| 释义 |
▪ I. ochre, ocher, n.|ˈəʊkə(r)|
Forms: 5–9 oker, 6–8 oaker, 7– ochre, 9 U.S. ocher, (also 5 ocur, okyr, ockere, 6 occur, okur, 6–7 occar, 7 ocre, 8 okre, 9 ocker).
[a. F. ocre (1307 in Hatz.-Darm.), ad. L. ōchra (Pliny), a. Gr. ὤχρα yellow ochre, f. ὠχρός pale yellow.]
1. a. A native earth, or class of earths, consisting of a mixture of hydrated oxide of iron with varying proportions of clay in a state of impalpable subdivision; varying in colour from light yellow to deep orange or brown. The ochres are extensively used as pigments; particular kinds are known as brown ochre, red ochre, white ochre, yellow ochre, Oxford ochre, etc.
[1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xix. xxxi. (1495) 878 Ocra bredyth in the ylonde Topasion there Sandaracha is founde and is somtyme made of Ocra.] 1481–90Howard Househ. Bks. (Roxb.) 202 Item, in yelu okyr x. lb. c1485E.E. Misc. (Warton Club) 76 To temper ockere, grynd hit with gume and water. 1487–8in Willis & Clark Cambridge (1886) I. 412, v li de colore fuluo sc. oker. 1591Spenser Ruins of Time 204 All is but fained, and with oaker dide. 1601Holland Pliny xxxiii. xiii. II. 485 As touching Ochre or Sil, it is exceeding hard to bee reduced into powder. 1605Timme Quersit. i. xiii. 53 The sulphur in vitriol is easily discerned by a certaine red ocre. 1688R. Holme Armoury ii. 39/1 Of earth are several sorts, as..Marle, Clay, Occar. 1787W. Williams Mechanic of Oil Colours 46 Brown oaker..may be made from yellow oaker. 1808A. Parsons Trav. xiii. 277 A cow..was led through the streets followed by all the Banyans, with their cloaths, face, and hands daubed over with yellow oker. 1809Kendall Trav. II. li. 190 The white ochre is a mere deposit of testaceous exuviae. 1839Ure Dict. Arts s.v., Native red ochre is called red chalk and reddle in England. It is an intimate mixture of clay and red iron ochre. 1854T. H. Fielding Painting in Oil & Wat. Col. (ed. 5) 179 Yellow Ochre is..sometimes called Oxford Ochre, being abundant in that neighbourhood.
b. As a pigment; also the colour of this; esp. a pale brownish yellow: cf. 4.
c1440Promp. Parv. 362/1 Ocur, colure. 1530Palsgr. 249/1 Occur, reed colour, ocre. 1871C. Gibbon Lack of Gold i, To match the yellow ochre of the cottage interior walls.
2. Applied to the earthy pulverulent oxides of other metals, as antimony ochre, bismuth ochre, chrome ochre, molybdic ochre, tantalic ochre, tungstic ochre.
1863–72Watts Dict. Chem. I. 324 Tetroxide of Antimony.. found native, as Cervantite or Antimony-ochre. Ibid. 504 Trioxide of Bismuth..occurs native, as bismuth-ochre. 1868Dana Min. (ed. 5) 185 Bismite, Oxyd of Bismuth, Bismuth Ochre... Molybdite. Molybdena or Molybdic Ochre, Molybdic Acid. Ibid. 186 Tungstite. Tungstic Ochre. Ibid. 188 A tantalic ochre occurs on crystals of tantalite at Pennikoja..color brownish, lustre vitreous. Ibid. 510 Chrome Ochre, a clayey material, containing some oxyd of chrome.
3. slang. Applied to money, in allusion to the colour of gold coin.
1854Dickens Hard T. i. vi, Pay your ochre at the doors and take it out. 1890Punch 22 Feb. (Farmer), If I was flush of the ochre, I tell yer I'd make the thing hum.
