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Neanderthal|nɪˈændətɑːl|
Also Neandertal.
The name of a valley near Düsseldorf in western Germany, used attrib. in Neanderthal man, skull, etc., to designate the Middle Palæolithic fossil hominid Homo neanderthalensis, first identified from a skull found there in 1856, and also known from other remains in Europe, Africa, and Asia. Also absol., fig. (with reference to appearance), and as adj.
1861G. Busk tr. D. Schaaffhausen in Nat. Hist. Rev. Apr. 167 The considerations which have led us to compare the Neanderthal cranium with those of the most ancient races are still further confirmed by the discovery..of skulls exhibiting a yet closer correspondence with it. 1863T. H. Huxley Evidence Man's Place in Nature iii. 142 The posterior lobe of the brain of the Neanderthal man must have been as much flattened as I suspected it to be. In truth, the Neanderthal cranium has most extraordinary characters. 1864Q. Jrnl. Sci. I. 88 It is my intention to confine myself to the consideration of the Neanderthal fossil with reference to its place in Nature. Ibid. 90 The Neanderthal skull is of an elongated oval form. 1899A. H. Keane Man Past & Present 9 Certain skulls from South Australia seem cast in almost the same mould as the Neanderthal. 1922Encycl. Brit. XXX. 145/2 Neanderthal man is now revealed as an uncouth race with an enormous flattened head, very prominent eye-brow ridges and a coarse face. 1923A. L. Kroeber Anthropol. ii. 24 Neandertal man was short. Ibid. xv. 472 Whenever the origin of a people remains obscure, be they Neandertals, Alpines, Sumerians,..or what not, some one propounds the convenient hypothesis of deriving them from this vast interior land [sc. central Asia]. 1928Weekly Dispatch 13 May 12/3 The pictures which show modern influence are even more unpleasant than the streaky bacon sunsets..or the most realistic neanderthal clergymen which otherwise decorate the walls. 1939‘N. Blake’ Smiler with Knife iii. 57 You know what the other side says—..‘Woman's place is in the kitchen’—all the rest of that Neanderthal tommyrot. 1966E. Palmer Plains of Camdeboo vii. 117 Neanderthal Man lived here in Southern Africa. 1966M. Woodhouse Tree Frog xii. 86 A fourteen-stone Neanderthal with a sub-machine gun appeared. 1970Guardian 9 July 10/4 The Neanderthal men of the military and industrial establishments. 1971Observer 23 May 24/6 Neanderthal grunts over the cornflakes..were the best most husbands could manage. 1973B. J. Williams Evolution & Human Origins xi. 176/2 In the material that follows I shall use the term Neandertal sensu lato, that is, in the broad sense. The term will designate the early stages of the within-species evolution of Homo sapiens. Ibid. 185/2 In 1958 part of a Neandertal skull was recovered from a cave at Ma-pa, southern Kwangtung. 1973A. Price October Men xi. 164 He is a creature from the Dark Ages, a man of violence. A Neanderthal. 1973D. Ramsay Deadly Discretion 97 How about your pal Ivan? Does he have sensitive feelings under that Neanderthal exterior?
Hence Neˈanderˌthaler, a Neanderthal man; Neanderˈthalian a. and n.; Neanderˈthalic a. (in quot. fig.).
1913Science Progress VIII. 278 The Neandertaler differed from Homo sapiens in having an extremely receding forehead, with enormously developed brow-ridges. 1920H. G. Wells Outl. Hist. I. ix. 51/2 The Tasmanians were not racially Neanderthalers. Ibid. x. 58/2 The tremendous advance they [sc. later Palæolithic men] display upon their Neanderthalian predecessors. 1920H. Reinheimer Symbiosis iii. i. 205 Some of them, e.g., the Neanderthalians, reached the stage of the savage beast, marked by chronic acromegaly. 1955Sci. News Let. 19 Feb. 122/2 With succeeding generations Neanderthalers became adapted physically to withstand the cold. 1967Boston Sunday Herald 26 Mar. i. 29/3 Neanderthalic sadists forced near-dead men to run when they scarcely had the strength to put one foot ahead of another. 1971Times 11 Feb. 14/7 He pointed out that Neanderthalers, living as they did in the ice age, might easily have suffered from a deficiency in vitamin D. |