| 释义 |
▪ I. peroxide Chem.|pəˈrɒksaɪd|
[f. per- 5 a (see note there) + oxide.]
1. a. That compound of oxygen with another element which contains the greatest possible proportion of oxygen. Now usu. restricted to those oxides which have at least one pair of oxygen atoms bonded to each other in the molecule, or which contain the anion O22-.
1804T. Thomson Chem. (ed. 2) I. 103 When a metal has combined with as much oxygen as possible, I shall denote the compound formed by the term peroxide; indicating by it, that the metal is thoroughly oxidized. Thus we have..the terms protoxide and peroxide to denote the minimum and maximum of oxidizement; and the terms deutoxide, tritoxide, etc. to denote all the intermediate states which are capable of being formed. 1804Hatchett in Phil. Trans. XCIV. 324 The air,..after the wax is burned, combines with the superficial part of the oxide, and converts a portion of it into the red or peroxide. 1812Sir H. Davy Chem. Philos. 380 There are two definite combinations of tin and oxygene: the first, which may be called the protoxide, is gray; the second, which may be called the peroxide, is white. 1854J. Scoffern in Orr's Circ. Sc., Chem. 305 Binoxide or Peroxide of Hydrogen. 1873Dawson Earth & Man vi. 110 Peroxide of iron or iron rust. 1881Bell Sound by Radiant Energy 38 A test-tube containing peroxide of nitrogen.
b. Any organic compound containing two linked oxygen atoms in its molecule.
1858B. C. Brodie in Proc. R. Soc. IX. 362, I have to add a new term to this series, of which hitherto no analogue has existed. This term is the peroxide of the organic radical,—the body which in the series of acetyl corresponds to the peroxide of hydrogen or barium in the series of the metal. 1881Chem. News 20 May 233/1 The peroxide of ethyl remains as a dense syrupy liquid, miscible with water. 1922H. G. Denham Inorg. Chem. xiii. 198 True peroxides are held to possess the linking present in hydrogen peroxide, {b1}O{b1}O{b1}. 1950N. V. Sidgwick Chem. Elements II. 871 From hydrogen peroxide are derived a large number of compounds containing the O{b1}O link; not only organic derivatives such as the alkyl and acyl peroxides, the percarboxylic acids..but also many inorganic derivatives, in which one or more oxygen atoms of a basic or inorganic oxide, or an oxy⁓acid, are replaced by O{b1}O groups. The binary inorganic compounds are commonly known as peroxides: this name should be confined to O{b1}O compounds, but is often extended to include any metallic oxides with an unusually large amount of oxygen, such as PbO2 and MnO2. 1971Nomencl. Org. Chem. (I.U.P.A.C.) (ed. 2) C. 161 Ethyl phenyl peroxide C6H5O{b1}OC2H5. 1973E. A. V. Ebsworth et al. in J. C. Bailar et al. Comprehensive Inorg. Chem. II. xxii. 783 Organic peroxides decompose readily to give free radicals. Ibid. 784 Many transition metal peroxides are dangerously explosive.
2. Short for peroxide blonde. colloq.
1918G. Frankau Poetical Wks. (1923) II. 108 Thy merchant-princes, whose week-end peroxides Hastened, safe-screened in many a Triplex-glass car. 1919E. Jordan Girl in Mirror (1925) ii. 45 ‘She's probably a peroxide,’ he said. ‘Even if she isn't, she can't hold a candle to your sister.’
3. Special Combs., as peroxide blonde colloq., a woman with peroxided hair; peroxide bond, a single bond between two oxygen atoms in a molecule; peroxide group, the divalent group {b1}O{b1}O{b1}; peroxide hair, hair bleached with hydrogen peroxide; peroxide shampoo (see quot.).
1920S. Lewis Main St. 314 Have you heard about this awful woman that's supposed to have come here to do dressmaking—a Mrs. Swiftwaite—awful peroxide blonde? 1927A. Christie Big Four xiv. 187 (title) The peroxide blonde. 1947N. Marsh Final Curtain vi. 90 An old man..doting on a peroxide blonde. 1974Times 26 Oct. 8/8 The corny peroxide blondes with their plucked eyebrows.
1949Chem. Rev. XLV. 399 Whether the decomposition of a given hydroperoxide involves radical or cationic intermediates probably depends on the amount of polarization of the peroxide bond. 1961A. G. Davies Org. Peroxides x. 143 Familiarity with the homolysis of the peroxide bond delayed the recognition that the above reaction is often heterolytic.
1899Jrnl. Chem. Soc. LXXVI. ii. 659 The authors have obtained two new series of compounds which contain the peroxide group. 1939F. A. Philbrick Inorg. Chem. xvii. 274 In structure the true peroxides are distinguished by containing in the molecule one or more peroxide groups, {b1}O{b1}O{b1}, such as are present in hydrogen peroxide. 1968Jrnl. Chem. Soc. A. 397/1 The great majority of transition-metal peroxide complexes involve a co-ordinated bidentate peroxide group, but a few are known in which the peroxide functions as a bridging ligand.
1937W. S. Maugham Theatre i. 2 Notwithstanding her cropped peroxide hair and her heavily-painted lips she had the neutral look that marks the perfect secretary. 1966J. S. Cox Illustr. Dict. Hairdressing 111/1 Peroxide shampoo, a soft soap shampoo incorporating a small quantity of 20 vol. peroxide of hydrogen and two or three drops of ·880 ammonium hydroxide.
Hence † peˈroxidate, peˈroxidize vbs. trans. and intr., to convert, or become converted, into a peroxide; to combine with the largest possible proportion of oxygen; whence peroxiˈdation, peˈroxidizement, conversion into a peroxide; peroˈxidic a., having the properties of a peroxide; containing or forming part of a peroxide group.
1827Faraday Chem. Manip. xiv. 310 Till the whole of the earth is peroxidized. 1839Ure Dict. Arts 39 The peroxidation of the iron renders it less soluble in the sulphuric acid. Ibid. 225 In order to fix the iron by its peroxidizement. 1842Parnell Chem. Anal. (1845) 334 To prevent the peroxidation, by the air, of any appreciable quantity of the protoxide of iron. 1857Mayne Expos. Lex. 918/2 Peroxidated. 1880Garrod & Baxter Mat. Med 150 The use of the chlorine and carbonate of zinc..is to peroxidize and precipitate any iron. 1945Jrnl. Org. Chem. X. 416 This liberation of iodine indicated that peroxidic compounds had been formed in these solvents during ozonization. 1949Chem. Rev. XLV. 385 In the decomposition of organic peroxides, rupture of the bond between the two peroxidic oxygens is often accompanied by cleavage of an adjacent carbon-to-carbon bond. 1956Nature 21 Jan. 129/2 The first product is probably the hydroperoxide.., and indeed very labile, strongly peroxidic, solids have been detected, but isolation has not been possible. 1961A. G. Davies Org. Peroxides iii. 56 Peroxylauric acid..loses about 15 per cent of its peroxidic oxygen after 1 week at 25°.
▪ II. peˈroxide, v.
[f. peroxide n.]
trans. To treat or bleach (the hair) with hydrogen peroxide.
1924K. Wilson Successful Hairdresser vii. 87 After being peroxided nothing can remedy a head of hair. 1963D. Athill Instead of Letter iv. 59 Hair which in summer would bleach into golden streaks as though he had peroxided it. 1985N.Y. Times 24 Feb. vii. 7/1 She peroxides her hair and dyes her wings. |