| 释义 |
▪ I. china2|ˈtʃaɪna|
[From China the country, whence brought to Europe; early names were Radix Chinæ and Tuber Chinæ; the Ayeen Akb. (Pers.) calls it chob-chīnī ‘China-wood’; cf. Pg. raiz de China, pao de China, (F. bois d'eschine). The French synonym esquine, squine, and mod.Lat. schina, point to confusion with some other word.
(App. with med.L. schīnus mastic tree: cf. Susannah (Daniel xiii.) 54 sub schino, LXX. ὑπὸ σχῖνον.)]
1. The thick fleshy root-stock of a shrubby climbing plant (Smilax China L.) closely akin to Sarsaparilla, and once supposed to possess great medicinal virtues.
a. China root.
[1563Garcia de Orta Simples 177 Alguma raiz ou pao de China.] 1587T. Harriot Virginia in Hakluyt (1599) II. 272 The China root brought from the East Indies. 1598W. Phillips Linschoten's Trav. Ind. (1864) 195 They heale them with the root China. 1697W. Dampier Voy. (1698) I. xv. 409 China affords Drugs in great abundance; especially China Root. 1741Compl. Fam.-Piece i. i. 19 Take..3 Ounces of China Roots. 1866Treas. Bot. 1066 China root..first introduced from China in a.d. 1535, as an infallible remedy for gout.
b. China.
1582J. Hester Secr. Phiorav. iii. xlvii. 67 This China is a roote like vnto the roote of Canna, the whiche is brought vnto vs, out of India, from an Ile called China, from whence it tooke his name China. 1633Gerard's Herbal App. xxv, China..to cure the French Pox. c1690B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, Aristippus, a Decoction of Sarsa, China, etc.
2. American or Bastard China: the root of Smilax pseudo-China of W. Indies and Carolina, still employed in America as an alterative medicine; Carolina China-root, Smilax tamnoides; West Indian China-root (Cissus sicyoides), a tropical plant closely resembling the vine.
1580Frampton Joyfull Newes 13 b, He said..that not only was there in the newe Spaine the China, but, etc. 1633Gerard's Herbal App. xxv. 1617 Of China, and Bastard China. 1673in Fox Bourne Locke (1876) I. vi. 326 By the last fleet I sent you a parcel of Carolina china-root. 1730Mortimer Carolina in Phil. Trans. XXXVI. 432 Smilax, the Inhabitants of Carolina..call it there China-Root. 1756P. Browne Jamaica 359 China-root is frequent in the more cool inland parts of Jamaica.
3. Comb., as China-ale, ale flavoured with China-root, whence China-alehouse; China-broth, broth made with China-root.
1659Newton in Brewster Life i. 18 Otiose et frustra expensa, sherbet and reaskes, *China ale, Beere.
1662–3Pepys 17 Jan., Thence with him to the *China ale-house. 1713Lond. & Country Brew. iii. (1743) 193 To make China-Ale. To six Gallons of Ale take 1/4 lb. or more of China-root thin sliced, etc. 1621Burton Anat. Mel. i. ii. ii. ii. (1651) 75 A dyet drink in the morning, Cock-broth, China-broth.
▪ II. china3|ˈkaɪna, ˈkiːna|
[a variant spelling of kina or quina (see quinine n.), the Peruvian word for bark, whence kina-kina ‘bark of barks’ Peruvian bark or Cinchona.]
1. ‘A name of Cinchona bark’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.); chiefly used in pharmacy, as Calisaya China, the bark of Cinchona cardifolia; Huamalies China, that of C. pubescens; Huanuco China, Loxa China, etc. (Also applied to the bark of other cinchonaceous trees.) Also a homœopathic medicine prepared from cinchona.
1866Treas. Bot., China Bark, the bark of Buena hexandra, an indifferent febrifuge.
2. In comb. or derivation chin- = quin-. |