| 释义 |
phonematic, a. and n. Linguistics.|fəʊnɪˈmætɪk|
[f. Gr. ϕωνήµατ- stem of ϕώνηµα sound made + -ic.]
A. adj.
a. = phonemic a.
1936Proc. 2nd Internat. Congr. Phonetic Sci. 50, Z, considered as a phonematic unit, has a value very different from the value it has when considered as a grammatical unit. 1936Language XII. 311 Professor J. Vendryes..announced that competent legal opinion indicated the desirability of organizing separate national groups..for the advancement of phonological (phonematic) studies. 1949Trans. Philol. Soc. 1948 129 We may speak of a five-vowel or seven-vowel phonematic system. 1952A. Cohen Phonemes of Eng. i. 12 An implication is the replacing of one phoneme by another under definite phonematic conditions. 1956J. Whatmough Language v. 84 The strange words that a language adopts are adapted to its own phonematic and other patterns. 1958Proc. 8th Internat. Congr. Linguists. 763 Quechua, a language with a phonematic system of 3 vowels only. 1962P. S. Ray in F. A. Rice Study of Role of Second Lang. in Asia, Afr. & Lat. Amer. 101 Even one who prefers to write ‘phonemic’ rather than ‘phonematic’ is doing a bit of prescriptive intervention. 1977A. Sheridan tr. Lacan's Ecrits iv. 126 The elements of the language (langue) at its different levels, from the phonematic pair of oppositions to the compound expressions to disengage the stable forms of which is the task of the most modern research.
b. In ‘prosodic analysis’, designating a segmental element of vowel or consonant features which combines with prosodies (see prosody 3).
1949[see prosody 3]. 1964R. H. Robins Gen. Linguistics iv. 159 Prosodic analysis, as it is usually called, is a brief title for a method of phonological analysis that employs as fundamental concepts two types of element, not reducible to a common type, prosodies and phonematic units. 1968J. Lyons Introd. Theoret. Linguistics. iii. 129 The sequence of phonematic units constitutes the segmental ‘infrastructure’ of the word, whereas the prosodies form its ‘superstructure’. 1972Hartmann & Stork Dict. Lang. & Linguistics 187/2 At first sight phonematic units and prosodies seem to be equivalent to segmental and suprasegmental phonemes of the traditional phonemic analysis, but in a prosodic analysis, features which would be assigned to segmental phonemes in a phonemic analysis are sometimes assigned to prosodies, e.g. such features as palatalisation, nasalisation or lip rounding.
B. n. pl. [see -ic 2.]
a. Phonemics.
1936Proc. 2nd Internat. Congr. Phonetic Sci. 49 By phonematics I understand a science which treats phonemes exclusively as elements of language. 1939L. H. Gray Foundations of Lang. iii. 62 The phoneme..is..regarded as..a point in the linguistic (grammatical) pattern (‘phonematics’). 1949Amer. Speech XXIV. 54 It [sc. the term phonemics] has replaced in American usage the terms phonology and phonematics. 1953W. J. Entwistle Aspects of Lang. iii. 94 The chapter-heading Sounds is used to cover..questions affecting the pattern (phonematics, not the ungrammatical ‘phonemics’). 1960J. Vachek Dict. de Linguistique de l'École de Prague 61/1 Phonologie (Phonemics; less frequently, Phonematics/Phonology..). 1961Brno Studies in English III. 55 In his well-known compendium of diachronistic phonematics,..A. Martinet rightly insists on the presence in any language of two opposed forces. 1964E. Palmer tr. Martinet's Elem. Gen. Linguistics. i. 30 They form a chapter entitled prosody distinct from phonematics, which treats of the units of the second articulation.
b. That part of ‘prosodic analysis’ which deals with phonematic units.
1971Archivum Linguisticum New Ser. II. 68 ‘Phonematics’ (a term which bears only etymological resemblance to ‘phonemics’).
So phoneˈmatically adv., in relation to phonemes or phonematic units; according to the theory of phonemes or phonematic units; phonematiˈzation, advancement from allophonic to phonemic status; phonemaˈtology, phonemics, phonematics (sense a).
1949Archivum Linguisticum I. 41 There is, further, a well-known problem in English phonematology. 1950Ibid. II. 181 The book [sc. D. Jones's The Phoneme] is..essentially a hand-book of phonematology. 1951S. Ullmann Princ. Semantics ii. 47 With reference to phonematically constituted word-engrams. 1956Trans. Philol. Soc. 34 There are distinctions in the written language which are phonematically motivated. 1956J. Whatmough Language i. 11 If you hear pwivate ‘private’ from a few speakers [w] is a variant, phonematically speaking, of [r]. 1958A. S. C. Ross Etym. i. 24 Phonematology has one extremely practical application, that is, the construction of alphabets for languages hitherto unwritten. 1962Canad. Jrnl. Linguistics VII. ii. 79 When such adaptations become loanwords, however, they sometimes are phonematically homophonous with native words. 1964Amer. Speech XXXIX. 70 Phonematization of /ü/ in eastern dialects of Basque resulted from changes [o] → [u], [u] → [ü]. 1971Archivum Linguisticum New Ser. II. 85 With the exception of the 3 sg. general tense ending.., all the endings can be analyzed phonematically as the same for each person regardless of tense. 1977Word 1972 XXVIII. 250 Automatic nasalization of vowels in contact with nasal consonants is a general characteristic of languages in which there are no phonematically nasalized vowels. 1978Language LIV. 231 Phonematization relies on the examination of contrasts. |