| 释义 |
pawpaw, papaw|ˈpɔːpɔː, pɔːˈpɔː, pəˈpɔː|
Forms: α. 6–7 papaio, 7–9 papaye, 8 pappaya, papay, papey, 8– papaya |pəˈpaɪə|, papaia, (9 popeya). β. 7 pappa, pappaw, papawe, 7–9 papa, 8 papah, paupaw, 8– pawpaw, 8–9 poupau, 7– papaw.
[Originally papaya, papay, a. Sp. and Pg. papaya, papayo (the tree), adopted from a Carib dialect.
Oviedo, 1535, gives papaya as the name in Hispaniola; Breton, Dictionnaire Caraibe, 1665, has ababai papaye-tree; Gilij, 1782, says that some form of papaia is the name among all the peoples of the Orinoco, that in Ottomac (Venezuelan Carib) it is pappai. From America the name was taken with the plant in the 16th c. to the East Indian archipelago, where papaya now occurs in Malay. The immediate source of the Eng. forms papa, papaw, pawpaw, etc., does not appear. F. papaye is from Sp.]
1. a. The fruit of Carica Papaya (see b), usually oblong and about 10 inches long, of a dull orange colour, with a thick fleshy rind, and containing numerous black seeds embedded in pulp; used in tropical countries as food, either raw, preserved in sugar, made into sauce, or (in an unripe state) boiled or pickled.
α1598Phillips tr. Linschoten i. (1885) II. 35 There is also a fruite that came out of the Spanish Indies, brought..to Malacca, and from thence to India, it is called Papaios, and is very like a Mellon, as bigge as a man's fist. 1698Froger Voy. 128 As for the Papaye it's a thick fruit, and tastes somewhat like a Cucumber. 1769Ann. Reg. 190/1 Their other fruits, as..Papayas, Mammeas, etc. can no ways be equivalent to our fruits. 1878P. Robinson In My Indian Garden, Fruits 50 The rank popeyas clustering beneath their coronals of shapely leaves. 1914R. Brooke Let. Feb. in E. Marsh Rupert Brooke (1918) 108 Great squelchy tropical fruits, custard-apples, papaia, pomegranate,..and the rest. 1921Outward Bound Feb. 69/1 The natives..kept bringing fresh fruit to our view—mangoes and custard apples and papia. 1932W. S. Maugham Narrow Corner xix. 143 Breakfast in the little hotels in the Dutch East Indies is served at a very early hour. It never varies. Papaia, œufs sur le plat, cold meat, and Edam cheese. 1933H. Allen Anthony Adverse VI. xxxix. 571 The papayas were already prodigious and there were shiploads of bananas. 1937M. Covarrubias Island of Bali (1972) iii. 39 Dark green island of tall palms, breadfruit, mango, papaya, and banana trees. 1965Austral. Women's Weekly 20 Jan. 25/1 This same cook..concocted mango and papaya souffles of a texture I'd never before encountered. 1972Kent Life July 82/2 Fresh juicy pineapple or papayas put out the fires in your mouth. 1977New Yorker 25 July 20/3 He bought papaya and melon for dinner every day.
β1624Capt. Smith Virginia v. 171 (Bermudas) The most delicate Pine-apples, Plantans, and Papawes. 1634Sir T. Herbert Trav. 183 Amongst other fruits..are Lemmons, Pappaes, Cocos. 1726G. Shelvocke Voy. round World 356 Those..brought us Papas, Guayavas, Cassia, Limes. 1748Anson's Voy. ii. xii. 267 Another fruit called a Papah. 1825Gentl. Mag. XCV. i. 318 The papa is a fruit about the same size [as the grenadilla]. 1869A. R. Wallace Malay Archipelago II. 33 The only fruits seen here were papaws and pine-apples. 1902Westm. Gaz. 24 Dec. 1/3 The little mustard and cress seeds out of the paw-paws. 1908E. J. Banfield Confessions of Beachcomber i. i. 43 Until we grew fruit, the papaw, the quickest and amongst the best, vegetables were more necessary. 1918Chambers's Jrnl. Oct. 669/2 The great golden paw-paw..brought in showers to the earth by a shake of the tree. 1936Geogr. Jrnl. LXXXVIII. 330 Such sub-tropical fruits as bananas, pineapples, paw⁓paws. 1953G. Durrell Overloaded Ark vi. 106 The cook..overbalanced into a basket containing eggs and some very ripe and soft pawpaw. 1972Y. Lovelock Veg. Bk. i. 109 The melon tree.., of Central American origin, bears fruit known as pawpaw or papaya.
b. The tree Carica papāya (family Caricaceæ), a native of South America, commonly cultivated throughout the tropics.
Somewhat resembling a palm, with an unbranched stem of soft spongy wood, a crown of large seven-lobed cut-edged leaves on long stalks, and male and female flowers usually on different plants. The stem, leaves, and fruit contain an acrid milky juice which has the property of rendering meat tender by means of a ferment which it contains (see papain, papayotin).
