| 释义 |
▪ I. notch, n.|nɒtʃ|
Also 7–8 noch, 8 knotch.
[app. ad. older F. oche (mod.F. hoche) of the same meaning, with n of the article prefixed (see N 3). There is thus no original connexion with nock n.1
Examples of the verb oche occur in the alliterative Morte Arthur (c 1400), but the n. has app. not been recorded.]
1. a. A V-shaped indentation or incision made, or naturally occurring, in an edge or across a surface.
1577Harrison England ii. xi. (1877) I. 227 Which being drawne vp to the top of the frame is there fastned by a woodden pin (with a notch made into the same after the manner of a Samsons post). 1597Barlowe Navigators Supply D 3 b, Prepare a little Notche or slit of equall deapth in the two sights of the sight-Ruler. 1624Capt. Smith Virginia ii. 31 To make the noch of his arrow he hath the tooth of a Beaver, set in a sticke, wherewith he grateth it by degrees. 1648Wilkins Math. Magic i. ix. 60 A little wheel, with some notches in it, equivalent to teeth. 1697W. Dampier Voy. (1699) 41 The other end..is jagged with notches like a Harpoon. 1719De Foe Crusoe i. (Globe) 83 With much chopping..hard Wood, they were all full of Notches and dull. 1774M. Mackenzie Maritime Surv. 45 A crooked Bit of Brass, with a Notch in it. 1825J. Nicholson Operat. Mechanic 306 Each circle..is divided into eleven parts, and at each a rectangular notch is cut. 1844H. Stephens Bk. Farm III. 1276 Every year after the horn is protruded from the head, with a notch on it. 1870Bryant Homer I. iv. 110 Grasping the bowstring and the arrow's notch He drew them back.
b. In fig. uses.
Quot. 1970 perh. belongs to 1 a.
1644Quarles Sheph. Orac. viii, We cut out doctrines, and from notch to notch, We fit our holy Stuffe. 1670R. Lassels Voy. Italy Pref., Traveling takes my yong noble⁓man four notches lower in his self-conceit and pride. 1790R. Tyler Contrast v. i. (1887) 92 Ho, ho, ho! There the old man was even with her; he was up to the notch—ha, ha, ha! c1817Hogg Tales & Sk. II. 242 To bring them forward to the same notch of time. 1853Kane Grinnell Exped. xxxviii. (1856) 349 We..tumbled over, no matter how often; but we hit the ships to a notch. 1897Outing XXX. 266/2 When you have girded yourself up to the last notch, so to speak. 1929W. Faulkner Sound & Fury 399 Luster took still another notch in himself and gave the impervious Queenie a cut with the switch. 1947Sun (Baltimore) 15 May 2/8 The notch, instead of $67, is $38.50, and it stops at $265.52. 1958Sunday Times (Johannesburg) 21 Sept. 4/9 Each of the Transvaal's 13,000 teachers will have their pay raised by at least one notch on October 1. 1958Cape Times 29 Oct. 15/5 Applicants must have auctioneering experience... The notch for appointment will depend on previous experience. 1970E. McGirr Death pays Wages vii. 146 He turned up the central heating a notch.
†c. = nock n.1 1 a. Obs. rare—1.
1621Burton Anat. Mel. ii. ii. iv. (1651) 266 This present Sultan makes notches for bows.
d. A slit in the ground made to take the roots of a seedling tree.
1891W. Schlich Man. Forestry II. ii. 126 An enlarged notch may be produced by swaying it [sc. the notching spade] to and fro. 1934Forestry VIII. 21 A deep vertical notch..with adequate firming, is the best method of planting. 1970H. L. Edlin Collins Guide to Tree Planting & Cultivation vii. 107 In its simplest form, the notch is just a slit cut into the ground, into which the tree's roots are inserted.
e. An incision made in a twig to stimulate the growth of a bud lower down the twig.
