full of mosse, more and marrase. 1610W. Folkingham Art of Survey 3 The vulgar [species of the earth] is either simple as Clay, Moulde, Moor, Gravell, Sande. 1799J. Robertson Agric. Perth 25 A thin stratum of moss, where the subsoil is gravel or sand, is called Moor. 1877Skertchly Geol. Fenland 138 The word peat is quite unknown among the agricultural population of the fens. The substance is called turf, and where thin, or so weathered as to be unfit for fuel, the term moor is applied.
4. Cornwall.
a. A moor or waste land where tin is found; hence moor-house, moor-tin, moor-works (see quots. 1602, 1778).
b. (See quots. 1778, 1860.)
1602Carew Cornwall 8 Under this title [Streamworke], they comprise also the Moore workes. Ibid. 15 b, A foote of good Moore-tyn (which is counted the best sort) will way about fourescore pound. Ibid. 18 The Tynners of the whole shire are deuided into foure quarters, two called Moores, of the places where the Tynne is wrought, viz. Foy moore, and Black moore: the other Tiwarnaill and Penwith. 1778Pryce Min. Cornub. 316 But if the place or Mine lies low, it is usual to say, ‘He is gone to Moor;’ if in the valley, they say, ‘He is gone to Coomb.’ Ibid. 324 Moor... This word signifies a root or a quantity of Ore in a particular part of the Lode; as ‘A Moor of Ore’. ‘A Moor of Tin’. Ibid., Moorhouse, a hovel built with turf for workmen to change cloaths in. A Coe, Derby. 1860Eng. & For. Min. Gloss. (Cornw. Terms), More, a quantity of ore in a particular part of a lode, as a ‘more’ of tin.
5. attrib. and Comb., as moor-dike, moor-keeper, moor-owner, moor-side, moor-wind; moor-bred, moor-haunting adjs.
1603Drayton Barons Wars vi. lxiv. 147 The *more-bred Mallard.
1579Mem. St. Giles, Durham (Surtees) 1 Payde to Rycharde gylson for sixe dayes..at the *more dycke for layinge up earthe to y⊇ whicke.
1871W. Morris in Mackail Life (1899) I. 234 With a wild musical note, like all the *moor-haunting birds.
1891Pall Mall G. 1 July 5/1 The *moor-keepers state that searches for grouse-nests during April proved most successful.
1915R. Lankester Diversions of Naturalist v. 47 One *moor-owner was able to boast that he had on several occasions killed over 500 head of grouse in a single day. 1971Country Life 12 Aug. 396/1 For the moor-owner grouse soon became more profitable than sheep.
c1470Henry Wallace v. 131 At the *mur syde.
1813Vancouver Agric. Devon 282 Those cold and blighting vapours carried by the *moor⁓winds through all the country below. 1902R. W. Chambers Maids of Paradise xvii, To my numbed ears the moor⁓winds bore a sound coming from a great distance.
6. Special comb.: moor-band, a hard substratum of the soil found in moorland, consisting of clay, iron ore, and small stones, and impervious to moisture; called also moor-band pan; moor-bath [after G. moorbad], a therapeutic procedure in which the patient is buried up to the neck in peat taken from a bog; moor-coal, † (a) ? peat used for burning (obs.); (b) a friable variety of lignite [after G. moorkohle (Werner)]; † moor-earth, peaty soil; moor-evil, a kind of dysentery in sheep and cattle; † moor-fen, a marsh; † moor grieve, an overseer of a moor; moor-hag, broken ground from which peats have been dug; = peat hag (see peat1 4 d); moor-head, the highest part of a moor; moor-house (see 4); moor-ill = moor evil; moor-master, † (a) an officer of the corporation of York; (b) in Cumberland ‘the superintendent (not captain) of a mine’ (Linton Lake Country, 1864, p. 308); moor-pan = moor-band; moor peat, peat derived chiefly from varieties of sphagnum or moss (Cent. Dict.); moor planter (see quots.); moor-sick a., affected with moor-sickness; moor-sickness, a disease of sheep = moor-evil; moor-tin, -works (see 4).
1800Tuke Agric. N. Riding 10 There is some cold thin clay upon what is here called a *moorband. 1844Stephens Bk. Farm I. 670 Moor-band pan belongs to a class of bodies known to chemists under the name of ochrey deposites. 1882Geikie Text-bk. Geol. iii. ii. ii. §2. 354 A dark ferruginous layer known to Scottish farmers as ‘moorband-pan’.
1878tr. von Ziemssen's Cycl. Med. XIII. 170 *Moor-Baths and Mud Baths, so-called form a separate class.
