| 释义 |
▪ I. opaque, a. (n.)|əʊˈpeɪk|
Forms: 5–9 opake, (7 opace, 7–8 opac), 8 opaac, 7– opaque.
[ad. L. opāc-us shaded, darkened, dark, whence also It., Sp., Pg. opaco, F. opaque (c 1500 in Hatz.-Darm.); hence the current Eng. spelling, which is rare before the 19th c.]
A. adj.
†1.
a. Lying in shadow; not illuminated, darkened, obscure. Obs.
c1420Pallad. on Husb. ii. 262 They honge hem vp in place opake and drie. 1647H. More Poems 53 The Nights nimble net That doth encompasse every opake ball, That swims in liquid air. 1696Whiston Th. Earth (1722) 37 The Opake and obscure parts were..perfectly inconsiderable. 1775Chron. in Ann. Reg. 110/1 The light of the sun was somewhat opake, by the shadows, as if two or three digits were eclipsed.
b. Of a body or surface: Not reflecting or emitting light; not shining or lustrous, dull, dark.
1794G. Adams Nat. & Exp. Philos. IV. xxxvii. 11 The planets are all opake, or dark bodies. 1800tr. Lagrange's Chem. I. 293 It has an opake colour, interspersed with yellowish spots. 1826Kirby & Sp. Entomol. IV. 284 Opaque,..a surface which does not reflect the light at all. 1847Emerson Poems (1857) 154 Thou, in our astronomy An opaker star. 1877Black Green Past. xxxvii, An opaque, solid green—not unlike sealing-wax.
2. a. Impermeable to light, not transmitting light, not transparent; hence, impenetrable to sight; spec. of glass which is not translucent.
1641French Distill. v. (1651) 168 If you would have this masse not to be transparent but opac. 1664Power Exp. Philos. ii. 103 These Luminous and Opace Bodies (I mean the Starrs and Planets). 1667Milton P.L. iii. 619 Whence no way round Shadow from body opaque can fall. 1697J. Petiver in Phil. Trans. XIX. 678 Its Leaves are stiff..and opake (i.e.) not to be seen through. 1727A. Moreton On Apparitions 26 They are habitable bodies, solid, opaac as this earth. 1818Faraday Exp. Res. vii. 19 Exposed to the air these crystals became opake. 1836E. W. Lane Acct. Manners & Customs Mod. Egyptians II. 368 There is a very common kind [of bracelet]..of opaque, coloured glass, generally blue or green. 1867Baker Nile Tribut. xii. 314 The lions..having the advantage of thick and opaque jungle. 1869Tyndall Notes Lect. Light 21 It is the frequency of the reflexions at the limiting surfaces of air and water that renders foam opaque. 1878A. Nesbitt Descr. Catal. Glass Vessels S. Kensington Mus. p. ii, It can be produced either wholly devoid of colour or tinted with any hue, and either opaque or transparent, without loss of brilliancy. 1907E. Dillon Glass xvii. 291 Much opaque white glass was made in Germany..in the first years of the eighteenth century... At South Kensington may be seen a covered beaker of this milchglas elaborately painted. 1926W. Buckley European Glass ii. 11 The Venetians in the 14th century made an opaque red glass resembling jaspar. 1961E. M. Elville Collector's Dict. Glass. 145/1 Nine out of every ten glasses with opaque-twist stems will show an unknopped stem.
b. transf. Not transmitting heat, sound, etc.
1876Tait Rec. Adv. Phys. Sc. viii. (ed. 2) 205 Extremely opaque to radiant heat. 1903Pusey & Caldwell Pract. Application Röntgen Rays vi. 133 It will be a great help to the radiographer if the dressings are of a material which is not opaque to the ray. 1937I. C. C. Tchaperoff Man. Radiol. Diagnosis iv. 167 The emphysematous area remains transparent in the radiograph of full expiration, whereas the normal areas become more opaque on expiration. 1972Jrnl. Ultrastruct. Res. XXXIX. 580 The transverse..tubules and sarcoplasmic reticulum..of Limulus myocardium have been examined by infusing hearts with materials which either produce electron-opaque reaction products..or which are inherently electron opaque.
3. fig.
a. Hard to understand or make out; not clear, lucid, or distinct; obscure.
1761Sterne Tr. Shandy III. xx. Auth. Pref., To darken your hypothesis by placing a number of tall, opake words..betwixt your own and your readers' conception. 1789Burney Hist. Mus. (ed. 2) I. ii. 242 An opake expression, upon which they are utterly unable to throw a single ray of light. 1845Carlyle Cromwell (1871) I. 94 Whoever wishes..may consult the opaque but authentic Commons Journals.
b. Impervious to reason, unintelligent, dense, obtuse, dull.