1916tr. K. Koopmann in L. H. Bailey Pruning-Manual v. 127 Notches are made on twigs of one year's growth or more, to influence a particular bud in various ways. 1974R. Grounds Practical Pruning iii. 28 Cut a notch just above the buds that you wish to form branches during April.
2. a. A nick made on a stick, etc., as a means of keeping a score or record. (Cf. nick n.1 2 a.) Also fig.
† out of all scotch and notch: (see scotch n.).
1580Hollyband Treas. Fr. Tong, Vne oche, vn cren, or crenne, a notch in a skore. 1676Marvell Mr. Smirke Wks. (Grosart) IV. 60 The Exposer..hath payed him exactly, though not in as good billet, yet in as many notches. 1719De Foe Crusoe i. 64 Upon the Sides of this square Post, I cut every Day a Notch with my Knife. 1784Cowper Tiroc. 560 Th' indented stick, that loses day by day Notch after notch. 1817J. Bradbury Trav. Amer. 41 note, It is customary amongst the Missouri Indians to register every exploit in war, by making a notch for each on the handle of their tomahawks. 1876Geo. Eliot Dan. Der. II. xxv. 155 He felt sure that there was a notch made against him—and that somehow or other he was intended to pay.
b. A run in cricket. Now rare.
1737in Waghorn Cricket Scores (1899) 17 Kent side went in first and got 99 notches. 1755Game at Cricket 10 If in running a Notch, the Wicket is struck down by a Throw; it's out. 1812Sporting Mag. XL. 246 A match..which was won by Burley, ninety-seven notches against sixty-five. 1835W. Howitt in Friendsh. Miss Mitford (1882) I. xii. 293 The sudden shout..of the crowd when the last decisive notch was gained. 1881Sportsman's Year-bk. 137, 1,163 notches have been placed to his credit by the scorers.
3. U.S. A narrow opening or defile through mountains; a deep narrow pass. (Common in local names in the New England States.)
1718S. Sewall Diary 15 Sept., About half way between the Notch of the Mountain and Hartford. 1760New Eng. Hist. & Gen. Reg. (1882) XXXVI. 32 On arriving on the Lake, I took the bearing of a Notch or Break in the Mountains. 1812Mellish Trav. U.S. I. 98 There is a singular curiosity in the state [of New Hampshire] called the Notch, which is a pass through the mountains. 1838Hawthorne Amer. Note-bks. (1883) 197 This Notch is otherwise called the Bellowspipe, being a long and narrow valley, with a steep wall on either side. 1890J. H. Ward White Mts. 45 The Crawford Notch is so much in the heart of the mountains that it offers unusual facilities for seeing them.
4. a. An opening; a break or breach.
1794S. Williams Hist. Vermont I. 25 The direction of this passage is oblique, and full of stops or notches. 1804Brown tr. Volney's View 66 The gaps, whose sides..exhibit those notches occasioned by the first overflowings of the lake.
b. spec. An opening extending above the water level in a surface placed across a stream like a weir; also, the surface itself.
1789T. Wright Meth. Watering Meadows (1790) 20 Keep it [the water] high enough to flow through the notches, (or what we improperly call sluices). 1845Encycl. Metrop. III. 238/1 Theoretically the quantity discharged through a rectangular notch, which reaches to the surface, is two-thirds of what would issue through an equal orifice placed at the whole depth below the level of the fluid. 1907W. C. Unwin Treat. Hydraulics v. 96 Notches for measuring purposes are weirs fitted with a plate in which an open notch is formed through which the water passes. 1908A. H. Gibson Hydraulics v. 137 (heading) Flow over notches and weirs. 1914W. M. Wallace Hydraulics xii. 188 Where it is possible to provide an artificial section for the stream the gauge notch is used, of which there are three standard forms, viz., (1) rectangular, (2) circular, (3) triangular. 1959[see flume n. 3 a]. 1974J. A. Fox Introd. Engin. Fluid Mech. iii. 99 In the case of orifices and rectangular notches the coefficient of discharge varies with both the Reynolds number and the value of l/h.
