| 释义 |
▪ I. overcast, n.|ˈəʊvəkɑːst, -kæst|
[f. overcast v. or ppl. a.]
1. A person or thing that is cast away, ‘thrown over’, or rejected; an outcast. Obs. exc. dial.
1569Golding Heminges Post. Ded. 3 All Estates, from the Magistrate to the poore afflicted overcast among men. 1868Salmon Gowodean 70 (E.D.D.) Gipsy ow'rcast..found stickin' in the fen.
2. Something cast or spread over; a covering, coating; a cloud covering the sky or part of it, as in dull or threatening weather (also fig.); spec. in Aeronaut., cloud-cover which restricts visibility and necessitates reliance on instruments for navigation.
1686Goad Celest. Bodies i. iii. 10 [If not a Fog] something cognate to it, a little Frost perhaps, or thin Overcast. 1798Mitchell tr. Karsten's Min. of Leskean Mus. 284 Red Scaly Iron Ore as a very thin overcast. 1809Malkin Gil Blas v. i. ⁋25 The lowering overcast of his swarthy aspect. 1895Daily News 27 June 3/1 The dangerous formation of clouds that fringed the overcast of steel blue. 1938[see contact flying s.v. contact n. 6]. 1942Tee Emm (Air Ministry) II. 69 In the past you scraped above the undergrowth, now, through the overcast. 1946Happy Landings (Air Ministry) July 5/1 The aircraft..was seen emerging from the overcast. 1946R. A. McFarland Human Factors Air Transport Design ix. 396 The flight was progressing normally at an altitude of 10,000 ft until it entered a rapidly forming thunderstorm. Shortly thereafter, parts of the plane began to fall from the overcast. 1967S. Blanc Rose Window (1968) xix. 183 It was only mid-morning and a high overcast that obscured the sun had not yet burned away. 1972B. F. Conners Don't embarrass Bureau (1973) i. 6 He felt the sun starting to burn through the overcast as he climbed the ladder.
†3. A reckoning or calculation above the true amount. Obs.
1771Connect. Col. Rec. (1885) XIII. 482 There was an overcast made by the listers upon the grand levy of the year 1761, of the sum of {pstlg}427 0 0. 1772Ibid. XIII. 579 Abatements for over-cast of the list..shall be made.
4. Mining. A bridge which carries one subterranean air-passage over another.
1867Morning Star 12 Jan., We went up the board-gate to the overcast or archway supporting a roadway above, and we found that standing, but an overcast further on near the ending was blown down.
5. Needlework. = overcasting 4, overcast work.
c1840Lady Wilton Art of Needlework xx. 317 There is back stitch—overcast—and seam stitch. 1867C. Austen My Aunt Jane Austen (1952) 7 She was a great adept at overcast and satin stitch—the peculiar delight of that day. 1891Weldon's Pract. Needlewk. VI. No. 68. 12/1 When working the overcast be careful to make each stitch as nearly as can be the same in size.
6. Comb. overcast-staff (see quot.); overcast-stitch (see overcast v. 7).
1769Falconer Dict. Marine (1789), Over-cast-staff, a scale, or measure, employed by shipwrights to determine the difference between the curves of those timbers which are placed near the greatest breadth, and those which are situated near the extremities of the keel, where the floor rises and grows narrower.
▪ II. overcast, v.|əʊvəˈkɑːst, -kæst|
Forms: see over and cast.
[over- 6, etc.: see below.]
1. a. trans. To overthrow, overturn, cast down, upset (lit. and fig.). Obs. exc. dial. [over- 6.]
a1225Ancr. R. 275 Þet nis..nout monlich, auh is wummonlich, eð to ouerkesten. a1300Cursor M. 14733 [Iesus] þair bordes ouerkest, þair penis spilt. c1440Boctus (Laud MS. 559 lf. 10 b), His travaylle thus was ouer caste. 1548Udall Erasm. Par. Pref. 5 b, Honey is waloweish and ouercasteth the stomake, if it be plenteously taken by it selfe alone. 1710Swift On Lit. House by Churchyard 6 Once on a time a western blast, At least twelve inches over⁓cast. 1873Murdoch Doric Lyre 7 (E.D.D.) Theekit stacks the bangster blast Had shaken as 'twad them owrecast.
