| 释义 |
phonograph, n.|ˈfəʊnəgrɑːf, -æ-|
[f. Gr. ϕωνή voice (see phono-) + (in sense 1) -(ό)γραϕος written, (in sense 2) -γράϕος writing, writer: see -graph.]
†1. A character representing a sound: = phonogram 1. Obs. rare.
1835–40Hincks On Hieroglyphics (MS. B.M., Egypt. Antiq., 19 e), Hieroglyphic characters are either ideographs, that is, representations of ideas, or phonographs, that is, representations of sounds. 1845–57Pitman Man. Phonogr. 19 Phonograph, a written letter, or mark, indicating a certain sound, or modification of a sound; as, ·e, — k. [Later called phonogram.]
2.
†a. Another name for the phonautograph. Obs.
b. electro-magnetic phonograph: see quot.
1863Jrnl. Soc. Arts 16 Oct. 747/1 Electro-magnetic phonograph. This machine is capable of being attached to pianofortes, organs, and other keyed musical instruments, by means of which they are rendered melographic, that is, capable of writing down any music..played upon them.
3. a. (spec. talking phonograph.) An instrument, invented by Thomas A. Edison in 1877 (patented 30 July), by which sounds are automatically recorded and reproduced. In Britain the word is retained only for early cylinder machines, but in N. Amer. it has become synonymous with record player, record deck, etc., corresponding to the British gramophone. Also attrib.
The aerial sound-vibrations enter a mouth-piece, and cause vibration in a thin metal diaphragm having attached to it a steel point, which makes tracings (as in the phonautograph) upon a sheet of soft metal or hard wax fixed upon a revolving cylinder; by means of these tracings the diaphragm, whose vibrations originally produced them, may be caused (by again turning the cylinder) to repeat these vibrations, and thus reproduce (more or less perfectly) the original sounds.
1877Sc. Amer. 17 Nov. 304 Whoever may speak into the mouthpiece of the phonograph. 1877Edison Specif. U.S. Patent 24 Dec., Improvement in phonograph or speaking machines. 1878Examiner 2 Mar. 283/1 The Phonograph is now in England; all doubts as to the reality of the invention are at an end. The instrument has spoken in our hearing. 1878G. B. Prescott Speaking Telephone x. 305 Having provided thus for the durability of the phonograph plate, it will be very easy [etc.]. Ibid. 430/2 (Index), The talking phonograph record. 1879G. B. Prescott Sp. Telephone 306 The talking phonograph is a natural outcome of the telephone. 1885F. Harrison Choice Bks. (1886) 178 The old man's laugh..comes up to us as out of a phonograph. 1909Jrnl. Industr. & Engin. Chem. Mar. 157/2 Phonograph records have been made with it [sc. Bakelite]. 1913[see gramophone]. 1927Jrnl. Abnormal Psychol. XXII. 13 Several of the major phonograph companies maintain ‘race record’ departments. 1929E. Wilson I thought of Daisy i. 15 Somebody turned on the phonograph which began jigging a popular fox-trot. 1946Fortune Oct. 158/2 Home phonographs rarely compare in precision with professional studio equipment. 1949Reader's Digest Dec. 139/1 Sixteen million American phonograph owners are bewildered and unhappy. 1952[see gramophone]. 1956C. Fowler High Fidelity i. 9 Time was when a phonograph made by one of the big companies was automatically considered low-fidelity. 1960C. Hansen in A. Dundes Mother Wit (1973) 507 The advertisements of..phonograph record companies. 1967A. L. Lloyd Folk Song in England i. 65 Singers..whom Percy Grainger recorded on phonograph cylinders as early as 1904. 1975Daily Tel. 17 Jan. 8/6 An Edison phonograph of about 1905 obtained {pstlg}240. It was sold with 38 cylinder records. 1975New Yorker 29 Sept. 64/2 Mrs. Santana turned off the TV, turned on the phonograph to its top volume, and went into the kitchen.
b. fig. Applied to a person or thing that exactly reproduces the utterances of some other.
1884Pall Mall G. 3 Apr. 1/2 All those whose humble office it is to act as phonographs of the tittle-tattle which forms the staple of the ordinary conversation of Society. 1890‘R. Boldrewood’ Miner's Right (1899) 29/2, I heard it all in memory's wondrous phonograph.
c. Comb.
1891F. M. Wilson Primer on Browning 214 That phonograph-like conservation of force, heredity.
Hence ˈphonograph v. trans., (a) to report in (Pitman's) phonography; (b) to record or reproduce by or as by a phonograph.
1857J. H. Gihon Geary & Kansas 219 It is a great loss to the world that their speeches were not phonographed and preserved for future generations. 1883G. Rogers in Spurgeon Treas. Dav. Ps. cxxxix. 2–4 Whether it be so or not, they are phonographed in the mind of God. |