| 释义 |
mutualist, n. (and a.)|ˈmjuːtjuːəlɪst|
[f. mutual a. + -ist. Cf. F. mutuelliste (= 1 b), mutualiste member of a mutual assurance society.]
1. a. An advocate of mutualism. Also attrib. or as adj. b. A member of a corporation of labour masters at Lyons.
1848W. K. Kelly tr. L. Blanc's Hist. Ten Y. II. 258 Several Lyonese republicans..had been the first to interfere between the manufacturers and the mutualists. Ibid., The executive council of the mutualists..ordered the workmen to resume their suspended labours, and was obeyed. 1892Schäffle Impossibility Soc. Democr. 11 Some so-called mutualists depend for everything on a brotherly reciprocity. 1909F. Lawton 3rd French Republic xiv. 320 From 1852 onwards, the Mutualist movement extended rapidly. 1929Amer. Jrnl. Sociol. XXXIV. 783 Let exchange take place directly within each ‘mutualist’ association. 1948M. Nomad in F. Gross European Ideologies viii. 329 Proudhon's ‘mutualist anarchism’, with its panacea of a ‘People's Bank’. 1969A. Ritter Pol. Thought Proudhon v. 130 The units of a mutualist society are not only to be equal in power; they are also to differ in their occupations, personalities, ideas, inclinations.
2. Biol. One of two organisms which mutually live on each other. Cf. mutualism.
1876Beneden's Anim. Parasites 84 Every colony of campanulariæ or sertulariæ lodges a crowd of messmates and mutualists. 1894J. Weir in Amer. Naturalist Aug. 713, I mean by the term mutualist, an animal which gives a quid pro quo or specific beneficial service to the host which affords it sustenance and domicile. |