| 释义 |
popinjay|ˈpɒpɪndʒeɪ|
Forms: see below.
[In ME. earliest forms a. OF. (and mod.F.) papegai (12th c.), papingay (13th c. in Godef.), AF. also papeiaye (= -jaye) (1355 in Royal Wills), = Pr. papagai, Sp. papagayo, Pg. papagaio; also MHG. papagey, Ger. papagei MLG. papegoie Du. papegaai. OF. had also papegau, papegau(l)t (13th c.), mod.F. papegaut = Cat. papagall, It. pap(p)agallo, med.L. pap(p)agallus (14th c. in Du Cange), mod.Gr. παπαγάλλος. Other forms were med.Gr. παπαγάς, Arab. babaghā, babbaghā, Pers. also bapghā, med.L. papagen, MHG. papegân. Probably the med.Gr. and Arabic represent the earliest form, due to an imitation of the cry of the bird in some African or other non-European language. The form in -gayo, -gaio, -gai, appears to have arisen by assimilation to the name of the European chattering bird, the jay, med.L. gaius, Sp. gayo, Pr. and ONF. gai, central F. geai (= jai), whence the OF. and ME. papegai and papejai, subsequently changed (? after pape, pope)to popegay and popejay, and (like nightingale, passenger, etc.) to papengay popinjay. The forms in -gallus, -gallo, -gall, -gau, appear to have been assimilated to L. gallus cock; the OF. papegau gave the Sc. papingaw, papingo.]
1. An early name for a parrot. Obs. or arch.
(In all the early forms iay, etc. = jay.)
(α) 4 papiaye, (papeiaie, -gai), 4–5 papeiay, 5 papageye, papeiai, -ioy(e, Sc. pape-iay(e, (7 papgay).
[a1310Papeiai: see 4 a.] 13..E.E. Allit. P. B. 1465 Pyes & papeiays purtrayed with-inne. c1386Chaucer Shipman's T. 369 Hoom he gooth murie as a Papeiay [Harl. papiniay]. c1400Mandeville (Roxb.) xxv. 117 Nyghtgales syngand, and papeiays spekand. 1423Jas. I Kingis Q. cx, Vnlike the crow is to the pape-lay. 1483Cath. Angl. 268/2 A Papeiay (A. A Papeioye). [1653Papgay: see 3.]
(β) 4–5 popeiay, 5 popegaye, pope iaye.
1393Langl. P. Pl. C. xv. 173 Þe pokok and þe popeiay with here proude federes. c1400Mandeville (1839) xxvii. 274 Manye Popegayes that thei clepen Psitakes in hire Langage.
(γ) 4 papengay, 5 -ioye, papyniay(e, -gaye, papiniay(e, 6 -geay(e, Sc. -gay.
1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) IV. 307 Oon mette hym wiþ a papengay on his hond. 14..Pol. Rel. & L. Poems 101/251 The pellycan and the papynjaye. 1508Dunbar Twa Mariit Wemen 382, I thoght my self a papingay.
(δ) 4– popin-, 5–7 popen-, 5–6 popyn-, 6–8 poppin-; 4–7 -gay, 5 -ȝay, -yay, 5–6 -iay, -iaye, -geay, 6 -gaye, -iae, -ioye, -gei, -giay, -gjoye, 6–7 -gaie, -iaie, 6–8 -gey, 7 -gie, -ia, -jaye, -gjay; 7–9 poppinjay, 7– popinjay.