5. An act of notching or cutting.
1844H. Stephens Bk. Farm. I. 506 Small holes made in the ground with three or four notches of the spade.
6. attrib. and Comb., as notch-eared, notch-flowered, notch-leaved; notch-back, (a) a back on a motor car that extends approximately horizontally from the bottom of the rear window so as to make a distinct angle with it; a car having such a back; also transf.; opp. fast back; (b) s.v. fast a. 11; notch-bar test Engin. = notched-bar test (notched ppl. a. 1); notch-block Naut., a snatch-block; notch-board, (a) a board grooved to receive the ends of the steps in a stair; (b) a board with notches placed as a stop in a water-channel; notch-brittleness Engin., susceptibility to fracture at a notch when a sudden load is applied; hence (as a back-formation) notch-brittle a.; notch effect Engin., the increase in the susceptibility of a specimen to fracture caused by the presence of a notch; notch factor Engin. (see quot. 1968); notch filter Electronics, a filter that attenuates signals within a very narrow band of frequencies; notch-head, an ornamental incision in stone; notch-house slang, a brothel (cf. nautch n. 2); notch-ladder (see quot.); notch-planting = notching vbl. n. 3; notch-ringing (see quot.); notch-sensitive a. Engin., characterized by a high notch sensitivity; notch-sensitiveness or -sensitivity Engin. (see quot. 1970); notch-sight, -stick (see quots.); notch-toughness Engin., the opposite of notch-brittleness; spec. the result (in units of energy) of a notched-bar test on a specimen; notch-weed (see quots.); † notch-wheel, the locking- or count-wheel in a clock; notch-wing, a name of various moths.
[1959Motor 28 Oct. 447/2 The Special Continental saloon..was notable for the abandonment of the sloping tail in favour of a notched back treatment.] 1965J. Lawlor How to talk Car 76 *Notch-back, body design with a separate distinct rear deck. The term is used to distinguish conventional styling from fast-back design. 1967Wall St. Jrnl. 24 Apr. 6/3 The Charger will drop its fast⁓back roofline in 1968 in favor of a ‘notchback’ in which the roofline slopes more abruptly to the rear fender. 1971Flying (N.Y.) Apr. 40/1 In 1962, the Cessna 182 got the Omni-Vision treatment, with a notchback after fuselage and auto-style rear window. 1972Practical Motorist Oct. 69/2 In 1961..a Capri based on the notch-back Ford Classic was introduced.
1957Financial Times Ann. Rev. Brit. Industry 61/4 To predict the service behaviour of the steel..the information derived from small *notch bar tests is being amplified. 1966McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. VIII. 272/2 Notch-bar tests are usually made in either of two convenient arrangements, in both of which the specimen is broken by a freely swinging pendulum.
1846A. Young Naut. Dict. 38 Snatch-Blocks (or *Notch-Blocks) which are single blocks with a notch cut in one cheek, to receive the bight of a rope.
1823P. Nicholson Pract. Build. 189 A *notch-board is a board into which the ends of the steps are let. 1844H. Stephens Bk. Farm III. 1024 Notch-boards injure the edges of feeders, besides causing deep holes to be scooped beyond them by the fall of water.
1958A. D. Merriman Dict. Metallurgy 212/1 In *notch brittle materials the notch or crack is propagated with great rapidity under sudden loading conditions. 1963Alexander & Brewer Manuf. Prop. of Materials i. 16 There is a fairly well-defined threshold value of temperature below which the steel is notch-brittle and above which it exhibits relatively ductile behaviour.
