| 释义 |
▪ I. ‖ piano, a. (adv.) n.1|ˈpjano|
[It. piano:—L. plān-us flat, in later L. of sound, soft, low.]
I. Mus.
1. a. adj. Of the expression: Soft, low (also fig. gentle, mild, weak). b. adv. Softly, in a low tone or voice. Abbrev. p.
1683Purcell Sonnatas in 3 Parts Pref., The English Practitioner..will find a few terms of Art perhaps unusual to him, the chief of which are..Piano. 1724Short Explic. For. Wds. in Mus. Bks., Piano, or the Letter P, signifies Soft or Low. 1762Colman Musical Lady i. 11 O Piano, my dear Lady Scrape, Piano. a1817Jane Austen Persuasion (1818) IV. vi. 120 James Benwick is rather too piano for me. 1856Mrs. C. Clarke tr. Berlioz' Instrument. 5 Chords of three or four notes..produce rather a bad effect when played piano. 1884Blackw. Mag. Dec. 782/2 The cry for peace will probably become very piano. 1886E. L. Bynner A. Surriage xiv. 157 The music lapsed from piano to pianissimo. 1900E. Glyn Visits of Elizabeth 188 The Marquis..looked thoroughly worn out and as piano as a beaten dog. 1922A. Huxley Let. 9 Sept. (1969) 209 Aunt Nettie is with us: but happily she is in a very calm and piano mood so that she is quite an agreeable companion. 1941[see exalté a.]. 1953E. M. Forster Hill of Devi 138 Very piano and tired, poor dear.
2. n. A passage or series of notes sung or played softly; a soft or gentle tone.
1730in Rimbault Hist. Pianoforte (1860) 149 An harpsichord, on which..may be performed..either in the forts or pianos. 1759Sterne Tr. Shandy I. xix, That soft and irresistible piano of voice. 1859Gen. P. Thompson Audi Alt. II. xcvii. 83 A musical performer, who filled his composition with pianos.
II.
3. n. A flat or floor in an Italian dwelling-house, hotel, etc.
1860Hawthorne Marb. Faun v, He ascended from story to story,..until the glories of the first piano were exchanged..for a sort of Alpine region. Ibid. vii, At the Palazzo Cenci, third piano.
▪ II. piano, n.2|pɪˈænəʊ|
[a. It. piano, shortened from pianoforte or fortepiano. So in Fr., Sp., Pg., Du., Da., and Sw.]
1. a. A musical instrument, the pianoforte.
1803E. S. Bowne in Scribner's Mag. II. 175/2 There is scarcely a house..without a Piano-forte; the Post Master has an elegant grand Piano. 1807–8W. Irving Salmag. (1824) 172 To hear a lady give lectures on the piano. 1838Dickens Nich. Nick. ii, The notes of pianos and harps float in the evening time round the head of the mournful statue. 1880A. J. Hipkins in Grove Dict. Mus. II. 718/2 Erard..in 1796..accomplished the making of a grand piano. 1890Pall Mall G. 20 Feb. 2/1 The first piano brought to England was made at Rome, and belonged to Fanny Burney's friend Samuel Crispe.
b. Piano-playing.
1946J. Cary Moonlight viii. 55, I was looking forward to some real old romantic piano, with the genuine macassar flavour. 1950Blesh & Janis They all played Ragtime iii. 55 Turpin, who had pioneered syncopated piano in the Missouri metropolis. 1968Blues Unlimited Sept. 10, I heard..some straggling piano. 1975Listener 11 Dec. 796/2 A boy with a musical ear, who had picked up piano from an old black man in a city dive. 1978Gramophone July 178/1 He then went on to study piano and finally, almost by accident, conducting.
c. Chiefly U.S. slang. = spare-rib.
1911J. W. Horsley I Remember xi. 254 Ingenuity and humour are sometimes the parents of slang terms..I was reminded by..‘piano’ for ribs of beef. 1942Z. N. Hurston in Amer. Mercury July 96/1 Piano, spare ribs (white rib-bones suggest piano keys).