1392–3Earl Derby's Exp. (Camden) 286 Pro j cage pro le popingay. c1400Mandeville (1839) xxvii. 271 Of Popengayes, as gret plentee as men fynden here of Gees. 14..Chaucer's Merch. T. 1878 (Camb. MS.) Syngith ful muriere than the popyniay [v. rr. -iaye, -gay, popeniay]. 14..Metr. Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 625/5 Psitagus, popynyay. 1481Caxton Myrr. ii. viii. 84 Ther ben popengayes, whiche ben grene & shynyng lyke pecoks. 1540Elyot Image Gov. (1556) 7 b, With the tounges of Popingaies, Nightyngales, and other sweete singyng birdes. 1544Turner Avium Præcip. H vj, Psitacus, Anglicè a popiniay. 1553Eden Treat. Newe Ind. (Arb.) 19 There bee also grene popingeays. 1577Frampton Joyfull Newes iii. (1596) 94 He had eaten much fleshe of Popingeies. 1580Babington Exp. Lord's Prayer (1596) 20 The Cardinals Popiniay that could pronounce distinctly all the Articles of the Creede. 1600J. Pory tr. Leo's Africa ix. 349 Of the parrat or poppiniay. These parrats are commonly founde in the woods of Ethiopia. a1649Drummond of Hawthornden Fam. Ep. Wks. (1711) 156 The artificial notes of the learned popingayes in the guilt cages. 1657Owen Schism Wks. 1852 XIII. 164 An empty insignificant word like the speech of parrots and popinjays. 1792Wolcott (P. Pindar) Ode Directors i, Lo, lofty poets are no longer priz'd, That to an eagle turn'd a popinjay. 1816Scott Old Mort. ii, The figure of a bird decked with party-coloured feathers, so as to resemble a popinjay or parrot.
(ε) (Sc.) 6 papinga, -gaw, -go, 8 popingoe.
1530Lyndesay Test. Papyngo 63 The complaynt of ane woundit Papingo. a1550Freiris of Berwik 148 in Dunbar's Poems (S.T.S.) 290 Als prowd as ony papingo. 1570Satir. Poems Reform. xv. 37 Ȝe plesand Paun and Papingaw Cast of ȝour blyithlyke cullour. a1583A. Arbuthnot Praises of Women in Pinkerton Anc. Scot. Poems I. 142 The papingo in hew Excedis birdis all. [1794Popingoe: see 3.]
2. A representation of a parrot.
†a. As an ornament: chiefly in tapestry. Obs.
[1328Inv. Bp. Stapleton (Hingeston-R.) 566 Tria tapecia crocei coloris pulverizata de papegais.] 13..Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 611 Bryddez on semez, As papiayez paynted pernyng bitwene. a1400–50Alexander 5129 With pellicans & papeioyes polischt & grauen. a1440Sir Degrev. 1480 Perreye in ylke a plas, And papageyes of grene. c1475Sqr. lowe Degre 798 A cloth of golde abought your heade, With popinjayes pyght with pery reed. 1546Inv. Ch. Goods (Surtees, No. 97) 140 One suyt of baldking with popingjoyes. 1578T. N. tr. Conq. W. India 198 They will make a Parret or Popin Jay of mettall, that his tongue shall shake, and his heade move, and his wings flutter.
b. As a heraldic charge or bearing; also as the sign of an inn.
c1420Lydg. Assembly of Gods 817 A popyniay was hys crest; he was of gret dyffence. 1687Lond. Gaz. No. 2306/4 And the Thursday after, at the Popinjay in Norwich. 1868Cussans Her. (1882) 92 After the Eagle and the Falcon, the Birds of most frequent occurrence in Armory are the Swan, Game cock, Cornish Chough, Pelican, Heron, Popinjay (or Parrot). [1881Burke Peerage & Baronetage 7/1 (Sir R. J. Abercromby, Bart.) Three papingoes, vert, beaked and membered, gu.]
3. The figure of a parrot fixed on a pole as a mark to shoot at. Obs. exc. Hist.
a1548Hall Chron., Hen. VIII 60, I sawe on a Sondaye this Lent .vi. C. straungiers shotyng at ye Popyngaye with Crosbowes. 1630R. Johnson's Kingd. & Commw. 185 There is in each City a shooting with the Peece at a Popingay of wood, set upon some high Steeple. 1653Urquhart Rabelais i. xxiii. 107 Gargantua..shot at but⁓marks, at the papgay [Fr. papegay] from below upwards, or to a height. 1794Statist. Acc. Scot. XI. 173 One is a perpendicular mark, called a popingoe{ddd}cut out in wood, fixed in the end of a pole, and placed 120 feet high, on the steeple of the monastery. 1816Scott Old Mort. ii, The chief [sport] was to shoot at the popinjay. 1825C. M. Westmacott Eng. Spy II. 8 We'll shoot at pride and poppinjays.
