| 释义 |
▪ I. overload, n.|ˈəʊvəˈləʊd|
[over- 29.]
a. An excessive load or burden; too great a load.
1645Rutherford Tryal & Tri. Faith xx. (1845) 270 Can the father see the child sweat, wrestle under an over-load till his back be near broken? 1772Phil. Trans. LXII. 491 Phlogiston, an overload of it may infect air. 1856Mrs. Browning Aur. Leigh vii. 20 A beaten ass Who, having fallen through overloads [etc.]. 1937J. Orr tr. Iordan's Introd. Romance Linguistics iii. 166 Semantic hypertrophy, or semantic overload, as it has been called. 1938Sun (Baltimore) 11 July 2/6 The cabin behind the cockpit was crowded with..elaborate radio and navigation equipment. The plane weighs 25,000 pounds—an overload of 7,500 pounds. 1969Advancement of Sci. XXVI. 72/1 Much the same applies to officials..who are responsible for the continuity of policy. They frequently live in a state of perpetual overload from which there is no obvious escape. 1974Gen. Systems XIX. 62/2 A confused oldster may easily be maneuvered to sign a contract accepting the machine's uncompensible expensiveness. She thereby converts her overload into culturally-encouraged ‘pathways to madness’.
b. spec. A current or voltage in excess of that which is normal or allowed for. Freq. attrib., esp. designating devices for protecting against overloads.
a1904N.E.D., Overload switch. 1904Westm. Gaz. 1 Dec. 8/1 A representative..was conducted through the mighty power-house... ‘This is the biggest thing of its kind running in England. It is designed for 20,000 horse-power; at a pinch it could stand a 50 per cent. overload.’ 1908Installation News II. 38 There is always some novel addition to our Conduit System,..in addition to various side issues such as overload cut-outs. 1930Engineering 3 Jan. 32/2 The overload trips are operated through a relay. 1962A. Nisbett Technique Sound Studio 10 Striking a reasonable balance between noise levels, on the one hand, and overload or peak distortion, on the other, may take so much time and effort that the best part of the programme is lost. 1974Sci. Amer. Nov. 34/1 The blackout was traced to the tripping of a circuit breaker in Ontario during a momentary overload. 1975Hi-Fi Answers Feb. 38/1 The disc input has a fixed sensitivity of 2.5mV with an overload margin of 100mV. 1975G. J. King Audio Handbk. v. 112 A stereo amplifier switched to the mono mode may have an overload value which differs from that in the stereo mode.
▪ II. overload, v.|ˌəʊvəˈləʊd|
[over- 21 (?), 27.]
a. trans. To load with too great a burden or cargo, to put an excessive load on, to overburden; to overcharge (a gun). Also absol.
1553T. Wilson Rhet. (1580) 79 Thei died in faith, not wearie of this worlde, nor wishyng for death, as ouerloden with sinne. 1612Brinsley Lud. Lit. v. (1627) 51 So that the memory be not overloaden. 1669Sturmy Mariner's Mag. v. xii. 57 Take care of over-loading your Piece. 1727Swift Vanbrugh's House 4 A verse would draw a stone or beam, That now would over-load a team. 1883P. Schaff Hist. Chr. Ch. I. i. ix. 65 They overloaded the holy Scriptures with the traditions of the elders. 1962A. Nisbett Technique Sound Studio 254 Frequency modulation... Limiters are not needed to avoid overloading transmitter valves. 1973Times 30 Nov. 6/7 He thought some circuits were overloaded by as much as four kilowatts. 1976G. A. Browne Slide (1977) 8 The woman..hoped she wouldn't overload again... Anyway, today she was prepared with eight extra fuses.
b. intr. To become overloaded.
1961Jrnl. Water Pollution Control Federation XXXIII. 1280/1 Ice caused the aerator to overload, straining the drive belts. 1977Times 16 July 5/8 The safety devices to stop them [sc. power lines] overloading came into action.
Hence overloaded, -loaden (stress var.) ppl. adjs.; overˈloading vbl. n. and ppl. a.
a1586Sidney Arcadia iii. (1622) 372 Made their pillowes weake propps of their overloden heads. 1576Gascoigne Steel Gl. (Arb.) 77 Pray you to god, the good be not abusde, With glorious shewe, of ouerloding skill. 1821Lamb Elia Ser. i. My Relations, An over-loaded ass is his client for ever. 1889R. Fry Let. 2 Aug. (1972) I. 123 Ashbee..got hold of..Atalanta in Calydon, and read it with such overloading of sentiment as is usual with him. 1896Allbutt's Syst. Med. I. 400 Overloading of the stomach..may cause or aggravate some of these [disorders]. 1907Daily Chron. 3 Oct. 2/2 The rapid increase in the number of companies not being admired by the somewhat overloaded bulls. 1958Spectator 11 July 68/3 It is essential to retain its [sc. the Government's] legislative apparatus of control of borrowing. Overloading will never be prevented without it. 1962A. Nisbett Technique Sound Studio iii. 67 There should be no trouble with this except where the output of a close balance on heavy brass is fed through pre-amplifiers of fixed gain; this can result in overloading and consequent distortion. 1962R. H. Smythe Anat. Dog Breeding 70 These are the muscles which when well developed cause ‘overloading’ of the shoulders. Ibid. 77 What judges term, ‘overloaded shoulders’. 1974Times 9 Jan. 3/3 Surplus, damaged and overloaded goods were sold to people in the trade. |