1929Jrnl. Iron & Steel Inst. CXX. 514 The authors first discuss two diagrams representing the ratios of the *notch-brittleness obtained by means of Mesnager test-pieces and large Charpy test-pieces for a large number of steels. 1965Matsuo & Inoue tr. T. Yokobori's Strength, Fracture & Fatigue of Materials vii. 162 The classical theory of Griffith explains notch brittleness as the increase of the plastic constraint factor qe arising from fibrous cracks induced in the early stages of the process.
1840Cuvier's Anim. Kingd. 74 note, *Notch-eared Bat (V. emarginatus).—The fur reddish-grey above, ash-coloured beneath.
1925M. A. Grossmann tr. Heyn's Physical Metallogr. v. 299 With decreasing b, hence with increasing *notch effect, the values for q and εe decrease. 1970C. C. Osgood Fatigue Design iii. 104 The scale of notch sensitivity for a material then varies between no notch effect, q = 0, and full theoretical notch effect at q = 1.
1939Jrnl. R. Aeronaut. Soc. XLIII. 728 The *notch-factor was plotted against the notch-depth, and the resulting curve indicated that, as the notch-depth increases, the notch-factor increases up to a critical value of the notch-depth, and thereafter decreases. 1968F. A. d'Isa Mechanics of Metals vii. 326 The actual effectiveness of stress concentration on fatigue strength is measured by the fatigue notch factor, Kf, which is defined as the ratio of the fatigue strength of a specimen with no stress concentration to the fatigue strength at the same number of cycles with stress concentration for the same conditions.
[1950Electronics July 75/3 (heading) Notching filters.] 1962Electronic Technol. XXXIX. 332/1 At v.h.f. it is desirable to construct *notch filters from coaxial elements. 1974Physics Bull. Mar. 107/3 A fully tunable notch filter for removing line frequency pick-up.
1886Cassell, *Notch-flowered,..having the flowers notched at the margin.
1843Civil Eng. & Arch. Jrnl. VI. 320/1 An ornamental parapet, with a cornice of *notch-heads, or dog-tooth, or corbels.
1931Amer. Mercury Nov. 353/2 *Notch house, a house of prostitution. 1956H. Gold Man who was not with It (1965) xxx. 277 Nancy ran a notch-house for travelers who loved to see things.
1902Chambers's Jrnl. Oct. 657/2 A notable feature of these smaller mines is the *notch-ladder system of conveying the ore from the interior to the pit-head. Two masts, notched like bear-poles, form the means of ascent and descent for a more or less continuous chain of peons.
1822Hortus Anglicus II. 468 Alnus Serrulata, *Notch-leaved Alder.
1953H. L. Edlin Forester's Handbk. ix. 145 *Notch planting..is the simplest and cheapest method, by which the majority of forest trees are planted today. 1970― Collins Guide to Tree Planting & Cultivation vii. 107 (heading) Notch planting.
1884Australasian 8 Nov. 875/1 In *notch-ringing, a belt of bark is not only removed, but a notch running round the tree is cut in the sap-wood about 2 in. deep.
1946Metallurgia XXXIII. 250/1 A forthright statement of which material is the more *notch sensitive seems impossible. 1956M. C. Smith Princ. Physical Metallurgy x. 377 Because a notch creates locally a condition of triaxial tension, all metals are notch-sensitive. 1967Lee & Neville Handbk. Epoxy Resins iv. 9 Cyclization, together with randomly occurring areas of low bond density for other reasons.., will lead to internal flaws within the polymer network to create notch-sensitive defects.
1934Jrnl. Iron & Steel Inst. CXXX. 653 The investigation of *notch sensitiveness, the use of the index of notch sensitiveness..and the connection between the index and the chemical composition..are discussed. 1934Jrnl. Res. Nat. Bureau of Standards (U.S.) XIII. 535 Even for annealed copper, notch sensitivity evidently is equal to that of steels with tensile strength five times as great.
1970C. C. Osgood Fatigue Design iii. 104 The ratio between the apparent increase in local stress [due to the presence of a notch or other stress concentrator] in fatigue and the increase predicted by the elastic theory of stress concentration has been defined..as *notch sensitivity.
