| 释义 |
perseveˈration
[a. OF. perseveration, -acion (13th c. in Godef.), ad. L. persevērātiōn-em, n. of action from persevērāre to persevere.]
1. Persevering, perseverance.
1612Pasquil's Night-Cap (1877) 61 Shee said, his faith and long perseueration, Had almost forc't her to commiseration. 1685Cotton tr. Montaigne iii. vi, [He] in this siege manifested the utmost of what suffering and perseveration can do. 1915Brit. Jrnl. Psychol. VII. 388 The ‘Perseveration’-qualities of character, i.e. perseverance or persistency of will. 1971Where Nov. 333/2 The Pinky and Perky annual shows this nauseating little pair in stories, pictures, strip cartoons, puzzles, crosswords and as objects to paint. Faced by this merciless perseveration, an adult reader can be excused for thinking longingly of an efficient bacon-slicer.
2. Psychol.
a. The tendency for an activity to be persevered with or repeated after the cessation of the stimulus to which it originally responded, studied as an aspect of behaviour.
[1901Brain XXIV. 620 G. E. Müller and Pilzecker have shown that an image..that has occupied consciousness tends to rise again to consciousness spontaneously,..a tendency to which they give the name ‘Perseveration-tendenz’.] 1915Brit. Jrnl. Psychol. VII. 388 Is Perseveration a general factor,—comparable with General Ability, influencing the entire range of mental activity? 1916A. A. Brill tr. Freud's Leonardo da Vinci v. 96 We call such a repetition a perseveration. It is an excellent means to indicate the affective accentuation. 1927C. Spearman Abilities of Man iv. 42 He [sc. Müller] writes: ‘Consistency of thought and action that extends beyond the immediately given is based to an essential degree upon perseveration.’ Ibid. 52 As most fundamental of all concepts involved, we may pick out that of ‘perseveration’. 1951J. C. Flugel Hundred Yrs. Psychol. (ed. 2) xi. 322 One of the most remarkable [general characteristics] concerns a factor known as p (‘perseveration’), manifesting itself as a general inertia, which..makes it difficult for the subject to pass rapidly from one kind of mental operation to another. 1963T. Alcock Rorschach in Pract. xi. 172 He is also showing some perseveration of theme on winged objects, whether creatures or emblems. 1973P. E. Vernon in J. R. Royce Multivariate Anal. & Psychol. Theory 127 Tests of different kinds of perseveration, inertia or rigidity, often showed little or no correlation with one another.
b. The mechanical and involuntary repetition of a motor or verbal response, despite a change of stimulus, as a result of brain damage or organic malfunction; usu. distinguished from the stereotypy associated with schizophrenia.
1910Lippincott's New Med. Dict. 715/1 Perseveration, the senseless repetition of a word just pronounced or an act accomplished: either a functional or an exhaustion psychosis. 1937Jrnl. Mental Sci. LXXXIII. 144 Perseveration, an extremely common symptom of organic disease..can be present in various degrees, and may extend to words, phrases, actions or to the total behaviour. 1961W. R. Brain Speech Disorders v. 62 Perseveration may lead to difficulties, the whole or part of a previous word being repeated and thus persisting to contaminate the new word which should be evoked. 1966I. B. Weiner Psychodiagnosis in Schizophrenia iv. 36 In ‘fixed concept’ perseveration a response that accurately corresponds to a blot when first given is repeated on subsequent blots without regard for actual blot qualities. 1976M. Hamilton Fish's Schizophrenia (ed. 2) iii. 58 Perseveration consists in continuing to carry out a goal-directed activity after the need for this activity has ceased. It..is different from a stereotypy because it has been initiated by a goal-directed activity. |