2. attrib. and Comb.
a. simple attrib., as piano bench, piano-case, piano concerto, piano-cover, piano-key, piano-keyboard, piano-lamp, piano-leg, piano-lesson, piano-master, piano-music, piano-packing-case, piano piece, piano-rack, piano recital, piano recording, piano rehearsal, piano solo, piano sonata, piano-stool;
b. objective and obj. genitive, as piano-maker, piano-player (person or instrument), piano-pounder, piano-tuner; piano-buying, piano-playing, piano-strumming, piano-thumping, piano-tuning vbl. ns. and ppl. adjs.;
c. instrumental, etc., as piano-distracted, piano-practising adjs.;
d. special combs.: piano-accordion (see accordion); piano-action, the mechanism by which the impulse of the fingers upon the keys is communicated to the strings; piano-conductor, a musician who conducts a band while playing the piano part; piano-failure, pianist's cramp; piano-monitor, a bar of metal placed a few inches above and before the keys of a piano, on which to rest the wrists of learners; piano part, the part assigned to the piano in concerted music; piano quartet = pianoforte quartet s.v. pianoforte b; piano quintet = pianoforte quintet s.v. pianoforte b; piano rag, a rag for performance on the piano (see rag n.5 2); piano reduction, an arrangement of orchestral music for performance on the piano (see reduction 11 d); piano roll = music-roll (b) s.v. music n. 13 d; also (with hyphen) attrib.; piano-school, a school for the teaching of piano-playing; also, a method of instruction on the piano; piano score, a pianoforte score, spec. a condensed version of a full score for performance on the piano; piano trio = pianoforte trio s.v. pianoforte b; piano wire, a special kind of strong steel wire used for the strings of pianos (see quot. 1956); a length of this; cf. pianoforte wire; piano-writing, composing for the piano.
1914G. B. Shaw Pygmalion (1916) ii. 137 Higgins..takes refuge on the *piano bench. 1977New Yorker 19 Sept. 62/3 She picked up the score from the piano bench.
1850Rep. Comm. Patents 1849 (U.S.) I. 300 What I claim..is a *piano case or trunk lock. 1876J. S. Ingram Centenn. Exposition x. 334 Another very creditable piece of work was a rosewood piano-case. 1908Sears, Roebuck Catal. 210/2 Every Beckwith piano case..is double veneered inside and outside.
1879Grove Dict. Mus. I. 387/2 In the whole of his *piano concertos..we find an allegro, a slow movement, and a finale in quick time. 1934A. L. Bacharach Mus. Compan. iv. 598 There are far greater depths in the two piano concertos of Brahms. 1975Times 22 Mar. 11/3 With 18 versions of Schumann's piano concerto already available, an immediate reaction to HMV's latest could well be ‘why another?’
1934S. R. Nelson All about Jazz ii. 43 The *piano-conductor part of a commercial orchestration is very similar. 1957Manvell & Huntley Technique Film Music i. 21 A series of scenes involving Lynch and Colonel Cameron, occupying two pages of the piano-conductor score.
1903Westm. Gaz. 31 Aug. 2/3 Probably more neighbours are *piano-distracted than annoyed by marital disagreements.
1899Allbutt's Syst. Med. VIII. 12 In cases of *piano-failure, I always examine carefully the extensors of the wrist and fingers.
1863Jrnl. Soc. Arts 16 Oct. 747/2 The mere motion of a *piano key, without any alteration in the touch required. 1883‘Annie Thomas’ Mod. Housewife 151 Their hands have not lost their cunning on the piano-keys.
1898Daily News 20 Dec. 3/1 Shooting rapidly from one end of the *piano-keyboard..to the other.
1896Whims Apr. 72 Ushered in, he found Margaret doing fancy-work under a large *piano-lamp in the parlor. 1897McClure's Mag. Nov. 57 The soft, yellow light from the shaded piano-lamp fell about her. 1909Cent. Dict. Suppl. 996/3 Piano-lamp, a lamp intended for use with a piano: usually one with a firm tripod or other base and an adjustable standard by which it can be raised or lowered.
1849Thackeray Pendennis xvi, Devoted to her mamma and her *piano-lesson.
1842Francis Dict. Arts, etc., *Piano-Monitor.
1934A. L. Bacharach Mus. Compan. v. 482 There are..modern chamber works weighted with *piano parts that make as heavy demands on virtuosity as any concerto. 1955G. Abraham in H. Van Thal Fanfare for E. Newman 26 Telling touches were added..notably the sharpening of the D in the piano-part. 1969Listener 2 Jan. 25/1 Another [friend] was forbidden to have his new work performed unless he omitted some offending clusters from the piano part.