1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., *Notch-sight of a gun, a sight having a V-shaped notch, wherein the eye easily finds the lowest or central point.
1883Gresley Gloss. Coal-mining, *Notch Sticks, short pieces of stick notched or nicked, used by miners as records of the number of tubs of coal, &c., they send out of the pit during the day.
1926Jrnl. Iron & Steel Inst. CXIII. 624 This method of testing enables it to be judged whether a material has been brought to its best condition in regard to *notch-toughness. 1972E. N. Simons Testing of Metals v. 85 A component designed for a hot climate may not give the same degree of notch toughness in a cold one if the temperature of the latter lies below the transition temperature.
1736Ainsworth, *Notch weed, Atriplex olida. [Hence in Johnson, etc.]1866Treas. Bot. 793/2 Notchweed, Chenopodium Vulvaria.
1611Cotgr., Rouë de compte, a *Notch-wheele in a Clocke.
1819G. Samouelle Entomol. Compend. 435 The shallow *Notchwing... The common Notchwing. 1832J. Rennie Butterfl. & Moths 180 The Chequered Notch-Wing.
▪ II. † notch
obs. variant of nautch n.
1796E. Hamilton Lett. Hindoo Rajah (1811) I. 222, I was invited by the Governor-General to a notch, or, as they express it, a ball.
▪ III. notch, v.|nɒtʃ|
Also 6 noch, 9 knotch.
[f. the n.]
†1. trans. To cut (hair) unevenly. Obs. rare.
Cf. Percivall Span. Dict. (1591) ‘Trasquilones, notches in the hair’.
1597Bp. Hall Sat. iii. vii, All Brittish bare upon the bristled skin Close noched is his beard, both lip and chin. 1611Cotgr., Bertauder,..to notch, or cut the haire vneuenly. 1687Miége Gt. Fr. Dict. ii. s.v., To notch Hair, couper les cheveux d'une maniere ridicule. 1747P. Francis Horace, Epist. i. i. 136 If some unlucky Barber notch my Hair.
2. a. To cut or make notches in; to cut or mark with notches.
1600Heywood 1st Pt. Edw. IV (1613) C 2 b, Whose recreant limbs are notcht with gaping scarres. 1607Shakes. Cor. iv. v. 199 He scotcht him, and notcht him like a Carbinado. 1672Sir W. Talbot Discov. J. Lederer 25 You must not forget to notch the trees as you go along with your small Hatchet. 1737Pope Hor. Epist. i. i. 84 From him whose quills stand quiver'd at his ear, To him who notches sticks at Westminster. 1766Compl. Farmer s.v. Madder 5 I. 3/1 They are seven inches broad, notched half the thickness of the stocks of the beetles. 1814Jane Austen Mansf. Park III. 280 Her eyes could only wander to..the table, cut and knotched by her brothers. 1862Morrall Hist. Needle-m. 2 You may see men grinding long steel bars to the necessary fineness,..then notching them at the required lengths.
fig.1649G. Daniel Trinarch., Hen. V ccxxi, Greiv'd, that the Tallies of his Fame was Seene Notch't, with a Debt. 1871Meredith H. Richmond xlvi, The place is notched where it occurred and for ever avoided.
transf.1864Lowell Fireside Trav. 144 Pines, whose pointed summits notched the rosy west in an endless black sierra. 1878Huxley Physiogr. xvii. 274 The eastern end is notched by the estuary of the Thames.
b. To convert into (some form) by the process of making notches.
1768–74Tucker Lt. Nat. (1834) II. 319 Persons..might notch a stick into something that could be fancied a human face. 1832H. Martineau Hill & Valley ii. 28 Another would notch it into a saw. 1862Scrope Volcanoes 136 Notching it into..fantastically-shaped eminences.
c. absol. To make notches.
