| 释义 |
▪ I. pew, n.1|pjuː|
Forms: 4 puwe, 5 pywe, peawe, 5–7 pewe, 5–9 pue, 7 piew(e, 6– pew.
[Late ME. puwe, pywe, pewe, app. orig. identical in form with OF. puye, puie, poye fem., parapet, balustrade, balcony:—L. podia, pl. of podium elevated place, height, also, balcony, parapet, balcony in the Roman theatre where the emperor sat, a. Gr. πόδιον base, pedestal, dim. of πούς, ποδ- foot. The Lat. sing. podium gave OF. pui, poi, puz, pou, peu height, hill, mount, hillock, mole-hill, mod.F. puy hill, mount. But there are gaps alike in the form-history and sense-history of the word: see Note below.]
†1. A raised standing-place, stall, or desk in a church, to enable a preacher, reader, or other officiant to be seen and heard by the congregation; often with defining word, as minister's pew, a pulpit, prayer pew or praying pew, reading pew or reader's pew, the desk at which the service is read, a lectern, shriving pew, a confessional seat, a pew for penance, etc. Obs.
Quot. 1470–85 is obscure; it has been suggested to mean a chantry chapel.
[1470–85Malory Arthur xiv. iii. 644 He fonde a preest redy at the aulter, And on the ryght syde he sawe a pewe closyd with yron.] 1479Bury Wills (Camden) 50 My body to be beryed in the pariche cherche of Euston be for the chaunsell dore by syde the pue. 1487–8Rec. St. Mary at Hill 130 Item, for naylles for þe schryvyng peawe, ob. 1529More Dyaloge i. Wks. 127 Vpon y⊇ sondaye at high masse time..for fulfillinge of hys penance, vp was the pore soule set in a pew, that y⊇ peple might wonder on him and hyre [sic] what he sayd. 1548Churchw. Acc. St. Michael, Cornhill in Heales Hist. Pews I. 43 Payd to the Ioyner for takynge downe the Shryuyng pew. 1550Bale Eng. Votaries ii. 31 b, To laye stones of great wayghte vpon the roufe beames of the temple ryght ouer hys prayenge pewe, and to lete them fall vpon hym to hys vtter destruccyon. 1568Churchw. Acc. St. Peter, Chepe in Heales 38 Paid for ii matts for the pewe wherein Mr Parson saithe the service. 1640Fuller Joseph's Coat, Christning Serm. 170 Passe from the Font to the Ministers pue. 1640C. Harvey Synagogue xii, I doubt their preaching is not alwaies true, Whose way to th' Pulpit's not the reading Pue. 1641–1848 [see reading vbl. n. 10 b]. 1646Bp. Maxwell Burd. Issach. in Phenix (1708) II. 264 Two always speak, the first from the Reader's Desk or Pew, the other in some other place distant from him. 1662Bk. Com. Prayer, Commination, The Priest shall, in the Reading-Pew or Pulpit, say: [1549–1604 shall go into the pulpit and say thus:]. 1692Burnet Sarum Visit. Art. in Heales Hist. Pews I. 39 Have you in your said Church or Chappel a convenient seat or Pew for your minister to read Divine Service in?
2. a. A place (often enclosed), usually raised on a footpace, seated for and appropriated to certain of the worshippers, e.g. (in early use) for women only, for a great personage (patron's pew, royal pew, lord's pew, squire's pew) or for a family (family pew); in the latter case often a quadrangular enclosure or compartment containing a number of seats.