4. attrib. and Comb., as ochre bed, ochre pit; of the colour of ochre, as ochre bank, ochre bloom, ochre colour, ochre dye, ochre face, ochre pigment, ochre wash; ochre-coloured, ochre-brown, ochre-red, ochre-yellow adjs.; ochre-grave (see quot.); also attrib.; ochreman († okerman), a man who works or deals in ochre, a colourman.
c1586C'tess Pembroke Ps. cvi. ix, The *oker bancks their passage did inclose.
1808Wolcott (P. Pindar) One more Peep at R. Acad. Wks. 1812 V. 379 Welcome, sweet Miss in *ochre bloom.
1894R. B. Sharpe Handbk. Birds Gt. Brit. 34 Forehead and sides of face dull *ochre-brown.
1578Lyte Dodoens ii. xlvi. 204 Flowers..of a fainte or *Ochre colour yellowe. 1828Stark Elem. Nat. Hist. I. 194 Great-horned Owl. Body variegated and waved with black and ochre colour.
1877Raymond Statist. Mines & Mining 261 The ore, an *ocher-colored earth, is found evenly deposited upon a hill-side.
1868J. A. B. Meta ii. iii. 27 Then see, dear reader, 'fore your eyes The savage in his *ochre dyes.
1634S. R. Noble Soldier ii. i. in Bullen O. Pl. (1882) I. 277 You Don with th' *oaker face.
1928Peake & Fleure Steppe & Sown 20 In the early type of kurgan are found skeletons..buried in a contracted position, the bones covered with red ochre. These..are now known as the *ochre-graves. Ibid. 26 The ochre-grave folk. 1957V. G. Childe Dawn Europ. Civilization (ed. 6) ix. 149 (heading) The Ochre Grave Cultures of the Pontic Steppes. Ibid. 157 The beginnings of the Ochre Grave culture should go back well into the third millenium.
1592Nashe P. Penilesse (ed. 2) 13 Their lips are as lauishly red, as if they vsed to kisse an *okerman euery morning.
1547Life Abp. Canterb. To Rdr. E v b, That by this *oker marking he may knowe his owne sheepe.
1898P. Manson Trop. Diseases iv. 93 In such sections it is seen that the *ochre pigment is no longer in minute grains.
1839Ure Dict. Arts 894 A section of the *ochre pits at Shotover Hill, near Oxford.
1882Garden 15 July 52/2 A pretty cut-leaved annual species..with *ochre-red flowers.
1847J. Wilson Chr. North (1857) I. 159 The walls are sordid in the streaked *ochre-wash.
1899*Ochre yellow [see hæmochromatosis s.v. hæmo-, hemo-]. 1952A. G. L. Hellyer Sanders' Encycl. Gardening (ed. 22) 121 Dayana, ochre-yellow, lip white and brown.
Sense 4 in Dict. becomes 5. Add: 4. Biol. [After *amber n.1 10.] The nonsense codon UAA; also, a mutant fragment of genetic material containing this. Freq. attrib.
1965S. Brenner et al. in Nature 5 June 994 We show that the triplets of the amber and ochre mutants are UAG and UAA, respectively. We suggest that the ‘nonsense’ codons should be more properly considered to be the codons for chain termination. 1973R. G. Krueger et al. Introd. Microbiol. xii. 363/2 Like the amber mutants ochre mutants were capable of growth on some strains of E[scherichia] coli but not others. 1976[see *amber n.1 10]. 1983J. R. S. Fincham Genetics xiii. 367 We have already..reviewed the evidence that the amber and ochre codons are UAG and UAA, respectively.
▪ II. ochre, ocher, v.|ˈəʊkə(r)|
[f. prec. n.]
trans. To colour, mark, or rub with ochre. Chiefly in pa. pple.
1608Day Law Trickes iv. i. (1881) 51 Where you see a face newly okered tis a signe ther's traffique. 1650Bulwer Anthropomet. 165 Their arms and thighs Oakred, and dyed with red..and yellow. 1844N. Brit. Rev. I. 177 With horse-hair wig and ochred cheeks. 1878J. Guthrie Heroes of Faith 51 The ochred skin of the savage.
Hence ochreing |ˈəʊkərɪŋ|, vbl. n.
1896Daily News 9 Dec. 5/1 The yellow ochreing of the Southdowns has been practised for some time.
▪ III. ochre
variant of okra. |