1562Act 5 Eliz. c. 4 §6 Woorking..of any..Stone Sea Cole, Stone Cole, *Moore Cole or Cherk Cole. 1816Jameson Syst. Min. (ed. 2) II. 378 Moor-Coal or Trapezoidal Coal.
1607Norden Surv. Dial. iv. 229 Many fetch *Moore-earth or Murgion from the river betweene Colebrooke and Uxbridge, and carry it to their barren grounds.
1749W. Ellis Compl. Syst. Sheep, etc. iii. v. 321 What they call Wood-Evil in some other Parts, they call it here the *Moor-Evil, because they conceive it is bred in a Sheep or Lamb, by its lying on moory, cold Ground. 1787A. Croke Short View Otmoor 8 The larger cattle are frequently visited by an epidemical distemper called the Moor-evil. 1847W. C. L. Martin Ox 151 Wood-evil, moor-evil, or pantas.
c1205Lay. 20164 Swa doð þe wilde cron i þan *moruenne [c 1275 mor-fenne].
1590Reg. Privy Council Scot. IV. 499 Thomas Strauchane, his *mure greiff.
1814W. Nicholson Tales in Verse 241 The *moor-haggs were wide—but he sten'd them.
1637–50Row Hist. Kirk (Wodrow Soc.) 557, I hope if I may rule my familie on a *moorhead, may my neighbours in a citie robbe me of my priviledge because I have nighbours?
1798R. Douglas Agric. Roxb. 150 Cattle..are seized frequently with a serious and alarming disease called the wood-ill, and sometimes the *moor-ill. 1816Scott Bl. Dwarf x. Though he helped Lambside's cow weel out o' the moor-ill.
1785Hist. & Antiq. York (1788) I. 249 The chamberlains..had two assistants, called bridge⁓masters, and *mure-masters.
1846J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) II. 306 The sub-soil plough was used for breaking the *moor-pan.
1832Planting 35 in Libr. Usef. Knowl., Husb. III, Slit planting..is performed..by the *moor planter. Ibid., The moor planter is a heavy instrument, consisting of a wooden shaft and handle two feet nine inches in length, terminated by a single slightly curved prong of well tempered iron or steel.
1811in W. Marshall Rev. South. Rep. to Board Agric. 532 Sheep pastured on these moors..become what is called *moor-sick.
1814J. Shirreff Agric. Surv. Shetl. 66 A pining, or wasting, called provincially the *moor-sickness, affects sheep, chiefly in autumn.
b. In names of plants: moor-ball, a sponge-like ball formed by the threads of a fresh-water alga, Conferva ægagropila; moor-berry, any plant of the genus Vaccinium, esp. the bog bilberry (Vaccinium uliginosum) and the cranberry (V. oxycoccos); moor myrtle, Myrica Gale (Britten & Holland Plant-n.); moor-palm, (a) the flower of the Carex or sedge tribe; (b) the flower of the Eriophorum or cotton-rush; (c) the catkin of the dwarf sallow, Salix aurita; moor-silk = moor-palm (b); moor-wort, † (a) in OE., some unidentified plant, conjectured by some to be the sundew; (b) Andromeda polifolia.
1777Robson Brit. Flora 318 Conferva ægrogropila..*Moor-balls. 1866Treas. Bot. s.v., Moorballs are sometimes used as pen-wipers.
1760J. Lee Introd. Bot. App. 319 *Moor Berries, Vaccinium. 1777Robson Brit. Flora 56 Vaccinium Oxycoccus..Cranberry,..Moorberry.
1788W. Marshall Yorksh. II. 342 *Moor-pawms (that is, Moor-Palms), the flowers of the carex tribe [ed. 2, 1796, II. 333, the flowers of eriophorum, the cotton rush]. 1849Sidonia Sorc. II. 46 From the quantity of moor-palms (Eriophorum Vaginatum) which grow in their numerous rich meadows. 1888F. A. Lees Flora W. Yorks. 406 Salix aurita L. Dwarf Sallow. ‘Moor-palm’. Ibid. 470 Carex binervis Sm. ‘Seggs’. ‘Moor Palms’—the polliniferous catkins in bloom.
c1882J. Lucas Stud. Nidderdale 10 In the spring the sheep feed greedily on the flowers of the *moor-silk (cotton-grass).
c1000Sax. Leechd. II. 128 Of þæne smalan *mor-wyrte. 1776Withering Brit. Plants (1796) II. 373 Andromeda Daboecia. Linn. Irish Wort, or Moorwort.
c. In names of animals: moor-bird, a bird that nests in the moors, esp. the common grouse, Tetrao lagopus; moor blackbird (see quot.); moor-buzzard, the marsh harrier, Circus æruginosus; moor coot, the common gallinule or water hen, Gallinula chloropus; moor-fly, a fly used by anglers; cf. moorish fly; moor game, the red grouse, Lagopus scoticus; also rarely, the black grouse, Tetrao tetrix; moor harrier, the marsh harrier; moor hawk = moor buzzard (Swainson 1885); moor-tetter, -tit, titling, (a) the stone-chat, Pratincola rubicola; (b) the meadow-pipit, Anthus pratensis.