1393Langl. P. Pl. C. vii. 144 Among wyues and wodewes ich am ywoned sitte Yparroked in puwes. 1427–8Rec. St. Mary at Hill 67 For certeyne pavynge & mevynge of pewes in the cherche. 1453Will Wm. Wyntringham (Lambeth), Et volo quod in muro ad sedile vocatum anglice pewe nuper dicte Katerine fiat scriptura sculpta in auricalco ex opposito sepulturam meam. c1460J. Russell Bk. Nurture 917 Prynce or prelate..or any oþer potestate, or he entur in to þe churche, be it erly or late, perceue all þynge for his pewe þat it be made preparate, boþe cosshyn, carpet, & curteyn, bedes & boke, forgete not that. 1479–81Rec. St. Mary at Hill 100 For the makynge of a nywe pywe. 1494–5Ibid. 215 For makyng of the pewes for the pore pepull, and j pew at the Northe dorre, and ij benches, and the pewes in Sent steven Chapell. 1496–7Ibid. 225, xij foot of borde, elmyn, to knyel on In the pews. 1511Fabyan Will in Chron. Pref. 3, I will that my Corps be buried atwene my pewe and the highe awter wtin the qwere of the parisshe churche of Alhalowen of Theydon Gardon. 1517–18in Swayne Sarum Churchw. Acc. 59 For the pewys thys yere xs. vd. 1529Wolsey in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. i. II. 10 Goyng this day owt of my pue to sey masse, your lettres..wer delyueryd vnto me. 1540Ludlow Churchw. Acc. (Camden) 6 Ffor whiche pewe the seide baylifes have awardede that the seide Richarde Langforde shalle content and paye to the Churche wardeyns..the some of vis. viijd. 1572Wills & Inv. N.C. (Surtees) I. 369 My bodye to be buried wthin the parishe churche of thorneton in the strett in the closyd or pew wherin I vse to sitt. 1625Bacon Apophth. Wks. 1879 I. 328/1 Sir Thomas More..did use, at mass, to sit in the chancel; and his lady in a pew. And because the pew stood out of sight, his gentleman-usher..came to the lady's pew, and said ‘Madam, my lord is gone’. 1637J. Pocklington Altare Chr. iv. 28 The prophanenesse that is, and may be, committed in close, exalted Pewes. 1644Evelyn Diary 6 Mar., The rest of the congregation on formes and low stooles, but none in pewes as in our Churches, to their greate disgrace. 1663–4Pepys Diary 28 Feb., St. Pauls..The Bishop of London..sat there in a pew made a' purpose for him by the pulpitt. a1696Aubrey Lives (1898) I. 273 Under the piewes (alias hogg⁓sties) of the north side of the middle aisle. 1766Blackstone Comm. II. xxviii. 429 Pews in the church..may descend by custom immemorial (without any ecclesiastical concurrence) from the ancestor to the heir. 1842F. E. Paget Milf. Malv. 211 Asking your consent to the removal of your pew, and the substitution of an open sitting in its place. 1845G. A. Poole Churches vii. 74 A man has no right, because he is rich,..to perch his coronet on the top of his canopied pue. Ibid. xiv. 143 The close-hearted worshipper in a canopied pue, with tables and a fire-place, behind crimson curtains. 1865Trollope Belton Est. i, The squire was once more seen in the old family pew at church. 1904H. Littlehales in Rec. St. Mary at Hill i. Introd. Note 22 As early as 1496 it was customary for certain parishioners to have pews allocated to them... There were special pews for the poor people,..pews for men,..and for women.
fig.1653Milton Hirelings 85 His Sheep oft-times sit the while to as little purpose of benefiting as the Sheep in thir Pues at Smithfield.
b. Now commonly applied to the fixed benches with backs, each seating a number of worshippers (usually four to six or eight), with which the area of a church or chapel is now usually filled, except for the passages affording access to these seats.
In most churches these have now superseded the earlier ‘family pew’ (see 2); but in the earlier quotations it is often uncertain which are meant.
Pew, as the place of a layman or member of the congregation, is often opposed to pulpit: cf. c.
1631Weever Anc. Fun. Mon. 573 Dead bodies of the Nobilitie whose funerall trophies are wasted with deuouring time and..seates or Pewes for the Townesmen, made ouer their honorable remaines. 1654Whitlock Zootomia 139 You may take away the Pewes, where all the Pulpitarians. 1665–9Boyle Occas. Refl. iii. vi. (1848) 159 As if all that belongs to Ministers, and their Flocks, could be perform'd in the Pulpit, and the Pew. 1691Weesils i. 5 The Neighboring Wives already slight me too, Justle to the Wall, and take the Upper Pew. 1706–7Farquhar Beaux' Strat. ii. ii, The Verger..Inducts me into the best Pue in the Church. 1868Dickens Let. to Miss Dickens 18 Jan., It was very odd to see the pews crammed full of people.
c. transf. The people who occupy the pews, the worshippers or congregation; the hearers as opposed to the preacher.
1882J. Parker Apost. Life I. 74 How can we preach to a people unprepared to hear?—A prepared pulpit should be balanced by a prepared pew. 1901Contemp. Rev. Mar. 323 As is the pew, so is the pulpit.
d. Loosely, a seat, esp. in phr. take a pew. colloq.
