| 释义 |
▪ I. apply, v.|əˈplaɪ|
Forms: 4–6 aplie, 5 aplye; 4–6 applie, 5–6 applye, 6– apply.
[a. OFr. aplie-r:—L. applicā-re, f. ap- = ad- to + plicā-re to fold. Cf. applique, a. later Fr. appliquer.]
I. To put a thing into practical contact with another.
1. a. trans. To bring into, or place in, more or less prolonged contact, or effective proximity; to put close to; e.g. to apply a light, heat, a foot-rule to. Formerly said of bringing together men or things generally; also of fastening or sticking.
1382Wyclif 1 Sam. xiv. 38 Aplieth hidir [1388 Brynge ȝe hidur] alle the corners of the puple. 1388― Numb. xvi. 5 He schal applie to hym hooli men. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. v. xxiii. (1495) 130 His [a frogges] tongue is aplied the mouth afore. 1530Palsgr. 434/1, I applye one thyng to another, Je applicque. Applye them togyther, and than you shall se there is a great difference. 1635Austin Med. 177 Thomas applyed Christ to himselfe by touching. 1718Pope Iliad i. 769 Each to his lips applied the nectar'd urn. 1854Scoffern in Orr's Circ. Sc. Chem. 333 On applying heat to the retort. 1874Lubbock Orig. & Met. Insects i. 18 The head is applied against the breast.
b. esp. in Geom. To bring lines or figures into contact extending over some space or area.
1660Barrow Euclid i. Ax. viii, The parts of the one being applyed to the parts of the other. 1695W. Alingham Geom. Epit. 12 A right line is said to be applied in a Circle, when the ends thereof fall upon the circumference. 1862Todhunter Euclid i. iv, If the triangle ABC be applied to DEF so that the point A may be on D.
c. Dressmaking. To lay on as appliqué; to trim or ornament with appliqué.
1880E. Glaister Needlework v. 49 The heraldic figures..are applied in white cloth. 1882Caulfeild & Saward Dict. Needlework 12/1 The foundation was generally muslin, and the net applied or let in. 1901Westm. Gaz. 14 Mar. 4/2 Everything is applied with insertions or cut-out flowers and figures of lace.
†2. intr.
a. To come into contact, join itself, attain to.
b. To be in contact, fit closely, adhere, stick to. Obs.
c1374Chaucer Boeth. v. iv. 161 Þe moeuynge of þe resoun of mankynde ne may nat moeuen to, þat is to sein, applien, or ioygnen, to þe simplicite of þe deuyne prescience. c1430Lydg. Bochas vii. v. (1554) 169 a, Euery vyce to other doth applye. 1530Palsgr. 434/2, I applye or cleave..as glue dothe to a tree or thynges that be glued, Je adhers. 1693Moulen in Phil. Trans. XVII. 624 This Sand did apply to the Magnet. 1793Smeaton Edystone L. §121 The manner in which it [the building] was to apply to the rock.
3. trans. To place (a plaster, unguent, or the like) in effective contact with the body; hence, to administer a remedy of any kind.
1541R. Copland Guydon's Quest. Cyrurg., Wherfore are horse leaches applyed? 1579Langham Gard. Health (1633) 459 Apply the iuyce to any wound. 1590Shakes. Mids. N. iii. ii. 450 Ile apply [to] your eie gentle louer, remedy. 1747in Col. Rec. Penn. V. 93 The most speedy Remedy, which..is not in our Power to Apply. 1806–31A. Knox Rem. (1844) I. 45 Such palliatives as it is fully in his..power to apply. Mod. Apply a mustard plaster to the chest.
4. fig. and transf. To administer to, to bring (a thing) to bear upon, in order to produce an effect.
1596Spenser F.Q. ii. xii. 32 To Guyon..Their pleasaunt tunes they sweetly thus applyde. 1633Bp. Hall Hard Texts 5, I..can only apply unto you the outward sign of baptism. 1646Fuller Wounded Consc. (1841) 289 To apply comfort to him who is not..ready for it. 1817Jas. Mill Brit. India II. v. v. 502 They applied coercion to the English resident.