1812Anne Plumptre tr. Lichtenstein's Trav. S. Afr. I. 224 Woods and level green valleys, with ponds in them, in which were large flocks of *moor-birds. 1900H. Sutcliffe Shameless Wayne v, Moor-birds were clamorous up above her head.
1839Macgillivray Brit. Birds II. 100 Turdus torquatus. The Ringed Thrush, or Ring Ouzel... *Moor Blackbird.
1678Ray Willughby's Ornith. 75 The *More-Buzzard: Milvus æruginosus..common to be seen in Heaths and Wasts.
1605Drayton Man in Moone 186 The Teale and *Morecoot raking in the Weed. 1831G. Montagu's Ornith. Dict. 327 Moor coot and Moor hen, names for the Gallinule.
1653Walton Angler iv. 97 The *moor flie.
1611Cotgr., Poule griesche,..the henne of the Grice, or *Mooregame. 1769Mrs. Raffald Eng. Housekpr. (1805) 52 To pot red and black Moor Game. 1846J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) I. 333 The red grouse, or moor game, is found upon most of the mountainous districts in the United Kingdom.
1840Macgillivray Brit. Birds III. 382 Circus æruginosus. The Marsh Harrier... *Moor Harrier. Moor Buzzard.
1544Turner Avium Præcip. I 1 b, Qualis est avicula Anglis stonechattera aut *mortettera dicta. 1668Charleton Onomasticon 91 Rubetra, Rubicola..the Stone⁓chatter... Mortetter, or Black Cap.
1885Swainson Prov. Names Birds 45 Meadow Pipit (Anthus pratensis)... *Moor tit. 1900H. Sutcliffe Shameless Wayne iii, Thou look'st scared as a moor-tit.
a1672Willughby Ornithol. ii. xv. (1676) 169 The *Moor-Titling: The Stone-smich or Stone⁓chatter. 1855Eng. Cycl., Nat. Hist. III. 894 Moor-titling, one of the names of the..Stone-Chat,..Saxicola rubicola.
▪ II. moor, n.3 Naut.|mʊə(r), mɔə(r)|
[f. moor v.1]
An act of mooring. flying (or running) moor (see quot. 1883).
1750T. R. Blanckley Nav. Expositor, Moar, signifies the laying out the Anchors of a Ship so, as is best and safest for her Riding. 1883Clark Russell Sailors' Lang., Flying moor, letting go a weather anchor whilst the ship has way, and then, when the cable range is nearly out, letting go the other anchor. 1893Sloane-Stanley Remin. Midshipm. Life xxxii. 437 The Queen..ran into Beikos, and there made a running moor, which was well performed.
attrib.1906Daily Chron. 19 Nov. 5/5 In being cast out of the boat they actually fell upon the moor rope.
▪ III. moor, v.1|mʊə(r), mɔə(r)|
Also 5, 7 more, 6–8 moore, 7 moar.
[Early mod.E. more; prob., in spite of its late occurrence, repr. OE. *márian, corresponding to MDu. (according to Kluyver originally Frisian, which accounts for the vowel) mâren to moor (a vessel), tie up (an animal):—WG. *mairôjan, a parallel formation with *mairjan, whence OE. *mǽran (not recorded, but implied by the derivative mǽrels mooring-rope), MDu. mêren (mod.Du. meren) to moor (a vessel). The word passed from Teut. into Fr. as amarrer (13th c.), for which the simple marer occurs in OF.
The MDu. merren, marren to moor (whence marline) resulted from a confusion of this vb. with merren, marren to delay, hinder (mod.Du. only marren intr., to loiter, delay, hesitate), cogn. w. mar v.]
1. trans. To secure (a ship, boat, or other floating object) in a particular place by means of chains or ropes, which are either fastened to the shore or to anchors.