1898Belloc Mod. Traveller i. 5 Be seated; take a pew. 1903Wodehouse Prefect's Uncle xvi. 230 The genial ‘take a pew’ of one's equal inspires confidence. 1914C. Mackenzie Sinister St. II. iii. vii. 652 Come in, you chaps... I don't know any of your names, but take pews, take pews. 1926I. Mackay Blencarrow xiii. 116 ‘Have a pew?’ he offered, making himself as small as possible on the red plush car seat. 1939R. Lehmann No More Music 90 Colonel: (drawing up a chair) Take a pew. 1958B. Hamilton Too Much of Water xi. 232 Have the pew. I'll squat on the bed. 1974K. Royce Trap Spider ii. 30 Sit down, Spider. Take a pew.
†3.
a. A raised seat or bench, for persons sitting in an official capacity, as judges, lawyers, etc.; a rostrum used by public speakers or by academic disputants, etc.; an elevated station, ‘stump’, or stand for persons doing business in an exchange or public place; a ‘box’ in a theatre. Obs. exc. as transf. from 2.
1558T. Phaer æneid vii. T j, This was both minster, court and hall, Here stoode theyr offryng pewes, and many a slaughter downe did fall [Virgil vii. 175 Hoc illis curia templum, Hæ sacris sedes epulis]. c1600Timon ii. iv, From whence doe yee hale him? from the pewes of most wicked iudges. 1600Holland Livy iii. lxiv. 132 Duillius then..caused the Consuls to be called into their owne pues and seates. 1629Wadsworth Pilgr. iii. 15 Six other of their companions disputing three against three in two pewes one ouerthwart the other. 1644Evelyn Diary 3 Feb., One side is full of pewes for the Clearkes of the Advocates, who swarme here [the Palais, Paris] (as ours at Westminster). a1661B. Holyday Juvenal x. 187 But ne're Did silly lawyers blood the pew besmear. 1668–9Pepys Diary 15 Feb., Did get into the play:..but I sat so far I could not hear well, nor was there any pretty woman that I did see, but my wife, who sat in my Lady Fox's pew with her. 1678Butler Hud. iii. iii. 623 To this brave Man, the Knight repairs For Counsel, in his Law-affairs; And found him mounted, in his Pew. 1894Sala London up to Date 80 In the seventeenth century..there were shops inside the Hall [Westminster Hall] itself; and scriveners had their desks, and usurers their ‘pews’.
b. transf. Station, situation; allotted place.
c1400Pety Job 555 in 26 Pol. Poems 139 Ye lat me peyne here in a peynfull pewe, That ys a place of grete doloures. 1607Dekker Knts. Conjur. ix. (1842) 72 The Elisian Gardens... The very Pallace wher Happines her selfe maintaines her Court... Women!..scarce one amongst fiue hundred has her pewe there. 1673Char. Quack-Astrologer B iij b, And placing the Planets in their respectiue Pues.
4. attrib. and Comb., as pew-bench, pew-cushion, pew-desk, pew-door, pew-end, pew-holder, pew-keeper, pew-mate, pew-opener, pew-seat, pew-shutter, pew-woman; pew-chair, † pew-dish: see quots.; pew-gallery, a gallery of pews; pew group Pottery, figures on a high-backed bench, usu. in salt-glazed stoneware; pew-mate, a fellow occupant of a pew, a ‘pewfellow’. Also pewfellow, -rent, etc.
1898Westm. Gaz. 4 June 4/2 The grave is nearly covered by a *pew bench.
1875Knight Dict. Mech., *Pew-chair, a seat affixed to the end of a pew so as to occupy a part of the aisle when seats in excess of the pew accommodation are required.
1862H. Marryat Year in Sweden II. 260 Some idle boy had carved his initials on the *pew-desk.
1654Gataker Disc. Apol. 67 Pleading for the setled and immoveable Font.., which the Presbyterians, he saith, have brought to a moveable and unsettled *Pue-dish.
1491–2Rec. St. Mary at Hill 173 For a peyre of henges for the *pewe dore. 1520Will G. Gough in Surrey Archæol. Jrnl. 184 My body to be buried in erth at my pew dore within our Lady Chapell of my parish Church. 1713Steele Guardian No. 65 ⁋1 Clattering the pewdoor after them. 1803G. Colman John Bull i. i. 4 Troth! and myself..was brought up to the church... I opened all the pew doors at Belfast. 1842Pew-door [see unaccommodated ppl. a.].
