| 释义 |
▪ I. particulate, a. and n. Only in scientific use.|pəˈtɪkjʊlət|
[ad. med. or mod.L. particulāt-us divided into particles: see next.]
A. adj.
a. Existing in the condition of minute separate particles.
1871Q. Jrnl. Microsc. Sci. XI. 325 It may be supposed either that the germinal substance is universally and equally distributed, i.e. dissolved in such liquids, or that it is unequally distributed or particulate. 1874Simon Rept. of Med. Deptmt. P.C. 30 July 6 [In] the common septic contagium or ferment..particulate, as above described, there seems now to be identified a force..acting disintegratively upon organic matter. 1880Lancet 17 Jan. 85 The contagium..is particulate—that is, consists of definite particles of organic nature. 1885Klein Micro-Organisms 46 Chauveau was the first to prove experimentally that in vaccinia and in variola the active principle is a particulate non-diffusible substance. 1891A. Carpenter in Pall Mall G. 2 June 1/3 Showing that particulate matter can be conveyed many thousands of miles in the higher regions of the atmosphere. 1962F. I. Ordway et al. Basic Astronautics iv. 120 Interstellar and interplanetary particulate matter. 1966McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. IX. 197/2 Beta rays are particulate radiation consisting of electrons or positrons emitted from a nucleus during β-decay. 1974Environmental Conservation I. 16 The addition of carbon dioxide and particulate matter to the atmosphere by mankind.
b. Of or relating to minute separate particles. particulate inheritance, the manifestation in offspring of discrete characters each inherited from one or other of the parents.
1881E. R. Lankester in Jrnl. Microsc. Sc. Jan. 121 The ingestion of fats in a particulate form by Vertebrata. 1886F. Galton in Rep. Brit. Assoc. Adv. Sci. 1885 1213 To express this aspect of inheritance, where particle proceeds from particle, we may conveniently describe it as ‘particulate’. 1888Times 20 Jan. 10/2 The particulate and undulatory theories of smell are not exclusive of each other. 1889F. Galton Nat. Inheritance ii. 8 The exact meaning of Particulate Inheritance, namely, that each piece of the new structure is derived from a corresponding piece of some older one. 1930R. A. Fisher Genetical Theory Nat. Selection i. 1 The need for an alternative to blending inheritance was certainly felt by Darwin, though probably he never worked out a distinct idea of a particulate theory. Ibid. 8 Apart from dominance and linkage,..all the main characteristics of the Mendelian system flow from assumptions of particulate inheritance of the simplest character, and could have been deduced a priori. 1971J. Z. Young Introd. Study Man xxviii. 392 (heading) Genes and their mutations. Particulate inheritance.
B. n. A particulate substance; particulate material. Also attrib.
1960New Scientist 13 Oct. 1001/3 The future will see the ultra-centrifuge used more and more as a tool to determine the physical structure of specific parts of such macromolecules as the nucleoproteins, coenzymes and cell particulates. 1971Nature 20 Aug. 553/2 Airborne particulate was collected on 0·45 µm ‘Millipore’ membrane filters. 1973Physics Bull. May 314/3 Methods for the elemental analysis of air particulates. 1974Post-Herald (Birmingham, Alabama) 29 June A7/3 The Jefferson County particulate count has exceeded the 260 level 82 times during the past year. 1976Sci. Amer. July 77 The emission of particulates is reduced by the liberal use of filters.
▪ II. † parˈticulate, v. Obs.
[f. ppl. stem of med.L. particulāre (cf. late L. particulātio division into particles, Mart. Capella c 425), f. particula particle.]
trans. = particularize 2.
1579Fenton Guicciard. Ded., I am bolde to leave to particulate in my epistle any part of the argument. 1610Holland Camden's Brit. i. 605 If I should particulate the scufflings and skirmishes. 1656Heylin Surv. France 140 Many acts..which I will not stand here to particulate.
b. intr. = particularize 2 b.
1602Warner Alb. Eng. xi. lxiv. (1612) 277 But why particulate we thus, that much in few would write? 1605Camden Rem. (1637) 14 That I may not particulate of Alexander of Hales, the Irrefragable Doctor. Ibid. 27, I could particulate in many more. |