[1495: see mooring vbl. n.] 1497Naval Acc. Hen. VII (1896) 239 Yron chaynes..that the seid Ship was mored & Rode by in Portesmouth haven. 1540in R. G. Marsden Sel. Pl. Crt. Adm. (1894) I. 91 The said shippe..being not moryd came rydyng with thee floode by force. 1577J. Northbrooke Dicing (1843) 64 If it bee lawfull (as Christ sayth)..to moore a ship faster that is ready to runne against the rockes. 1653H. Cogan tr. Pinto's Trav. v. 12 They had moored up the Galley. 1769Falconer Dict. Marine (1780) Cc 3, A ship may be either moored by the head..or by the head and stern. 1793Smeaton Edystone L. §102 A transport buoy..was moored with chains at the distance of about fifty fathoms directly North from the Gut. 1810Scott Lady of L. i. xxiv, Until the rocky isle they reach, And moor their shallop on the beach. 1840R. H. Dana Bef. Mast xv, Until night, we were employed in getting out the boats and mooring ship. 1896Mrs. Caffyn Quaker Grandmother 301 I'll..moor up the boat at our landing-place.
†b. to moor anchor, to anchor. Obs.
1600Hakluyt Voy. III. 66 The Michael mored ancker vpon this great yce. 1621,1647[see d].
c. refl. or in pass. with personal subject.
1614Raleigh Hist. World v. i. §4. 331 They therefore not only mored themselues strongly by their Anchors, but chained the sides of their Gallies together. 1748Anson's Voy. ii. i. 112 We carried our hawsers on board her, in order to moor ourselves nearer in shore. 1877C. W. Thomson Voy. Challenger I. ii. 109 About mid-day we were moored in the Tagus off the town.
d. transf. and fig.
1621T. Williamson tr. Goulart's Wise Vieillard 179 Who hath commaunded you to moore your ancher of hope in such a little lump of dust as man is? 1647Ward Simp. Cobler (1843) 20 Those men never Moored their Anchors well in the firme soile of Heaven, that are weather-waft up and down with every eddy-wind of every new doctrine. 1742Young Nt. Th. ix. 597 Thou, whose heart, Whose little heart, is moor'd within a nook Of this obscure Terrestrial. 1856Stanley Sinai & Pal. i. (1858) 65 The camels as they lie, like stranded ships, moored round the tents. 1860Tyndall Glac. i. xxv. 185 Moored to the rock on two sides, the cabin stood firm.
2. absol. and intr.
a. To secure one's ship (etc.) in a particular place; to anchor.
1627Capt. Smith Seaman's Gram. ix. 45 More Crosse. To More a crosse is to lay one anchor to one side of the streame, and the other to the other right against one another, and so they beare equally ebbe and flood. Ibid., More Prouiso. To more a Prouiso, is to haue one anchor in the riuer, and a hawser a shore, which is mored with her head a shore. Ibid., Two cables is the least, and foure cables the best to more by. 1667Milton P.L. i. 207 The Pilot of some small night-founder'd Skiff,..With fixed Anchor in his skaly rind Moors by his side under the Lee. 1678Phillips (ed. 4), To Moor alongst, is to lay an Anchor amidst the stream, a Head, and another a Stern, when you fear driving ashore. 1688R. Holme Armoury iii. 165/1 Mooring Water-shot, that is quartering between both [anchors]. 1748Anson's Voy. ii. i. 114 Cumberland Bay, where we moored. 1877A. B. Edwards Up Nile xxi. 641 Most travellers moor for a day or two at Karnak.
b. Of a ship: To be made secure by means of anchors; to take up a particular position at anchor.
1697Dryden æneid vi. 1246 At length on Oozy ground his Gallies moor. 1701in Picton L'pool Munic. Rec. (1883) I. 308 Such ships..shall moore West Nor-west and East Southeast. 1875J. H. Bennet Winter Medit. ii. xi. 364 A solid granite quay, that enables small vessels to moor close to land.
c. With up: to secure a seaplane; of a seaplane, to be made secure.
1936[see Grabbit boat hook]. 1942Times 3 Sept. 5/7 Night was slowly mastering daylight as we..landed, to moor up near some naval patrol boats.
Hence moored ppl. a.
1867J. Ingelow Christ's Resurrect. x, Swaying on a purple sea, The many moored galleys clustering at her quay. 1900Daily News 24 Sept. 8/7 A violent collision with the moored barges followed.
▪ IV. moor, v.2|mʊə(r), mɔə(r)|
[Prob. f. moor n.1 Cf. moor-evil.]
intr. Of cattle: To evacuate sanguineous urine. Hence ˈmooring vbl. n.
1737Bracken Farriery Impr. (1756) I. 257 Cattle which piss Blood, or have the Mooring, as they call it. 1775J. Watson Hist. Halifax 543 Moor, as a cow does, when her water is mixed with blood. 1824–8Craven Dial. s.v., When cattle are inflicted with a disease which occasions bloody urine, they are said to be moored... Some attribute it to coarse grass in marshy grounds.
▪ V. moor
see moar, mohur, more, mort. |