4. fig.
†a. Formerly applied to a person in a eulogistic sense, in allusion to the beauty and rarity of the bird. Obs. rare.
a1310in Wright Lyric P. v. 26 He is papeiai in pyn that beteth me my bale, To trewe tortle in a Tour y telle the mi tale. c1430Lydg. Commend. Our Lady 81 O popiniay, plumed with al clennesse. c1450Holland Howlat 125 The Pacoke of pryce That was Pape cald..He callit on his cubicular..That was the proper Pape Iaye, provde in his apparale.
b. More usually taken as a type of vanity or empty conceit, in allusion to the bird's gaudy plumage, or to its mechanical repetition of words and phrases, and thus applied contemptuously to a person: cf. parrot 2.
1528Tindale Obed. Chr. Man 89 b, The prest ought to..Christen them in the english tonge, and not to playe the popengay with Credo saye ye: volo saye ye and baptismum saye ye, for there ought to be no mummynge in soch a mater. 1596Shakes. 1 Hen. IV, i. iii. 50, I then, all-smarting, with my wounds being cold, (To be so pestered with a Popingay). a1618Raleigh Invent. Shipping 41 Popinjayes that value themselves by their out sides, and by their Players coats. 1678Otway Friendship in F. v. i, Shall I draw my Cerebrus and cut you off, you gaudy Popinjays? 1819Scott Ivanhoe xxxv, The fond fool was decked in a painted coat, and jangling as pert and as proud as any popinjay. 1881Besant & Rice Chapl. of Fleet II. 216, I think the players are better company than your priggish popinjays.
†5. The prevailing colour of the green parrot; a shade of green; also attrib. or as adj., as popinjay blue, popinjay colour, popinjay green, popinjay yellow. Obs.
1547Recorde Judic. Ur. 16 b, There are also oyle coloures (that is popingey grene) of iii sortes. 1573Art of Limming 8 If you mingle Azure and Masticot together, you shal haue thereof a perfite Popinjay greene. 1577Breton Flourish Fancie (Grosart) 14/2 The colours of her cloath are..red, blewe, greene, Cernation, Yelow and popyniay. 1578Lyte Dodoens vi. lxix. 746 Couered with a barke of a light greene or Popingay colour. 1587Harrison England ii. vii. (1877) i. 172, I might here name..hewes deuised for the nonce..as..popingaie blue. 1622Peacham Compl. Gent. 114 If more inclining to a Popingjay, adde more Pinke to your white Lead. 1688R. Holme Armoury iii. xix. (Roxb.) 157/2 All mixt colours..as carnation, Oreng-tawny, Sky colour, Popengie, Russett, are bastard and dishonorable colours. 1719D'Urfey Pills II. 19 Beck had a Coat of Popin-jay. 1865N. & Q. 3rd Ser. VIII. 372/2 Popinjay-green, philomel-yellow, &c., no longer appear in the Army Lists.
†b. Name of a plant. Obs. rare—0 and doubtful.
1658Phillips, Popingey,..also an Herb, so called from being of the colour of that bird, being a kinde of greenish colour, this Herb is called in Latin Symphonia.
6. A local name of the green woodpecker.
[1612Peacham Gentl. Exerc. 128 Terpsichore would bee expressed..vppon her head a coronet of..those greene feathers of the poppiniaie, in token of that victory, which the Muses got of..the daughters of Pierius,..who after were turned into poppiniaies or wood-peckers.] 1833G. Montagu's Ornith. Dict. 385 Poppinjay, Picus viridis. 1894Newton Dict. Birds, Popinjay..has in this country been transferred to the Green Woodpecker. 1902T. Hardy Mother Mourns Poems 73 My popinjays fail from their tappings.
Hence ˈpopinjayess, nonce-wd.
1890W. A. Wallace Only a Sister? 192 You sweet future popinjayess. |