[1755Young Centaur vi. Wks. 1757 IV. 260 We have in abundance..lunar great men. Men in themselves opaque, who borrow beams, from their circumstances, or situation.] 1850Carlyle Latter-d. Pamph. i, A fund of purblind obduracy, of opaque flunkeyism grown truculent and transcendent. 1882Mrs. Oliphant Lit. Hist. Eng. III. 227 Too opaque to understand her husband's jeers.
c. Phonology. Of a rule: that cannot be extrapolated from every occurrence of the phenomenon; in which not every context implies the rule.
1971P. Kiparsky in W. O. Dingwall Survey Linguistic Sci. 621 Define the concept opacity of a rule as follows:..A rule A→B/C–D is opaque to the extent that there are surface representations of the form (i) A in environment C–D or (ii) B in environment other than C–D... Let us refer to the converse of opacity as transparency. 1974S. R. Anderson Organization of Phonol. xii. 209 Kiparsky gives examples..in which historical change can be seen to operate on nontransparent (or opaque) rules so as to make them more transparent or to eliminate them from the grammar. Ibid. xiii. 250 If we disregard the second possible application instead, we derive djalum + ba: + daŋ + be:, which is not opaque because the long vowels are not adjacent. 1977Language LIII. 18 Palatalization is opaque to the extent that there are, on the surface, some palatalized consonants not in the environment of a following i.
4. Comb., as opaque-souled adj.
1793Burns Let. to Ainslie 26 Apr., If any opaque-souled lubber of mankind complain.
B. n.
1. a. Something opaque; a medium or space through which light cannot pass. Also fig.
1742Young Nt. Th. i. 43 Thro' this opaque of nature, and of soul, This double night, transmit one pitying ray, To lighten, and to chear. 1814Southey Roderick xxi. 429, I watch'd..And deem'd the deep opake would blot her beams. 1822W. Tennant Thane of Fife i. 10 That arrowed through th' opaque their forky fire. 1824S. E. Ferrier Inher. xxxvi, The light began to penetrate the dim opaque of his understanding. 1903Westm. Gaz. 20 Aug. 4/1 A red batiste of voile or open canvas is more lovable than a red face-cloth or serge or tweed or linen; and, again, it is to be noted how of these red opaques the linen is better than the others. 1969Earth & Planetary Sci. Lett. VII. 237/1 All the samples showed some effects—oxidation of the opaques and reddening of the silicates. 1976Nature 22 Jan. 196/1 The Santiago lavas contain up to 10% phenocrysts of olivine and plagioclase in a matrix of plagioclase laths, clinopyroxene, olivine and opaques.
b. A shade for the eyes.
1900Westm. Gaz. 21 Jan. 1/2 Mr. B., who has suffered by a lamp explosion, appeared with an opaque stuck over his forehead for the protection of his eyes from the rays of electric light.
2. Photogr.
a. A water colour or other substance for producing opaque areas on negatives, as in retouching.
1908Schriever & Cummings Compl. Self-Instructing Libr. Pract. Photogr. IV. xl. 322 To make the opaque, add one ounce of No. 1 to four ounces of No. 2. 1943Chem. Abstr. XXXVII. 1946 (heading) Removing opaque from photographic negatives. 1953A. Sussman Amat. Photographer's Handbk. (ed. 4) xiv. 254 To spot a negative you can use a little India ink or you can buy a cake of opaque.
b. A print made on opaque paper.
1959Recomm. for Density & Contrast Range of Monochrome Films (B.S.I.) 5 Prints of black-and-white photographic opaques should be made in such a way that a middle tone..will have a reflection density within the range 0·5 to 0·7. 1969Focal Encycl. Film & Television Techniques 518/1 Opaque, term contrasting with transparency, such as a lantern slide, to denote a printed picture on opaque paper.
▪ II. oˈpaque, v.
[f. opaque a.: cf. L. opācāre to opacate.]
trans. To render opaque. Hence oˈpaqu(e)ing ppl. a. and vbl. n.
1880S. Lanier Poems, Crystal 23 Not one but winks His ray, opaqued with intermittent mist. 1888Sci. Amer. LIX. 235/3 The most..practical way of opaqueing the backgrounds on negatives of furniture. 1912E. Heilmann Brit. Pat. 26,498, Materials which cannot be used alone as opaquing substances for enamel, yield good opaquing effects when heated so highly as to form spinels. 1913Chem. Abstr. VII. 2460 Opaqueing agents for white enamels. 1967E. Chambers Photolitho-Offset v. 52 Opaquing is used for spotting out pinholes, edge lines and other undesirable marking on the negatives. 1967Karch & Buber Offset Processes v. 195 Paint out these holes and scratches..with an opaquing solution. |