1897Sears, Roebuck Catal. 538/1 Easy and medium *piano pieces..just the collection for home. 1935E. Farjeon Nursery in Nineties 283 We drew up a programme..a group of Harry's last piano-pieces, a Solo by Joe. 1977K. O'Hara Ghost of T. Penry iv. 32 Faintly..came the sound of the same piano piece.
1899Allbutt's Syst. Med. VIII. 12 Cases of break down in *piano-players. 1906Chambers's Jrnl. 31 Mar. 286/2 Anything in the nature of a mechanical piano-player uncontrolled by the taste and discretion of some guiding mind..is naturally abhorrent. Yet the instrument under review is..absolutely automatic. 1907Westm. Gaz. 17 Sept. 10/1 The most rapid growth has been in mechanical piano-players and piano-playing attachments. 1933H. S. Walpole Vanessa iii. iv. 558 A typist whom Alfred had engaged actually owned a mechanical piano-player, bought of course on hire-purchase. 1964L. Deighton Funeral in Berlin x. 64 The piano-player did a fancy cadenza.
1857C. G. Leland in Graham's Illustr. Mag. May 458/1 Hans Breitmann gife a barty—dey had *biano-blayin. 1859Geo. Eliot Let. 7 Oct. (1954) III. 172, I had abundant time and opportunity for hours of piano-playing. 1881H. James Portr. Lady xxi, Speaking of her piano-playing. 1899Allbutt's Syst. Med. VIII. 6 Perfection in any complicated manipulations such as writing, knitting, or piano-playing. 1956‘C. Blackstock’ Dewey Death vii. 169 She persistently told the world about..her piano playing and her temperament. 1977Times 15 Nov. 17/5 The idiosyncrasy of his piano-playing.
1883Howells Register ii, Some *piano-pounder is there.
1934A. L. Bacharach Mus. Compan. viii. 488 During the same four years he wrote also a piano trio..and the first of his *piano quartets. 1975Radio Times 15 May 32/3 Dvořák... Piano Quartet in D major, Op. 23: Beaux Arts Trio with Walter Trampler (viola).
1925E. Sackville-West Piano Quintet i. 1 A *piano quintet, they were to start in a month's time upon a professional tour on the Continent. 1934A. L. Bacharach Mus. Compan. viii. 488 There are many who regard this work as the direct ancestor of the great piano quintets of Schumann and Brahms. 1959Collins Mus. Encycl. 525/2 The combination of piano with string quartet is called a piano quintet.
1881Scribner's Mag. XXI. 273/1 On the *piano-rack stood the song she had taught him.
1972Jazz & Blues Oct. 32/1 (Advt.), Joshua Rifkin's first Nonesuch album of piano rags. 1974Melody Maker 20 Apr. 46 The first piano rag publication was ‘Mississippi Rag’ in 1897 by William H. Kvell.
1881Harper's Mag. May 814/1 *Piano and organ recitals have long been fashionable. 1950L. Salter Going to Concert 99 At everything but piano recitals, there is a second person involved who has it..in his power to turn the whole affair into a success or a failure. 1972E. Greenfield Penguin Guide to Bargain Records No. 3. 297 As a popular piano recital this seems wholly successful.
1962*Piano recording [see piano-stool below]. 1975Hi-Fi News Feb. 131/3 One of the most unspectacularly natural piano recordings I have heard for a long time.
[1944W. Apel Harvard Dict. Mus. (1946) 631/2 Réduction, Fr., arrangement. Piano réduction, arrangement for piano.] 1966Listener 29 Dec. 976/2 Autograph or copyist's manuscripts are still turning up. To mention one striking find of recent years, a copyist's manuscript of a *piano reduction of the second Prologue of Romeo and Juliet. 1979E. Wilkins et al. tr. Sel. Lett. Gustav Mahler 209, I hope you have received the piano reduction.
1966Listener 10 Nov. 704/3, I had coached most of the singers..and I also played for his *piano rehearsals.
1926Whiteman & McBride Jazz viii. 170 The mechanical royalties arising from phonograph and *piano roll records are usually protected in the contract. 1956M. Stearns Story of Jazz (1957) xiii. 143 Most piano-roll companies employed a hack who could ‘rag’ any tune for issue on a piano roll. 1965Listener 1 Apr. 501/2 They did make a considerable number of piano-rolls, but with the ascendancy of the gramophone in the twenties, these perforated screeds of paper were relegated to the lumber-room of the past. 1973Guardian 7 Mar. 10 ‘Maple Leaf Rug’ underwrote [Scott] Joplin's reputation... His own piano rolls, cut late in his career when his health was failing, hardly do him justice.
