| 释义 |
parietal, a. (n.)|pəˈraɪɪtəl|
[a. F. pariétal (c 1560 in Paré), ad. L. parietāl-is, f. paries: see paries and -al1.]
A. adj.
1. a. Anat. and Zool. Belonging to or connected with the wall of the body or of any of its cavities.
Applied esp. to a pair of bones (parietal bones), right and left, forming part of the sides and top of the skull, between the frontal and occipital bones; and to structures connected with these, or situated in the same region (parietal region) of the head, as the parietal eminence, parietal protuberance, or parietal tuber, a central elevation on the outer surface of the parietal bone, corresponding to a depression (parietal fossa) on the inner surface; parietal eye, in the tuatara and many lizards, a structure of unknown function, resembling an eye and situated in the upper part of the skull beneath an opening in the parietal bone; parietal lobe, the middle lobe of each hemisphere of the brain, composed of the three parietal convolutions or parietal lobules; etc. Also applied to those parts of the peritoneum and pleura which line the body-wall (parietal peritoneum, p. pleura), as distinct from the parts investing the viscera and lungs.
1597A. M. tr. Guillemeau's Fr. Chirurg. lf. xv b/2 The two bones, the Foreheade, and the Parietale. 1704J. Harris Lex. Techn. I, Parietal [printed pariental] Bones. 1706Phillips, Parietals, or Parietal Bones. 1854Owen Skel. & Teeth in Circ. Sc., Organ. Nat. I. 177 The penultimate segment of the skull..is called the ‘parietal vertebra’. 1866Huxley Prehist. Rem. Caithn. 120 The parietal sutures are somewhat full. 1872Mivart Elem. Anat. 77 At the side of the head we have..the parietal region. 1886W. B. Spencer in Nature 13 May 35/1 In formation of the paired eyes [of Hatteria punctata] invagination to form an optic cup takes place, whilst apparently it does not do so in the case of what may be called the parietal eye. 1911Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B. CCI. 264 The pineal or parietal eye in Sphenodon is..the left-hand member of the original pair of pineal outgrowths. 1937Discovery May 135/1 The so-called third eye of the tuatara..is sometimes known as the parietal or pineal eye. 1969A. Bellairs Life of Reptiles I. vi. 232 In many lizards the parietal eye seems to play some part in regulating the amount of time spent basking.
b. Bot. Belonging to, connected with, or attached to the wall of a hollow organ or structure, esp. of the ovary, or of a cell: see quots.
1830Lindley Nat. Syst. Bot. 158 They differ in their parietal exalbuminose comose seeds. 1835― Introd. Bot. (1848) I. 364 Botanists call anything parietal which arises from the inner lining, or wall of an organ. 1875Bennett & Dyer Sachs' Bot. 5 The nucleus..approaches..the circumference of the sap-cavity, and becomes parietal. Ibid. 342 A rapid absorption of water in the parietal cells.
2. In U.S., Pertaining to residents and order within the walls of a college, as in Parietal Board, P. Committee, at Harvard College: see quot. 1837.
1837Orders & Reg. Harvard Univ. 12 The Officers resident within the College walls shall constitute a permanent standing Committee of the Faculty, to be called the Parietal Committee. This Committee shall have particular cognizance of all offences against good order and decorum within the walls. 1878N. Amer. Rev. CXXVI. 15 One instance in which the Parietal Board [Harvard College] took him in hand. 1893Nation (N.Y.) 5 Jan. 16/1 One might call it, in college phrase, a style of parietal admonition. 1968‘E. Lathen’ Come to Dust (1969) xiv. 140 Two young women had been discovered at a time and in circumstances all too clearly proscribed by the parietal rules and Brunswick's honor system. 1972A. Ulam Fall of Amer. Univ. iii. 106 In any case in most schools, certainly at Harvard, the formerly idiotically strict parietal rules had been eroded by the sixties to sensibly hypocritical proportions. 1973E. Taylor Serpent under It (1974) xxi. 177 The kinds of things that stir them [sc. students] up these days are parietal hours and open admissions and black studies. 1977National Observer (U.S.) 1 Jan. 10/4 Parietal rules were ignored and, later, abandoned.
3. gen. Of or belonging to a wall. rare.
1845Ecclesiologist IV. 257 The man..who surrounds with parietal deal a space belonging to twenty others. 1874Lowell Lett. (1894) II. xii. 134 They were much our betters in parietal wit. 1916[see mural a.1 2].
B. n.
1. = Parietal bone: see 1 a.
1706[see 1 a]. 1758J. S. Le Dran's Observ. Surg. (1771) 57 A Blow upon the posterior Part of the left Parietal. 1855Owen Skel. & Teeth in Circ. Sc., Organ. Nat. I. 192 The constant coalescence of the parietals with one another.
2. pl. (see quot.) U.S. slang.
1967N.Y. Times 17 Dec. iv. 9 Yale students..have rejoined the nationwide battle for liberalized ‘parietals’—campus term for women's visiting hours in male dormitories, or vice-versa. |