| 释义 |
-oid, suffix|ɔɪd, əʊɪd|
ad. mod.L. -oīdēs, Gr. -οειδής, i.e. -ο- of prec. element or connective + -ειδής ‘having the form or likeness of’, ‘like’, f. εἶδος form; cf. L. -i-formis: see -form. (A parallel Gr. formative was -ώδης: see -ode1.) Examples: αἱµατοειδής (αἱµατώδης) ‘like blood, of the appearance of blood, hæmatoid’; ἀνθρωποειδής ‘of human form, manlike, anthropoid’. In other mod. langs., as in Gr. and L., the o and i make distinct syllables (L. anthrōpoīdēs, F. anthropoïde, Ger. anthropoïd); in Eng. also, some pronounce |ænθrəʊˈpəʊɪd|, but the prevalent pronunciation of the suffix (and in many words, as alkaloid, asteroid, the only one) is with the diphthong (oi) as in void.
Extensively used in scientific terms, taken from Greek prototypes, or formed on Gr. (rarely L.) words. These are primarily adjs. with the sense ‘having the form or nature of, resembling, allied to’; but also (as sometimes in Gr.) ns., in the sense of ‘something having the form or appearance of, something related or allied in structure, but not identical’. The ns. are esp. numerous in Mathematics, where, in imitation of rhomboid (Gr. ῥοµβοειδής approaching a lozenge (ῥόµβος) in shape, a rhomboid) and trapezoid (Gr. τραπεζοειδής having somewhat of the form of a table (τράπεζα)), the suffix has been used to form the names of many geometrical figures.
Examples:—(adj.) Anat. adenoid, arachnoid, arytenoid, coracoid, hyoid, sigmoid, thyroid; Zool. amœboid, anthropoid, cancroid, crinoid, echinoid, hydroid, ichthyoid, medusoid, simioid; Bot. ovoid, scorpioid.
(ns.) Math. cardioid, cycloid, ellipsoid, hyperboloid, rhomboid, spheroid, trapezoid; Astron. asteroid, planetoid; Chem. albuminoid, alkaloid, amyloid, colloid, crystalloid, metalloid, selenoid; Bot. aroid, fucoid, rhizoid; Zool. zooid; Min. amygdaloid.
The mod.L. -oïda, -oïdea, -oïdeæ, -oïdei, -oïdeus (Eng. -oideous), are derivatives of -oī̈dēs, -oid.
-oidal. When the form in -oid is a n., an adj. is formed in -oidal (see -al1); as conchoidal, cycloidal, rhomboidal, trapezoidal; so alkaloidal, asteroidal, fucoidal, etc. |