†b. To turn over. Obs.
c1430Two Cookery-bks. 49 Opyn hem a-bowte þe myddel; and ouer-cast þe openyng vppon þe lede [= lid]. 1570Satir. Poems Reform. xx. 46 Auld bukis quha will ouer cast.
2. To cast or throw (something) over or above something else. Now rare. [over- 1, 8.]
c1330R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 70 To bank ouer þe sond, plankes þei ouer kast. 1470–85Malory Arthur vi. xvi, A Faucon..flewe vnto the elme to take her perche, the lunys ouer cast aboute a bough. c1580Sidney Ps. xvi. iv, Night with his black wing Sleepy Darknes doth orecast. 1742Pope Dunc. iv. 289 Thro' School and College, thy kind cloud o'ercast, Safe and unseen the young æneas past. 188.R. G. H[ill] Voices in Solitude 12 Thou..on my brightest days dost overcast A pleasing melancholy.
3. To cover, overspread, overlay (with something). Now rare in general sense. [over- 8.]
1390Gower Conf. I. 325 Thei ne mihte his hand ascape, That he his fyr on hem ne caste:..her herte he overcaste To folwe thilke lore. c1440Promp. Parv. 372/2 Ovyr caste, or ovyr hyllyd, pretectus, contectus. 1497Churchw. Acc. St. Mary Hill, Lond. (Nichols 1797) 94 A lode of lome to ovircast the floore. 1577Hanmer Anc. Eccl. Hist. (1619) 427 There is a loft overcast with the like rouffe. 1608Sylvester Du Bartas ii. iv. iii. Schism 1045 Her head..With dust and ashes is all over-cast. 1706Phillips (ed. Kersey), To Over-cast,..to case or line a Wall with Stone, etc. 1807J. Barlow Columb. i. 21 He saw the Atlantic heaven with light o'ercast.
4. a. spec. To cover or overspread with clouds, or with something that darkens or dulls the surface. Most frequently in pa. pple.; usually of the weather.
c1290Beket 1379 in S. Eng. Leg. I. 146 Ouer-cast heo is with þis cloudene. c1305St. Edmund 354 in E.E.P. (1862) 80 Þe grislikeste weder þat miȝte beo..ouercaste al þan toun. 1530Palsgr. 648/1 Se howe soone the sonne is overcaste for all the fayre mornyng. 1559W. Cuningham Cosmogr. Glasse 110 The skie is ouer cast with cloudes. 1635–56Cowley Davideis ii. 684 But Prophets angry Blood o'er⁓cast his Day. 1722De Foe Plague (Rtldg.) 270 A dark Cloud..overcasts the Air. 1846Grote Greece (1862) II. xi. 349 The fair sky was immediately overcast.
b. fig. To overshadow, render gloomy, darken.
c1386Chaucer Knt.'s T. 678 Right so kan geery Venus over caste The hertes of hir folk. 1571Golding Calvin on Ps. xi. 5 When sorowfull confusion of thinges overcasteth them with darknesse. 1614Raleigh Hist. World iii. (1634) 51 Xerxes..prayed Artabanus not to over-cast those joyes..with sad remembrances. 1725Pope Odyss. xviii. 181 Stung to the soul, o'ercast with holy dread. 1850W. R. Williams Relig. Prog. (1854) 210 It is his loss of this [holiness] that overcasts the eternal world and makes the expected vision of God one of terror.
5. intr. To become overspread with clouds; to become dark or gloomy. ? Obs. exc. dial.
c1400Destr. Troy 13157 All the calme ouercast into kene stormes, Full wodely the windes wackont aboue. 1511Sir R. Guylforde Pilgr. (Camden) 67 The wether bygan to ouer⁓caste with rayne, wynde, thondre. 1655W. Gurnall Chr. in Arm. i. 342 What day shines so fair, that over-casts not before night? 1725De Foe Voy. round World (1840) 333 In the evening it overcast and grew cloudy. 1900Norfolk Dial. (E.D.D.), It's overcasting for rain.
†6. trans. To transform. Obs. [over- 10.]
1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) I. 225 Þere was at Rome a bole of bras in þe schap of Iupiter ouercast and schape.
