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mortification|mɔːtɪfɪˈkeɪʃən|
[a. F. mortification (14th c.), or ad. eccl.L. mortificātiōn-em, n. of action f. mortificāre to mortify.]
1. In religious use: The action of mortifying the flesh or its lusts: the subjection of one's appetites and passions by the practice of austere living, esp. by the self-infliction of bodily pain or discomfort.
a. in phr. mortification of the body, mortification of sin, etc.
c1386Chaucer Pars. T. ⁋1006 This blisfull regne mow men purchace by pouertee espirituell..the lyf by deth and mortificacion of synne. 1426Lydg. De Guil. Pilgr. 12010 Mortyfycacioun off the body. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 1 b, Goostly exercyse, or mortifycacyon of the senses. 1532More Confut. Tindale Wks. 700/2 The mortificacion of the fleshly woorkes. c1535Nisbet Prol. Romans (S.T.S.) III. 342 Thann exhorttis he to gude werkis, and vnto contynewall mortificatiounn of fleische. 1671Tillotson Serm. 219 Mortification of our lusts and passions, though..it have something in it that is troublesome, yet [etc.]. 1674Owen Holy Spirit iv. viii. 483 The Foundation of all Mortification of Sin, is from the Inhabitation of the Spirit in us. 1780Bentham Introd. Princ. Morals ii. §8 (1789) 10 Saints who, for the good of their souls, and the mortification of their bodies, have voluntarily yielded themselves a prey to vermin. 1836J. H. Newman Par. Serm. II. xvii. 221 Self-denial, mortification of life, bearing our cross, are especially insisted on by Christ.
b. simply, without qualification.
1577tr. Bullinger's Decades iv. ii. 562 But we in this disputation of ours, will vse Repentaunce for a conuerting or turning to the Lord..for mortification, and the beginning to leade a newe life. a1633Austin Medit. (1635) 101 It is Lent: a time of Mortification. 1657Trapp Comm. Ps. lxii. 8 Give not over the practice of Mortification untill you feel your hearts part asunder in your bosoms. 1709Lady M. W. Montagu Let. to Mrs. Wortley lx. 99, I must content myself with reckoning it of the mortifications proper to this devout time [Ash Wednesday]. 1775Sheridan Duenna iii. v, Ye eat and swill and sleep..while we are wasting in mortification. 1841Elphinstone Hist. Ind. I. 109 A Bramin..after having passed through a period of solitude and mortification as an anchoret. 1848A. Jameson Sacr. & Leg. Art (1850) 201 He destroyed his health by his austerity and mortifications.
2. Path. The death of a part of the body while the rest is living; gangrene, necrosis.
1555Bonner Homilies 69 Mortification, putrifaction, and other suche lyke thinges. 1597A. M. tr. Guillemeau's Fr. Chirurg. 2/3 There ensuethe a Gangræna or mortificatione. 1677Gale Crt. Gentiles iii. 122 A gangrene properly signifies the mortification of some carnose part by reason of an inflammation. 1725De Foe Voy. round World (1840) 90 Pickling, that is to say, throwing salt and vinegar on the back after the whipping..is certainly the way to prevent mortification. 1779–81Johnson L.P., Dryden Wks. II. 358 He died..of a mortification in his leg. 1826S. Cooper First Lines Surg. (ed. 5) 3 In parts of inferior vascularity, like tendons, fasciæ, &c. inflammation readily occasions mortification. 1878T. Bryant Pract. Surg. I. 35 Mortification of any part of the body signifies its death.
transf.1601Holland Pliny I. 540 A seuerall kind of blasting or mortification there is besides in vines..which is called Roratio.
†3. Deadening or destruction of vital or active qualities; devitalization. In 17–18th c. often applied to the state of torpor and insensibility preceding death. Obs.
1542Borde Dyetary ii. (1870) 235 Mortyfycation of the vytall, and anymall, and spyrytuall powers. 1596Norden Prepar. Spec. Brit. 11 There seemeth a mortification of the nedles vertue, which staggereth vncertainly. 1654Whitlock Zootomia 25 Inchoate mortifications lessening the horrour of (that must-be-done) Dying. 1706Stanhope Paraphr. III. 259 The Mortification of some old, and quickening of some contrary Principle, in a spiritual Sense. 1732Arbuthnot Rules of Diet (1736) 367 A sudden Remission of the Pain, with cold Sweats [etc.]..are Signs of a Mortification and approaching Death. 1770Gray Let. to Nicholls 25 Nov. (1843) 115 If a mortification does not come to release her, [she] may lie in this agony for months.
†4. Old Chem. Alteration of the form of metals, etc.; destruction or neutralization of the active qualities of chemical substances. Cf. mortify 6.
1605Timme Quersit. i. ii. 44 The sole elements, separated from those three beginnings, doe bring nothing but impurities, corruption, and mortification. 1610B. Jonson Alch. ii. v, Sub. And when comes Viuification? Fac. After Mortification. 1678Phillips, Mortification..that by which Mixts are as it were destroyed, and lose the vertues of their first nature, to acquire others more efficacious by the help of revivification. 1706― (ed. Kersey).
5. Scots Law. The act of disposing of property for religious, or, since the Reformation, for charitable or public purposes. Also, property given for such purposes. (Cf. mortmain.)
1498Exch. Rolls Scot. XI. 81 note, We haue gevin and perpetualy mortifyt to the cathedrale kirk of Orkna..the..ile of Burra..as our charter of gift and mortification..mar fullily purportis. 1652Z. Boyd in Zion's Flowers (1855) App. 25/1 Reservand furth of this mortificatioune..the sowme of ane thowsand punds. 1685in Buccleuch MSS. (15th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. viii.) 119 Thomas Moodie's mortification for building a kirk in Edinburgh. 1700Law Council of Trade (1751) 11 All gifts, charities, and mortifications already given, or to be given, and appropriated to the poor. 1775L. Shaw Moray (1827) 362 Mortifications for the poor are {pstlg}650 Scots. 1858Ramsay Remin. (ed. 2) 58 One of the bailies died and left it [sc. a hospital] 10,000 pounds, which was really a great mortification. 1863A. H. Charteris Life J. Robertson ii. 22 A deed of mortification.
6. The feeling of humiliation caused by a disappointment, a rebuff or slight, or an untoward accident; the sense of disappointment or vexation. Also, an instance of this; a cause or source of such humiliation.
1645Evelyn Diary June, Which..frustrated my designe, to my very greate mortification. 1692R. L'Estrange Fables cccxxvii. 285 It is one of the most vexatious Mortifications perhaps, of..a Studious Mans Life to have his Thoughts disorder'd..by the Importunity of a Tedious..Visit. 1748Anson's Voy. i. ii. 21 We had the mortification to be forty days in our passage. 1769Junius Lett. xvi. 73 Let them spare us..the mortification of being amused and deluded like children. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. vi. II. 75 He continued to offer his advice daily, and had the mortification to find it daily rejected. 1872Black Adv. Phaeton iii. 31 A blush of shame and exceeding mortification.
7. attrib.: mortification root, marsh mallow, Malva officinalis.
1897–8Britton & Brown Flora North. U.S. & Canada. |