1874J. T. Micklethwaite Mod. Par. Churches 34 note, Fantastically-shaped *pew-ends.
1848B. Webb Cont. Ecclesiol. 173 There was a kind of *pew-gallery on each side of the chancel.
1906G. W. & F. A. Rhead Staffs. Pots xiv. 170 The British Museum ‘*pew group’..is one of four known pieces of the kind, all evidently by the same hand. 1942Burlington Mag. Oct. 260/1 Most dangerous are the increasingly skilful fakes of Astbury and Whieldon figures, first betrayed by the marks of Wedgwood on a pew group and Ralph Wood on a figure of similar origin. 1961L. G. G. Ramsey Connoisseur New Guide Antique Eng. Pott., Porc. & Glass 39 Aaron Wood (1717–85), to whom have been attributed also the vigorous and amusing salt-glaze ‘Pew Groups’, modelled in the round and representing a man and woman courting, a pair of musicians, etc. 1976Country Life 5 Feb. 278/1 These..Staffordshire salt-glaze groups are still referred to as pew groups, where everyone by now is aware that these people..are not seated in church..but are on a wooden settle.
1845Ecclesiologist IV. 257 The *pue-holder may lock up his pue and absent himself from Church. 1887A. Abbott in Gladden Parish Problems 70 A double organization, the communicants or spiritual body..being one, and the congregation of pewholders..the other or secular body.
1742Richardson Pamela III. 233 Where..it might be more likely seen by the *Pew-keepers.
1596P. Colse Penelope (1880) 165 But if you needes will puling sit, A *pew-mate for you am I fit.
1782F. Burney Cecilia ix. v, To perform her promise with the *Pew Opener. 1853‘C. Bede’ Verdant Green i. vi, Seeing no beadle, or pew-opener..to direct him to a place.
1886Ruskin Præterita I. 282 There was no beadle to lock me out of them [churches], or *pew-shutter to shut me in.
1810S. Green Reformist II. 17 He..would have given the *pew-woman a shilling to have let him into a pew. [Note. The phonological relation of puwe, pywe, pewe, to OF. puye, puie, offers difficulties. For the sense, cf. 16th c. Dutch (Brabantish) puye or puyde (which must have been taken from OF.). Plantin 1573 has ‘een Puye, vn lieu enleué au marché, ou contre l'hostel de la ville, pour proclamer arrests, ou publier ordonnances’; Kilian 1599, ‘Puye, puyde, podium, pulpitum, suggestus, suggestum, rostra, suggestus lapideus’; Hexham 1678, ‘Puye, a Pue, or place elevated in a Market, to Proclaim or to Cry of any thing’; cf. mod.Du. de pui the front of a town-hall or other building. Of the L. sing. podium, Du Cange gives one of the mediæval senses as ‘Lectrum, analectrum in ecclesia, ad quod gradibus ascenditur’, i.e. a lectern or reading-desk in a church, to which one ascends by steps; in Italian, Florio (1598) has ‘poggio, a hill or mounting side of a hill, a blocke to get vp on horsebacke’. (So occasionally in Eng. horse-pew = horse-block: see N. & Q. 10th s. IV. 27, 8 July 1905.) These point to the series of senses: base or raised structure to mount or stand on; raised place to stand on in making a public speech or proclamation, ‘stump’, rostrum; esp. in a church, a raised lectern, reading-desk, pulpit, or the like; whence, generally, place elevated above the floor for any purpose; particularly, sitting place on a raised base. But it is not impossible that this last sense, which seems to be peculiar to Eng., may have originated in that of ‘balcony, balustrade’ (see the Etymology), esp. if the name was first applied to a range of seats raised against the wall.] ▪ II. pew, n.2
[a. OF. peu, var. of pel, pl. peus, mod.F. pieu a pointed stake, a large stick shod with iron.]
A long-handled pointed prong, for handling fish, blubber, etc.
1861L. De Boilieu Recoll. Labrador Life 29 The Fish are not taken out [of the seine] by hand, but by an instrument called ‘a pew’, which is a prong with one point. 1883Fisheries Exhib. Catal. 197 Fish forks and pews used in storing and handling the catch.
▪ III. pew, n.3 Sc.