α1613Purchas Pilgrimage (1614) 505 The Papaios will not grow, but male and female together. 1796Stedman Surinam II. xxvi. 243 Amongst the preserves were the female pappayas, the male bearing no fruit. 1796Hunter tr. St.-Pierre's Stud. Nat. (1799) III. 167 Paul was as much surprized, and as sorrowful, at the sight of this large papaya loaded with fruit. 1832W. C. Bryant Poems (N.Y.) 82 For thee the wild grape glistens, On sunny knoll and tree, And stoops the slim papaya With yellow fruit for thee. 1874E. Lear Indian Jrnl. (1953) 57 Bits of palmyra-palm, papaya, and dark clumps of oak-like trees around. 1875I. L. Bird Sandwich Isl. (1880) 46 There were bananas..bamboos, papayas. 1920W. Popenoe Man. Tropical & Subtropical Fruits vii. 229 The fruit of the papaya, as well as all other parts of the plant, contains a milky juice. 1962A. Huxley Island xi. 177 Gardens shaded by palms and papayas and bread-fruit trees. 1966D. Forbes Heart of Malaya i. 16 There were..groves of papaya and clumps of coco-nut palms beside them. 1969Oxf. Bk. Food Plants 114/1 Papaya (Carica papaya) is also commonly known as ‘pawpaw’ (sometimes spelt papaw). A native of tropical America, it is now widely planted all over the tropics. 1974T. Heyerdahl Fatu-Hiva ix. 318 The papaya was another strictly tropical American plant, and two varieties grew in the Marquesas.
βc1645Waller Battle of Summer-Isl. i. 52 The palma⁓christi, and the fair papà, Now but a seed (preventing Nature's law), In half the circle of the hasty year Project a shade, and lovely fruits do wear. 1657R. Ligon Barbadoes (1673) 70 The Papa is but a small tree,..the top handsomely form'd to the branches. 1764Grainger Sugar Cane iv. 6 Thy temples shaded by the trem'lous palm, Or quick papaw. 1871Kingsley At Last i, In the midst of the yard grew, side by side..the magic trees, whose leaves rubbed on the toughest meat make it tender..a male and female Papaw. 1920Nature 2 Sept. 36/1 A fungus..causes powdery mildew on the leaves of the pawpaw plant. 1948Archit. Rev. CIV. 94 In a forest of bamboo, palm, bread-fruit and paw-paw trees the white temples rear their phenomenal towers. 1958J. Carew Black Midas iv. 64 We walked past banana, paw-paw, and cocoa trees. 1964D. Varaday Gara-Yaka xi. 96, I intended placing thorn fences around the paw-paw trees. 1966B. Kimenye Kalasanda Revisited 23 Anna remained as alien to Kalasanda as an orange in a pawpaw tree.
2. (Only in forms pawpaw, papaw.) Name in U.S. for a small N. American tree, Asimina triloba (family Anonaceæ), with dull purple flowers and ovate leaves (pa(w)paw-tree); or for its oblong edible fruit, about 3 or 4 inches long, with beanlike seeds embedded in a sweet pulp.
1760J. Lee Introd. Bot. App. 321 Papaw-tree of North America, Annona. a1796in Morse Amer. Geog. I. 577 (Ohio) Crab apple tree, paupaw or custard apple. Ibid. 636 (Kentucky) The coffee, the papaw, the hackberry. 1807P. Gass Jrnl. 261 We got a great many papaws..a kind of fruit in great abundance on the Missouri from the river Platte to its mouth. 1832F. Trollope Dom. Manners Amer. iv. (1839) 32 Near New Orleans the undergrowth of palmetto and pawpaw is highly beautiful. 1851Mayne Reid Scalp Hunt. i. 13 The red-bird flutters down in the coppice of green pawpaws. 1866Treas. Bot. 843 Papaw. 1882Cornhill Mag. May 580 Often we pass by groves of young paw-paws. 1925C. E. Mulford Cottonwood Gulch xi. 148 You let me catch you foolin' 'round this ranch an' I'll turn you into pulp as soft as a paw-paws! 1969Northwest (Sunday Oregonian Mag.) 14 Dec. 19/1 The fragrant aroma and rich flavor of the Pawpaw is remindful of many tropical favorites. 1970B. Miles Bluebells & Bittersweet iv. 47/3 Asimina triloba (paw⁓paw)... Large drooping leaves give this a tropical look, and solitary dark-purple, bell-shaped flowers about 2 inches across in May are followed by strange cylindrical fruits 3 to 7 inches long... Paw⁓paws are difficult to move.
3. attrib., as pawpaw-bush (= 2), pawpaw-thicket (sense 2), pawpaw-tree (= 1 b or 2).
1704Collect. Voy. (Churchill) III. 769/1 A Fig-Tree or a Papey-Tree was..sold. 1705W. Bosman Guinea 290 Some Papay-trees run up to the heighth of thirty foot. 1773Capt. Wallis's Voy. in Gentl. Mag. XLIII. 542 Here [Tinian, Ladrones Is.] they got beef, pork, poultry, papaw-apples. 1894Outing (U.S.) XXIV. 337/2 Our camping-place was a paw-paw thicket. 1896Cosmopolitan XX. 396/1 She kept herself screened behind the ironweed and pawpaw bushes.
4. (Usu. with initial capital.) In Jamaica, a slave brought from the region of West Africa so called, in Dahomey, near the town of Ouidah. Obs. exc. Hist.
1707H. Sloane Voy. Jamaica I. p. liv, The Negros called Papas have most of these scarifications. 1725Ibid. II. 376 Its [sc. belly-ach-weed's] use was first made known in Jamaica, by Papau-Negros, and thence call'd Papau-weed. 1740C. Leslie New Hist. Jamaica xi. 307 They generally believe there are Two Gods..; the first they call Naskew in the Papaw language. 1774E. Long Hist. Jamaica II. iii. iii. 425 In 1769, several new masks appeared; the Ebos, the Papaws, &c. having their respective Connús, male and female, who were dressed in a very laughable style. 1793B. Edwards Hist. Brit. Colonies W. Indies II. iii. 73, I now proceed to the people of Whidah, or Fida. The Negroes of this country are called generally in the West Indies Papaws. 1949Caribbean Q. I. i. 11, 33 were Nagoes and 24 Pawpaws from the Slave Coast. |