5. To put to a special use or purpose; to devote, appropriate to.
c1460Lydg. in Rel. Ant. I. 157 The best morsell..Hole to thiself alway do not applye. c1460Fortescue Abs. & Lim. Mon. (1714) 44 Pondage and Tonnage..owght to be applyyd only to the kepyng of the See. 1667–8Marvell Corr. 87 Wks. 1872–5 II. 234 The Poll money hath likewise been applyd to the use of the warre. 1793Smeaton Edystone L. §146 Having procured a carpenter to be applied to that purpose. 1848Mill Pol. Econ. v. v. §1 The act of directing industry to a particular employment is described by the phrase ‘applying capital’ to the employment.
6. To put to use; to employ, spend, dispose of.
1502Arnold Chron. (1811) 276 Whether ony executor..applye or appropir ony thing of the goodis of the deed man. 1534Ld. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. (1546) C., [He] hadde applied the moste parte of his lyfe in warre. 1712Steele Spect. No. 485 ⁋2 Knife or a pistol, if he finds stomach to apply them. 1832H. Martineau Life in Wilds ii. 28 They know how to apply their labour.
7. To make use of (a word) in special reference to, or to describe or characterize (a thing).
1628Coke On Litt. 121/2 Regardant..is..only applyed to a villeine. 1690Locke Hum. Und. iii. x. (R.) He that applied the words..to ideas different to those to which the common use applies them. 1877W. Lytteil Landm. i. i. 17 The word fell is applied to rocky heights, peaks, and cliffs.
8. To bring (a law, rule, test, principle, etc.) into contact with facts, to bring to bear practically, to put into practical operation. (Cf. to apply a foot-rule to a wall, a test to a mineral, a principle to actions.)
1586Cogan Haven Health (1636) 293 These precepts..must bee applyed particularly to every man's owne estate. 1754Sherlock Disc. (1759) I. i. 35 The Difficulty is, how to apply this Rule. 1810Coleridge Friend (1865) 125 The principles which our understandings are to apply. 1859Ecce Homo iv. 29 By applying practical tests.
9. To give (to a general, theoretical, or figurative statement) a specific reference to a particular instance; to use it as relative or suitable to.
c1375Wyclif Sel. Wks. 1871 II. 394 Wordis..which semen best þus to be aplied. 1509Fisher Wks. (1876) 289 Which dyalogue I wolde applye vnto this noble prynces. 1659Pearson Creed (1839) 325 The apostle repeated the words of the Psalmist, and then applied them. 1749Fielding Tom Jones (1836) II. xi. ix. 82 To apply all this to the Bœotian writers. 1767Fordyce Serm. Yng. Wom. II. xi. 169, I leave you to apply the remark. 1853Robertson Serm. Ser. iii. xvii. 218 Two ways in which this deep truth applies itself.
10. intr. To have a practical bearing upon, a valid or suitable reference to.
1790Paley Hor. Paul. i. 3 This test applies to every supposition. 1851Maurice Proph. & Kings 18 This observation applies to Saul's history. 1866J. Martineau Ess. I. 95 It will apply no less to our own case.
†11. trans. To connect with attributively or causally, to refer, ascribe. Obs.
1393Gower Conf. III. 121 Unto this signe [i.e. Virgo] is Augst applied. 1530Palsgr. 434/2, I applye or assyne the cause of a mater to a persone, Jattribue: I applye the cause herof to the malyce of Saturne. 1709Pope Ess. Crit. 396 Thus Wit, like Faith, by each man is apply'd To one small sect, and all are damn'd beside.
†12. To connect with by association of similarity, compare, liken. Obs.
1588Mellis Briefe Instr. B iij, A marchant may be applied vnto Argus. 1661Tatham Lond. Tri. in Heath Grocers' Comp. (1869) 482 My woes may aptly be apply'd to theirs That lost their king.
II. To bring oneself into close practical contact with a pursuit.
13. To give or devote (any faculty) assiduously to some pursuit, or to do something.
c1450Pol. Rel. & L. Poems (1866) 49 Of here beaute sum⁓what too say I will applye my wittes all. 1530Palsgr. 434/2, I applye or gyve my mynde to a thyng, Je madonne. 1535Coverdale Ps. lxxxix. 12 That we maye applie oure hertes vnto wyssdome. 1673Ray Journ. Low Countr. 200, I applyed my mind to consider..the physical reason of it. c1746Hervey Medit. (1818) 160 Apply your thoughts to religion. Mod. He does not apply his mind to his lessons.
