| 释义 |
morphology|mɔːˈfɒlədʒɪ|
[f. Gr. µορϕ-ή form + -logy.]
The science of form.
I.
1. Biol. That branch of biology which is concerned with the form of animals and plants, and of the structures, homologies, and metamorphoses which govern or influence that form.
1830R. Knox Cloquet's Anat. 2 It is to this kind of investigation, which has by some been named Morphology, that anatomy belongs. 1859J. R. Greene Protozoa Introd. 17 By some the word ‘morphology’ is employed in a restricted sense, to signify the study of homologous organs. 1880Gray Struct. Bot. 5 note, The term Morphology was introduced into science by Goethe, at least as early as the year 1817.
2. Philol.
a. The branch of grammar which is concerned with the form of words (including word-formation and inflexion).
1869Farrar Fam. Speech iv. 118 By the morphology of a language we mean the general laws of its grammatical structure. 1871Public Sch. Lat. Gram. 21 Morphology or Wordlore..has three divisions:—I. Flexion. II. Derivation. III. Composition. 1907Athenæum 2 Mar. 256/1 Two volumes—one dealing with phonology, morphology, and inflexions, and the other with syntax.
b. Appos., as morphology-syntax. Comb., as morphology-based adj.
1965H. A. Gleason Linguistics & Eng. Gram. vi. 118 ‘Preposition’ is available and not needed in the morphology-based system.
1945–9Acta Linguistica V. 125 A problem in morphology-syntax division. 1964P. L. Garvin On Linguistic Method 157 Morphemic analysis [is]..primarily syntactic for those languages to which the morphology-syntax division applies.
3. gen. The history of variation in form.
1885C. F. Keary in Numism. Chron. V. 165 By the morphology of coins I mean the history of those changes in their form which have resulted..from influences which..are always affecting..the evolution of coins.
II.
4. Shape, form, external structure or arrangement, esp. as an object of study or classification.
1890C. P. Mitchell Philos. Tumour-Dis. ii. 52 Facts so varied as those comprised in the morphology of tumours. 1894Jrnl. Physiol. XVII. 81 (heading) The morphology and distribution of the wandering cells of Mammalia. 1895N. Story-Maskelyne (title) Crystallography: a treatise on the morphology of crystals. 1921Geogr. Rev. XI. 155 (heading) Morphology of the Altai Mountains. 1924A. E. H. Tutton Nat. Hist. Crystals vii. 60 The ‘elements’ of a crystal..together with a list of the ‘forms’ observed, and a table of the interfacial angles, define the morphology of the crystal. 1937Rep. Brit. Assoc. Adv. Sci. 373 (heading) A comparative study of the morphology of the North Downs and the Chiltern Hills. 1950Jrnl. Gen. Physiol. XXXIII. 651 Two separate lines of approach..were required: a study of the functional behavior of the [nerve] fibers, and a study of their morphology. 1954M. Beresford Lost Villages 23 In the study of village morphology..an opportunity of seeing a medieval village plan without any of the accretions of later building. 1964R. C. Evans Crystal Chem. (ed. 2) xi. 184 Before the discovery of X-ray diffraction, crystals could be classified only on the basis of morphology, and in terms of their symmetry were assigned to one or other of the thirty-two classes. 1965E. Gurr Rational Use of Dyes in Biol. i. 106 (heading) Possible influence of molecular morphology in staining. Ibid. 107 We can refer to the shape and/or size of a molecule as its morphology. 1971W. A. Pryor in R. E. Carver Procedures Sedimentary Petrol. vii. 142 Quantitative analysis of grain morphology requires measurement of particle radii, diameters, and lengths. 1974Nature 29 Nov. 377/2 The morphologies found—spheroids, single or paired, filaments, segmented or nonsegmented, ‘colonial’ structures..—have all been described from prokaryotic groups such as the blue-green algae. |