| 释义 |
mutuality|ˌmjuːtjuːˈælɪtɪ|
[f. mutual a. + -ity: cf. F. mutualité.]
1. a. The quality or condition of being mutual; reciprocity.
a1586Sidney Arcadia iii. (1622) 347 There is no sweeter tast of friendship, then the coupling of soules in this mutualitie either of condoling, or comforting. a1635Sibbes Confer. Christ & Mary (1656) 77 We have not comfort, because we do not make him ours by a spirit of mutuality. 1782Paine Let. Abbé Raynal (1791) 43 A mutuality of wants have formed the individuals of each country into a kind of national society. 1892Times 8 Feb. 5/2 In future the..South American Republics must look for protection and mutuality of interests..only among themselves.
b. Law. A condition of things under which two parties are mutually bound to perform certain reciprocal duties.
1845Stephen Comm. Laws Eng. (1874) II. 55 There is..a distinction between a promise and a contract; for the latter involves the idea of mutuality which the former does not. 1847C. G. Addison Law of Contracts i. i. (1883) 14 The mutuality of the obligation is the very essence of all contracts founded upon mutual promises. 1848Wharton Law Lex., Mutuality, reciprocation; an acting in return. 1884Bowen in Law Times Rep. 24 May 380/1, I will not say whether there was sufficient mutuality between the parties to make what was done between them binding or not.
c. A system of organizing conditions of work by agreement between the workmen involved and the employer; also mutuality system.
1968Sunday Tel. 20 Oct. 19/2 The employers team pressed the unions to surrender the ‘mutuality’ system. 1970Guardian 4 Dec. 15 ‘Mutuality’..means that the rates for each job have to be ‘mutually agreed’ on the shop floor where they are to be carried out and by the people who will perform the tasks. 1972Times 27 Jan. 14/5 The agreement had that degree of mutuality to bring it within the set-off provisions of section 31. Ibid. 7 Nov. 19/3 The management has also conceded a large measure of ‘mutuality’, the arrangement under which shop floor representatives retain bargaining rights on many shop floor working conditions.
2. Interchange of acts of goodwill; intimacy.
1604Shakes. Oth. ii. i. 267 (1st Qo.) They met so neere with their lips that their breathes embrac'd together. When these mutualities [Folios mutabilities] so marshall the way, hand at hand, comes the maine exercise [etc.]. 1628Earle Microcosm., Plausible Man (Arb.) 59 Hee loues not deeper mutualities, because he would not take sides. 1867Bushnell Mor. Uses Dark Th. 207 Gathered at their firesides in domestic mutualities and pleasures.
3. Biol. The rendering of mutual services by organisms in the condition of symbiosis; cf. mutualism 2.
1876Beneden's Anim. Parasites Introd. 18 The services of many of these [animals] are rewarded either in protection or in kind, and mutuality can well be exercised at the same time as hospitality. Ibid. 24. |