7. Needlework. To throw rough stitches over a raw edge or edges of cloth to prevent unravelling; to sew over and over; also, to strengthen or adorn such an edge by buttonhole- or blanket-stitch; in Embroidery, to cover overlaid threads or outlines by smooth and close oversewn stitches; in Bookbinding (see quot. 1956). [over- 5.]
1706Phillips (ed. Kersey), To Over-cast,..to whip a Seam, as Taylors do. 1819Metropolis II. 116 Whilst a tailor, and in the act of over-casting a button-hole. 1879R. J. Atcherley Boërland 258 The vein [is] closed by passing a pin transversely through the cut edges, and overcasting it with a hair plucked from the beast's tail. 1880J. W. Zaehnsdorf Art of Bookbinding iii. 13 Each section is then overcast or oversewn along its whole length. 1891Weldon's Pract. Needlewk. VI. No. 69. 8/2 Run a thread of cotton in darning stitch upon the line of tracing.., and overcast this in tiny close stitches of even size. 1893Ibid. VIII. 90. 9/2 A narrow margin..is filled with threads darned tolerably thickly.., and these threads are afterwards overcast, or sewn smoothly over. 1901[see overcast ppl. a. 3]. 1951L. Town Bookbinding by Hand xx. 244 At this point the book must be marked up for sewing, as this cannot be done after the sections have been overcast. 1956Bookman's Conc. Dict. 209/1 Overcast, to sew leaves, especially single leaves, in bookbinding, with a long hem-stitch style of sewing; also known as Whip Stitch. 1963B. C. Middleton Hist. Eng. Craft Bookbinding Technique iii. 25 The usual method..involves overcasting separately a series of groups of leaves.
8. To sum up in excess of the correct amount; to over-estimate. ? Obs. [over- 26.]
1622Bacon Hen. VII 17 The King, in his accompt of peace, and calmes, did much ouer-cast his fortunes. 1765J. Ingersoll Lett. Stamp-Act (1766) 49 'Tis most likely we rather under than overcast the probable Amount of it.
9. To throw off (illness or misfortune); to get over. Sc. [fig. from over- 5.]
1820Scott Monast. xiv, See that..the red stag does not gaul you as he did Diccon Thorburn, who never overcast the wound that he took from a buck's horn. a1904Mod. Sc. She hes gotten what she'll never owercast.
10. Bowls. (? intr.) To cast beyond the jack. (Also pass. in same sense.) ? Obs. [over- 13.]
1611Cotgr. s.v. Passé, Ie suis passé, I am gone, or ouer⁓cast, I haue throwne ouer, at Bowles, etc. 1681W. Robertson Phraseol. Gen. (1693) 964, I am overcast at bowls; ultra metam jeci. 1706Phillips (ed. Kersey), To Over-cast,..to throw beyond the Jack in Bowling.
▪ III. ˈoverˈcast, ppl. a.
(stress var.)
[Pa. pple. of prec.]
1. Cast away, overthrown, etc.: see the verb.
1569[see overcast n. 1]. 1688R. Holme Armoury iii. 243/1 A Spaniel..licking of the overcast Cream from the Churn-side. 1839I. Taylor Anc. Chr. I. ii. 221 Invited..to accept the overcast Christianity of Chrysostom.
2. Of the weather: Clouded over, dull, gloomy.
1625Bacon Ess., Gardens (Arb.) 564 For the Morning, and the Euening, or Ouer-cast Dayes. 1835W. Irving Tour Prairies 284 It was a raw overcast night.
3. Needlework. Sewn or embroidered by overcasting; overcast stitch, the stitch by which overcasting is done. Also in Bookbinding and Lace-making. (See overcast v. 7.)
1865F. B. Palliser Hist. Lace xiii. 181 It is only ‘bride ordinaire’;..very different from the clear ‘over-cast’ hexagon of the last century. 1891Weldon's Pract. Needlewk. VI. No. 68. 12/1 Overcast outline. Overcast stitch is a favourite outline for fine work. Ibid. No. 69. 10/2 The outline is embroidered in smooth overcast stitch. 1901D. Cockerell Bookbinding v. 81 To ‘overcast’ the first and last sections..fails in the object aimed at by merely transferring the strain to the back of the overcast sections.
4. That is in excess of the correct amount.
1892Daily News 17 Dec. 7/4, I generally kept the over⁓cast money for a few days and then gave some of it to Mr. H. |