1929H. Crane Let. 26 Feb. (1965) 339 They've promised to publish The Bridge—on sheets as large as a *piano score. 1938Oxf. Compan. Mus. 851/2 A Piano Score is the reduction of an orchestral score to a piano version. 1964D. Francis Nerve ii. 16 My mother's grand piano lay inches deep in piano scores. 1977R. Barnard Death on High C's xviii. 185 The piano score of Rigoletto.
1923J. Reith Diary 19 Mar. (1975) 131 There was no *piano solo so I..got him to play Schubert's ‘Marche Militaire’. 1943L. Abbott Approach to Music iv. 74 Schubert composed his ‘Serenade’ as a song, but Liszt transcribed it for piano solo. 1977Listener 17 Feb. 215/3 The atmospheric ‘Slow Drag’..includes a delicate piano solo by Kenny Kersey.
1859A. J. Munby Diary 25 May in D. Hudson Munby (1972) 33 Songs, serious & comic: *piano-sonatas, and duets and trios with violin and violoncello. 1924M. Kennedy Constant Nymph xvi. 214 A piano sonata which Sebastian was to play at a concert. 1975Gramophone Mar. 1629/1 She could play a piano sonata by ear as a child.
1847C. Brontë J. Eyre II. iii. 82 She turned round on the *piano-stool. 1877E. S. Ward Story of Avis 335 Barbara Allen sat on the piano-stool. 1930G. Greene Two Witnesses 34 We would finish up the evening sitting on either side of him on the piano-stool while he played and sang, in his funny husky tenor voice. 1962A. Nisbett Technique Sound Studio 38 A piano-stool squeak can spoil a piano recording.
1906Westm. Gaz. 11 Aug. 4/3 In these days of universal *piano-thumping. c1909D. H. Lawrence Collier's Friday Night (1934) ii. 30 I'll bet it was a thump! Pomp! Pomp! (Makes a piano-thumping gesture.)
1934A. L. Bacharach Mus. Compan. vii. 486 The majority of his numerous *piano trios belong to this early period. 1977Listener 20 Jan. 94/2 Detailed analyses of the piano trios, piano sonatas, string quartets and symphonies.
1858Boyd's Philad. City Business Directory 223 (heading) *Piano Tuners. 1900H. A. Jones Mrs. Dane's Defence i. 17 A young piano-tuner. 1973A. Christie Postern of Fate ii. iii. 80 It's the gentleman what's come to do the piano... You said I'd have to get a piano tuner.
1897Sears, Roebuck Catal. 538/1 *Piano tuning hammer... Long Rosewood handle, double head with oblong holes, and single head with star hole. 1974Times 21 Oct. 24/3 (Advt.), Piano tuning and repairs. 1975Times 2 Jan. 3/4 Total of piano-tuning trainees trebled.
1870English Mechanic XII. 215/3 *Piano wire..—What are the different sizes of wire as now used for a 7 octave cottage piano? 1938J. Williamson Surveying & Field Work (ed. 2) xvii. 430 Two heavy weights are suspended by five piano wires from an overhead frame. 1955W. Gaddis Recognitions i. iv. 161 All you got to do is get them dumb cops on their motorcycles, and string a good piece of piano wire across the road. 1956A. K. Osborne Encycl. Iron & Steel Industry 317/1 Piano wire, wire made from the best-quality plain carbon steel, with a carbon content of about 0·80% to 0·95%. It is usually drawn to a tensile stress of more than 120 tons per sq. in. 1973R. Busby Pattern of Violence viii. 122 Black hostile faces confronted him in an atmosphere as taut as a piano-wire. 1977Sci. Amer. Oct. 74/3 These light-weight gliders gave MacCready the idea of using an aluminum-tube skeleton braced with piano wire.
1946E. Lockspeiser in A. L. Bacharach Brit. Music xv. 196 There is often clumsiness in the *piano-writing, too monotonous an insistence on pattern, or a lack of finish in the way he handles a phrase. 1959D. Cooke Lang. Mus. i. 6 Comparisons such as those of piano-writing with black-and-white drawing, of orchestration with colour.
Hence piˈano v. nonce-wd., to play the piano.
1855Smedley H. Coverdale xli. 284 She pianos and I do a little in a mild way on the flute. |