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appropriation|əˌprəʊprɪˈeɪʃən|
[ad. L. appropriātion-em, n. of action f. appropriā-re: see appropriate and -tion.]
1. The making of a thing private property, whether another's or (as now commonly) one's own; taking as one's own or to one's own use; concr. the thing so appropriated or taken possession of.
1393Gower Conf. I. 240, I wolde..Of other mannes love iwis..Have made appropriation. 1651Biggs New Disp. ⁋172 In dying men..there is an application of medicines, but not an appropriation. a1711Ken Christoph. Wks. 1721 I. 494 When God, my God, with confidence they call, Appropriation makes amends for all. 1825McCulloch Pol. Econ. iii. §1. 252 To employ labour in the production or appropriation of a commodity. 1868M. Pattison Academ. Org. §1. 7 The rapacious appropriation of the abbey lands.
2. Eccl. The transference to a monastic house, or other corporation, of the tithes and endowments intended for the maintenance of religious ordinances in a parish; concr. the benefice or tithes so appropriated.
c1370Wyclif Agst. Beg. Friers (1608) 14 This appropriation is made by false suggestion that such religious men han not enough for lifelode. 1528Perkins Profit. Bk. xi. §811 (1642) 363 If a man bee bounden for to appropriate a Church..and afterwards before the appropriation a pension is graunted out of the same. a1641Spelman Tithes 137 (R.) In old times, whilst these churches were in the clergy-hand, they were called appropriations. 1876Green Short Hist. viii. 495 To meet it by buying up the appropriations of livings.
3. The assignment of anything to a special purpose; concr. the thing so assigned, esp. a sum of money set apart for any purpose. Appropriation Bill: a Bill in Parliament, allotting the revenue to the various purposes to which it is to be applied.
1789Const. U.S. i. §9 No money shall be drawn from the treasury but in consequence of appropriations made by law. 1825McCulloch Pol. Econ. ii. §2. 73 The consequent appropriation of particular individuals to particular employments. 1858Fonblanque How we are Gov. vii. (L.) The resolutions in the Committee of Supply are embodied into what is called the Appropriation bill.
†4. Special attribution or application; specialization; concr. a special attribute. Obs.
1596Shakes. Merch. V. i. ii. 46 Hee makes it a great appropriation to his owne good parts, that he can shoo him [his horse] himselfe. 1657W. Coles Adam in Eden Introd., A Table of the Appropriations shewing for what part every Plant is medicinable. 1690Locke Hum. Und. iii. iii. (1856) 219 The particular name that belongs to every one [thing], with its peculiar appropriation to that idea.
▸ Art (orig. U.S.). The practice or technique of reworking the images or styles contained in earlier works of art, esp. (in later use) in order to provoke critical re-evaluation of well-known pieces by presenting them in new contexts, or to challenge notions of individual creativity or authenticity in art.
1895J. La Farge Considerations on Painting vi. 208 Confusion in the work of art of methods belonging to different memorial systems..—a blot in the logical balanced world of art, usually brought about by appropriation of the works of others. 1908F. Simmonds & G. W. Chrystal tr. J. Meier-Graefe Mod. Art I. ii. 227 Géricault was familiar with Goya's pictures... Courbet gave the determining impulse, when he brought about a new and rich development by the resolute appropriation of the Spaniards. 1960E. Panofsky Renaissance & Renascences in Western Art (1969) iv. 170 The main group of Donatello's relief..derives from a Pentheus sarcophagus..: the appropriation of a representational type for a purpose diametrically opposed to its original significance. 1985Arts Mag. Dec. 106/1 Art appropriation continues, and painters, sculptors, and architects who borrow from previous styles or images thus comment on contemporary issues in the arts. 1997Buffalo (N.Y.) News (Nexis) 25 May g6 Russell Connor's ‘The Kidnapping of Modern Art by the New Yorkers’..is a witty, nicely painted merger of Rubens' ‘The Rape of the Daughters of Leucippus’ and Picasso's ‘Les demoiselles d'Avignon’. But it is also a strained contrivance, a painting hamstrung and harried by the endless possibilities of appropriation. |