| 释义 |
osmoregulation Physiol.|ˌɒzməʊrɛgjʊˈleɪʃən|
[a. G. osmoregulation (used, prob. for the first time, by R. Höber 1906, in Physik. Chem. der Zelle und der Gewebe (ed. 2) ii. 31): see osmo-2 and regulation.]
The maintenance of a more or less constant osmotic pressure in the body fluids of an organism.
1931Q. Cumulative Index Med. IX. 870/2 (heading), Disturbances of osmoregulation in experimental uremia. 1932Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imperial Univ. VII. 229 (heading) On the osmoregulation of the blood of several marine and fresh water molluscs. 1964Oceanogr. & Marine Biol. II. 306 Osmo-regulation is known in all bony fishes. 1971Nature 16 Apr. 469/2 The role of the amphibian urinary bladder in osmoregulation is well documented.
Hence osmoˈregulate v. intr., to maintain the osmotic pressure of the body fluids at a constant level; osmoˈregulating vbl. n.; osmoˈregulator, an organ or part of the body concerned in osmoregulation; an organism capable of osmoregulation; ˌosmoreguˈlatory a. [ad. G. osmoregulatorisch (Höber loc. cit.)], of, pertaining to, or effecting osmoregulation.
1911Stedman Med. Dict. 616/2 Osmoregulatory, influencing the degree and rapidity of osmosis. 1927Biol. Abstr. I. 238/2 Parellel experiments with sucrose instead of urea showed that the more rapid recovery from plasmolysis in etherized solutions was due to more rapid penetration of urea, not to any osmoregulatory or ether stimulus to the production of new cell solutes. 1935Biol. Rev. X. 357 The excretory organs of numerous fresh⁓water animals act as osmoregulators. 1958Jrnl. Exper. Biol. XXXV. 234 The very great osmo-regulating ability of Artemia has been described. Ibid. 241 Animals whose branchial epithelium has been damaged by a brief exposure to saturated KMnO4 solution have lost the ability to osmo-regulate. 1959Southwood & Leston Land & Water Bugs Brit. Isles xiv. 395 Its osmo-regulatory mechanism enables the bug to live in waters with from 5 to about 18 parts per thousand of salt in solution. 1960Biol. Abstr. XXXV. 2729/2 The degree of activity of their osmoregulating mechanisms. 1963R. P. Dales Annelids v. 109 In view of the lack of evidence that the nephridia do more than act as drains as far as nitrogenous wastes are concerned, we can but incline to the view that they are primarily osmoregulators. 1964Oceanogr. & Marine Biol. II. 307 Holeurysaline osmo-regulators can regulate in salinities ranging from that of pure fresh water to that of full strength sea water or higher. 1969New Scientist 30 Jan. 243/1 Herring embryos could osmoregulate even before chloride cells had developed. 1970Nature 24 Oct. 378/1 A primary osmoregulatory function of prolactin is the reduction of extrarenal sodium outflux. |