[Onomatopœic: partly echoic, partly expressive of the action: cf. pew v.2]
†1. The thin cry of a bird, esp. of the kite. Obs.
c1470Henryson Mor. Fab. xiii. (Frog & Mouse) xix, The gled..pyipand with mony pew. 1513Douglas æneis vii. Prol. 125 The soir gled quhislis loud wyth mony ane pew. 1552Lyndesay Monarche 1451 Byrdis, with mony pietuous pew Afferitlye in the air thay flew.
2. A fine stream of breath forced through an aperture in the lips; a thin stream of air or smoke.
1824Mactaggart Gallovid. Encycl. (1876) 389 There's no a pue o' reek in a' the house. 1895Crockett Men of Moss-Hags xviii. 126 Sending up a heartsome pew of reek into the air, that told of the stir of breakfast. Ibid. xliv. 312 With a pew of blue smoke, blowing from its chimney.
3. to play pew: to make the slightest sound, utterance, or exertion. (Always with negative expressed or implied.) Cf. paw n.2
1728Ramsay Last Sp. Miser xxix, He never mair play'd pew. 1808–18Jamieson s.v., He canna play pew, he is unfit for any thing. 1819Scott Br. Lamm. xxiv, I couldna hae played pew upon a dry humlock.
▪ IV. pew, v.1
[f. pew n.1]
1. trans. To furnish or fit up with pews.
1449[see pewing below]. 1634–5Brereton Trav. (Chetham Soc.) 81 St. Nichol-church..as neat pewed..as any..in England. 1686in A. Laing Lindores Abbey xx. (1876) 242 It was agreed that the Kirk be pewed. 1766Hist. Pelham, Mass. (1898) 119 The Town Has agreed on a Method to Pew or Repair the Meeting House. 1861Freeman in Life & Lett. (1895) I. v. 321 The Normans are inferior to the Gascons in this, that they pew their churches and sometimes lock them. 1894Speaker 12 May 524/2 The..benchers plastered it and pewed it and galleried it and whitewashed it [the Temple Church].
2. To shut up in or as in a pew.
1609W. M. Man in Moone (1857) 100 To pick a pocket, or pervert some honest man's wife he would on purpose be pued withall. 1831Examiner 71/1 The same men who were as willingly pewed in the parish church as their sheep were in night folds. 1855Bailey Mystic 59 Order loftier than the mind of man Pews in its petty systems.
Hence pewed ppl. a.; ˈpewing vbl. n. (also concr. pews collectively).
1449in Heales Hist. Pews I. 33 In..makyng of pleyn desques & of a pleyn Radeleft and in puying of the said chirch nouȝt curiously but pleynly. 1454in Test. Vetusta 289 To the fabric of the churche of Herne, viz. to make seats called puyinge, x marks. 1840W. Dyott Diary 31 July (1907) II. 322, I visited the old church at Ashbourne to admire the new pewing and other highly ornamental improvements. 1848B. Webb Contin. Ecclesiol. 77 A most miserable pued and galleried preaching-room. 1874J. T. Micklethwaite Mod. Par. Churches 32 The pewed part of the church. 1884J. Cubitt in Contemp. Rev. XLVI. 113 Nothing in his [Wren's] parish churches..impresses common observers more unpleasantly than the pewing. 1970H. Braun Parish Churches i. 20 The Victorian church,..packed with pewing and comfortably behassocked.
▪ V. pew, pue, v.2|pjuː|
[Echoic: cf. pew n.3 1.]
intr. To cry in a plaintive manner, as a bird.
1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xii. xxvi. (Tollem. MS.), The kyte..whan he hungreþ, he secheþ his mete pewynge [ed. 1535 wepynge] with voyce of pleynynge and of mone. 1530Lyndesay Test. Papyngo 698 We sall gar cheknis cheip, and geaslyngis pew. Ibid. 763, I maye nocht pew, my panes bene sa fell. 1549Compl. Scot. vi. 39 The chekyns began to peu quhen the gled quhissillit. a1586Sidney Arcadia iii. (1622) 398 The birds likewise with chirps, and puing could Cackling, and chattering, that of Ioue beseech.
▪ VI. † pew, int. Obs.
Also peugh.
An utterance of contempt or derision: = pooh, phew.
a1625Fletcher Noble Gent. iii. i, Pew, nothing, the law Salicke cuts him off. 1638Ford Lady's Trial ii. i, Hang Dutch and French,..Christians and Turks. Pew-waw, all's one to me! |