14. refl. To set oneself closely to a task or to do something.
a1400Cov. Myst. 34, I wyl fforthwith applye me therto. 1477Earl Rivers (Caxton) Dictes 9 Applying him self to do good dedis. 1594J. Dickenson Arisbas (1878) 88 He and his accursed companions applied themselves wholly to myrth. 1631Markham Way to Wealth i. i. ii. (1668) 19 [He] stubbornly applyes himself to disobey you. 1711Addison Spect. No. 1 ⁋3, I applied myself..to my Studies. 1818Scott Hrt. Midl. 188 She..applied herself to her sister's relief. 1874Blackie Self-Cult. 70 He could apply himself..to comprehend two such antipodal characters.
15. intr. in same sense: To attend assiduously (to).
c1485Digby Myst. iii. 1982 My londdes to gyddyn I must a-plye. 1605Shakes. Macb. iii. ii. 30 Let your remembrance apply to Banquo. 1740Chesterfield Lett. I. lix. 167 The more you apply, the easier you will find your learning. 1774S. Hallifax Anal. Rom. Law (1795) Pref. 16 Those who apply to the study of the Common Law. 1817W. Taylor in Month. Rev. LXXXIII. 492 He applied to English literature. 1848C. Brontë J. Eyre (1857) 103, I found my pupil..disinclined to apply.
†16. trans. To devote one's energy to, to handle vigorously; to wield, practise.
a. one's business, or any pursuit or activity.
b. an implement or tool. Obs. and replaced by ply.
1495Plumpton Corr. 123 That the poor man for dread dare not apply his busines. 1531Elyot Gov. (1834) 111 Quintius..repaired again to his plough and applied it diligently. 1549Latimer 7 Serm. bef. Edw. VI (Arb.) 53 The[y] applye the world harde. 1555Fardle of Facions ii. i. 116 The mooste parte of the Sabeis apply husbandrye. 1577Harrison England i. ii. i. 18 A notable spurre unto all..to applie their bookes. 1616Surfl. & Markh. Countr. Farm 391 You shall apply him [the horse] at least three or foure times a day. 1662Fuller Worthies (1840) III. 402 That he might the more effectually apply his private devotions. 1667Milton P.L. iv. 264 The birds thir quire apply.
†17. To keep at (a person) with (something presented to his attention). Obs.; but see ply.
1559Myrr. Mag., Dk. Suffolk xxii. 1 [They] applyed the Parliament with billes. 1590Swinburn Testaments 243 [If she] busily applie him with sweete and flattering speeches. 1594Willobie in Shaks. C. Praise 10 Apply her still with dyvers thinges.
III. To bend, conform, or adapt to.
18. trans. To bend (the mind or oneself). refl. To comply, conform, be subservient to. Obs.
1413Lydg. Pylgr. Sowle i. xxxvi. 40 As he wylle that shal be done, we shal applye vs fully withoute ayenseynge. 1509Barclay Ship of Fools (1570) 18 Priamus his minde would not apply To the counsayle of Cassandra. 1533Anne Boleyn's Fort. in Furnivall MS. Ball. I. 406 Wholy applyinge himselfe to the Kings humour. 1622Heylin Cosmogr. iii. (1673) 8/1 Applying themselves unto the times, they were alwaies favourable to the strongest.
†19. intr. To comply, hearken, consent to. Obs.
c1460Play Sacr. 825 Onto our prayers thow hast applyed. 1494Fabyan 4 The Scottes that neuer coude apply To kepe theyr Allegeaunce. a1553Udall Roister D. iv. v, To bee his wife I ne graunt nor apply. 1553–87Foxe A. & M. (1596) 88/2 If she would applie to his request, she should be..set at libertie.
†20. refl. To adapt or suit oneself to, to suit. Obs.
1574tr. Marlorat's Apoc. 3 God applieth himselfe not a little vnto our affections. 1605Bacon Adv. Learn. i. iii. §7 They fail sometimes in applying themselves to particular persons.
