| 释义 |
neutralize, v.|ˈnjuːtrəlaɪz|
[ad. F. neutralizer (1611), or med.L. neutrālisāre (Du Cange): see neutral a. and -ize.]
†1. intr. To remain neutral. Obs. rare—1.
a1665J. Goodwin Filled w. the Spirit (1867) 337 Whether it be better and safer to neutralise between these two opinions, and hang in suspense?
2. trans.
a. Chem. To render neutral. Also refl.
1759Colebrooke in Phil. Trans. LI. 51, I neutralized Spanish White, by fermenting it with vinegar. 1816Faraday Exp. Researches i. 2 The solution was..neutralized by sulphuric acid, and precipitated. 1836–41Brande Chem. (ed. 5) 639 The alkali in the basin is now to be neutralized with the acid in the tube. 1883Hardwich's Photogr. Chem. (ed. Taylor) 180 Nitric Acid added to such a Bath neutralizes itself and displaces Acetic Acid.
b. Electr. To make void of electricity; to render electrically inert.
1837Brewster Magnet. 122 If we carry the needle, when perfectly neutralized, round the sphere. 1860G. B. Prescott Electr. Telegr. 16 The contrary electricities may be neutralized..by means of an insulated conductor. 1885Watson & Burbury Math. The. Electr. & Magn. I. 93 If the enclosed system, together with the distribution on the inner surface, were..allowed to..neutralise each other.
3. a. To counterbalance; to render ineffective or void; to destroy by an opposite force or effect.
1795Burke Regic. Peace iv. Wks. IX. 13 Regicide neutralizes all the acrimony of that power, and renders it safe and social. 1820Hazlitt Lect. Dram. Lit. 11 The very nature of our academic institutions..neutralizes a taste for the productions of native genius. 1875Ouseley Mus. Form ii. 18 Thus one irregularity of construction in this case neutralises the effect of the other.
b. Ophthalm. To annul the refractive power of (a lens) by combination with one or more other lenses (of known power).
1902Taylor & Baxter Key to Sight Testing xxxvi. 243 A deep convex, if it could be made infinitely thin, would practically neutralize a concave of the same power. 1962L. S. Sasieni Optical Dispensing (ed. 2) xv. 354 When plastic lenses have to be neutralized, the trial lenses should on no account be allowed to touch the outer surface. 1974Jalie & Wray Pract. Ophthalmic Lenses 8 It may be necessary for unknown lenses of high focal power to be neutralized by a combination of two neutralizing lenses.
c. Electronics. To cancel internal feedback in (an amplifier stage, valve, or transistor), esp. that due to interelectrode capacitance, by providing an additional external feedback voltage of equal magnitude but opposite phase.
1924Moyer & Wostrel Pract. Radio viii. 123 The adjustment of each neutralizing capacity is made by tuning to the radio current of some transmitting station, turning out the filament of the vacuum tube to be neutralized..and adjusting the capacity until all the sounds in the telephone receiver disappear. 1948A. L. Albert Radio Fund. ix. 367 Triodes used in radio-frequency amplifiers must be neutralized, otherwise feedback from the plate to the grid through the interelectrode capacitance may cause oscillations. 1962Simpson & Richards Physical Princ. Junction Transistors vii. 132 We now consider a general determination of the circuit constants required to neutralize a CB or CE amplifying stage. 1968Romanowitz & Puckett Introd. Electronics x. 410 Push⁓pull circuits operating at high frequencies also require neutralization. They may be neutralized by a criss-cross connection of two capacitors, one from each tube plate, to the end of the input parallel circuit that is connected to the grid of the other tube.
4. To exempt or exclude (a place) from the sphere of warlike operations.
1856in McCarthy Own Times xxviii. (1887) I. 417 The Black Sea is neutralised. 1883Manch. Guard. 15 Oct. 5/4 Such an Egypt..would..be neutralised under a general European guarantee.
5. In motor rallying, to exempt (a section of the course) from having to be covered at a set average speed, so that that section has no effect on the result of a race.
1902Encycl. Brit. XXXI. 13/2 Deducting the Swiss portion of the route (which was neutralized), the distance was 615 miles. 1903Sci. Amer. Suppl. 20 June 22958 A number of different villages were neutralized, and the chauffeurs were given from 5 to 25 minutes to make the passage. 1971P. Browning Rally Manual vi. 54 My immediate reaction was to neutralize the frontier crossing—that is to say..disregard the time taken to pass between the two officials. 1972H. S. Villard Great Road Races 1894–1914 vi. 115 The Taunus Circuit took in eight neutralized control areas..and was eighty-seven miles in length.
Hence ˈneutralized ppl. a.
1766Cavendish in Phil. Trans. LVII. 100 There is still a good deal of earth remaining in it in a neutralized state. 1796Kirwan Elem. Min. (ed. 2) I. 484 The neutralized solution should then be divided into two equal portions. 1881Tyndall Floating Matter of Air 230 To send me a supply of neutralized urine. 1899J. Cagney tr. Jaksch's Clin. Diagn. ii. (ed. 4) 107, 3 parts sheep's serum, one part neutralized veal bouillon.
Add:[3.] d. euphem. To render (someone) harmless; to put out of action; spec. to kill. orig. U.S.
1970J. G. Lowenstein Vietnam: December 1969 (U.S. Senate Comm. on Foreign Relations) 4 A coordinated intelligence and operational effort designed to route out Vietcong by killing them, capturing them, or converting them to the Government side; the term ‘neutralized’ is used for all these results. 1972F. Fitzgerald Fire in Lake xvi. 412 In 1969 the United States set a goal for the Phoenix program to ‘neutralize’ twenty thousand NFL agents during the year. 1975B. Garfield Hopscotch xviii. 172 It was..possible they'd carry their innate nihilism to its logical extreme and neutralize the next one rather than risk another Kendig on the loose. 1983‘J. le Carré’ Little Drummer Girl ii. xxiii. 366 ‘If you were me..what would you do with him?’ ‘Neutralise him.’ ‘Shoot him?’ ‘That's your business.’ |