1848Dickens Dombey i, Remorseless twins they are for striding through their human forests, notching as they go.
3. a. To score, mark, record, by means of notches. Also with up or down, and in fig. contexts.
1623Middleton More Dissemblers v. i, I'll notch your faults up. 1645Fuller Good Th. in Bad T. (1841) 43 He had no leisure to eat for notching up the men he met. 1649G. Daniel Trinarch., Hen. V cclxxxiv, Let Harrie's Fate (Notch'd sure with Time) Spin to a Softer Bed. 1837Dickens Pickw. vii, The umpires were stationed behind the wickets; the scorers were prepared to notch the runs. 1848Lowell Biglow P. Poet. Wks. 1890 II. 138 We notched the votes down on three sticks. 1860Emerson Cond. Life, Fate Wks. (Bohn) II. 320 As children stand up against the wall..and notch their height. 1879Princeton Rev. May 478 The cataract itself has notched the records of the ages of its retrocession upon the rocks by its side. 1911Chambers's Jrnl. Oct. 702/1 A speed of one hundred miles an hour has been notched on more than one occasion. 1963Sunday Express 6 Jan. 23/5 Her earnings now are well above the {pstlg}10,000 she was notching up a few years ago. 1969‘D. Rutherford’ Gilt-Edged Cockpit i. 17 In about three minutes Mascot would have notched up the victory they so desperately needed. 1973Daily Tel. 23 Apr. 5/4 When..‘Andre Previn's Music Night’ notched up audiences of six million last year, he was understandably delighted and encouraged. 1974Nature 29 Mar. 373/3 Albright and Wilson managed to notch up an increase in profits.
absol.1837Dickens Pickw. vii, They notch in here..it's the best place in the whole field.
b. To score, succeed in getting (a run, etc.).
1837Dickens Pickw. vii, All-Muggleton had notched some fifty-four. 1895Daily News 18 Dec. 9/4 The nearest they could get to scoring was a corner, whilst their opponents notched two goals.
c. To mark off by effacing a notch.
1831Landor Andria of Hungary Wks. 1846 II. 2 Notched off like schoolboy's days Anxious to see his parent.
4. a. To fix, secure, or insert, by means of notches.
1768C. Beatty Jrnl. 72 note, Logs of wood laid upon one another, notched at the corners into each other. 1837Civil Eng. & Arch. Jrnl. I. 2/2 Longitudinal sleepers of timber..on which are notched down transverse bearers. 1838Ibid. 104/1 Cross-ties notched on to the waling. 1857Thoreau Maine W. (1894) 23 One directly above another, and notched together at the ends. 1875Carpentry & Join. 62 You can notch in the corners, like E, as it cannot get out of place when the top is nailed on.
fig.1824Scott St. Ronan's i, The houses were notched as it were into the side of the steep bank.
b. To chop off, cut out.
1820Scott Abbot iii, Have they hands, and fight not for the land which bore them? They should be notched off at the elbow! 1896Allbutt's Syst. Med. I. 192 Rhombic in shape with a corner notched out.
5. To fit the arrow to the bowstring; to nock.
1635Quarles Embl. i. vii. 30 His bow is bent, and he hath notch'd his dart. 1649G. Daniel Trinarch., Hen. V clxxix, Other well-notch their Arrowes; trye their Stringes And draw their Bowes. 1720De Foe Capt. Singleton xvii. (1840) 292 Their arrows being soon notched upon their bows. 1767Poetry in Ann. Reg. 230, I bent my bow,..and strait Notch'd on the nerve the messenger of fate.
6. To stop or jam (a wheel). rare—1.
1674N. Fairfax Bulk & Selv. 130 They can't strike sail, or notch the wheels,..in a trice.
7. intr. To become jagged or indented. rare—1.
1693Evelyn De La Quint. Compl. Gard. II. 15 Their matter must be of good temper'd Steel, so that the edge may neither turn, or notch easily. |