†21. intr. (as in prec.) Obs.
c1450Lonelich Grail xxxiii. 296 Al manere of delicasye That to ony mannes wyt may applye. Ibid. xxvii. 141 Wenges that lyhtly wolde folde And aplyen to his flyht. 1598Shakes. Merry W. ii. ii. 247 Would it apply well to the vehemency of your affection that I should, etc. 1605Bacon Adv. Learn. ii. xxii. §3 The precedent state or disposition, unto which we do apply.
IV. To bend or direct a ship, one's course, oneself, one's words to. (Cf. L. applicare (navem), and accost, address.)
†22. trans. To bring (a ship) to land; to direct or steer (a ship, her course, one's course, etc.). Obs.
1576Sir T. Smith in Wright Lett. Q. Eliz. (1838) II. 33 To whether haven I shall applie my ship. 1596Spenser F.Q. v. iv. 21 To whom his course he hastily applide. 1613W. Browne Brit. Past. i. i. (1772) I. 19 To a grove at hand her steps applide.
†23. refl. To direct oneself, make one's way (by ship or otherwise) to. Obs.
c1450Lonelich Graal II. 133 To theke contre he wolde don hem aplye. a1618Raleigh Observ. (1651) 45 Light things apply themselves upwards.
†24. intr.
a. To land, arrive.
b. To steer, proceed, betake oneself, go. Obs.
1382Wyclif 1 Macc. iii. 42 The oost appliede, or londide, at the coostis of hem. c1450Lonelich Grail xxi. 41 This schip to þe rocke gan aplye. 1545State Papers Hen. VIII, I. 816 With the nexte fludde..we entend tapplye towardes Dover. 1662R. Mathew Unl. Alch. §89. 146 A Woman taken sick of a violent Fever..presently applied to her Bed. 1677Moxon Mech. Exerc. (1703) 99 [He] then lets it go again, so that it swiftly applies to its first position. 1759Martin Nat. Hist. I. 17 In such prodigious shoals do the Pilchards apply to the Cornish Coasts. 1819J. Wilson Dict. Astrol. 10 Planets preceding apply to those that follow.
†25. trans. To go to, visit. Obs. rare.
1596Chapman Iliad xi. 61 (N.) He applied each place so fast.
†26. trans. To address or direct (words) to. Obs.
[Cf.1596in 4.] 1667Milton P.L. x. 172 God at last To Satan, first in sin, his doom apply'd, Though in mysterious terms. a1744Pope (J.) Sacred vows and mystic song apply'd To grisly Pluto.
†27. refl. to apply oneself: in same sense as next. Obs.
1650T. B. Worcester's Apophth. 22, I spied a young man..I applyed myself to him. 1691T. H[ale] New Invent. 53 Howard and Company further applyed themselves to..the Admiralty in their humble Memorial. 1711Addison Spect. No. 117 ⁋3 An old Woman applied herself to me for my Charity. 1743M. Tomlinson Prot. Birthr. 18 Apply ourselves to Persons of Learning and Integrity.
†28. intr. with to.
a. To appeal to, address (obs.).
b. To address oneself for information or aid, to have recourse, make application to. (Also pass. e.g. I have been applied to for a certificate.)
c1642Rogers (J.) God knows every faculty and passion, and in what manner they can be most successfully applied to. a1680Butler Rem. (1759) II. 13 Those who apply to Men's Fancies and Humours. 1759Robertson Hist. Scotl. I. ii. 121 The French king..applied to the parliament of Scotland. 1769Junius Lett. xxxv. 163 He applied only to their honour, as gentlemen, for protection. 1774J. Bryant Mythol. I. 48 His temples were applied to as oracular. 1793Smeaton Edystone L. §262 On applying to the bridle..we found that the chain was dragging upon the rocks. 1802M. Edgeworth Moral T. (1816) I. xii. 98 A friend..to whom she resolved to apply in her distress. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 81 Exiles, who had come..to apply for succour.
▪ II. † aˈpply, n. Obs.
[f. prec. vb.]
1. Ply, trim, state.
a1600Sir Egeir 43 (Jam.) They found him in a good apply Both hay and corn and bread him by.
2. Application.
1657S. Colvil Whigs Supplic. (1751) 71 For the apply will be to Sharp. 1681Lond. Gaz. mdcliv/3 We envy much their more early Apply. |