| 释义 |
▪ I. pickle, n.1|ˈpɪk(ə)l|
Forms: 5 pekille, pykyl, pikkyll, pykulle, 6 (pegyll, pigell), pyccle, pikle, pykle, 6–7 pickel(l, 6– pickle.
[app. a. MDu. pekel(e, peeckel (a 1473 in Teuthonista) or MLG. pēkel, LG., Du. pekel, E.Fris. pekel, päkel, mod.Ger. pökel brine, pickle. Ulterior origin obscure.
(Verdam suggests that Du. pekel was a deriv. of verbal root pik-, pek-, in sense ‘that which pricks or is piquant’.)]
1. a. A salt or acid liquor (usually brine or vinegar, sometimes with spices) in which flesh, vegetables, etc., are preserved. (In early use, also applied to certain sauces eaten with flesh as a relish.)
a1440Morte Arth. 1027 Sevene knave childre, Choppid in a chargour of chalke whytt sylver, With pekille and powdyre of precious spycez. c1440Promp. Parv. 397/2 Pykyl, sawce, picula. c1450Two Cookery-bks. 77 Pikkyll pour le Mallard. 1502Arnolde Chron. (1811) 189 To make a Pigell to kepe freshe Sturgen in. 1530Palsgr. 254/1 Pyccle sauce, savlmure. 1553Eden Treat. Newe Ind. (Arb.) 29 Keping it in a certayne pickle. 1600Surflet Countrie Farme ii. li. 349 A pickle..made of two parts of vineger, and one of salt brine. 1606Shakes. Ant. & Cl. ii. v. 66 Thou shalt be whipt with Wyer, and stew'd in brine, Smarting in lingring pickle. 1728E. Smith Compl. Housew. (ed. 2) 63 Make a Pickle of Vinegar, Salt, whole Pepper, Cloves, Mace, and boil it, and pour it on the Mangoes. 1809Kendall Trav. II. xlvi. 132 The strength of the water being now such as to constitute it a brine or pickle.
fig.1649Woodstock Scuffle xi. in Scott Woodst. App. 1, Nothing else is history But pickle of antiquity. 1675Hobbes Odyssey (1677) 62 He was in the sea o'r head and ears: At last he rais'd his head above the pickle.
b. in pickle (fig.), kept in preparation for use; esp. in phr. a rod in pickle, a punishment in reserve, ready to be inflicted on occasion: see rod.
1589Pappe w. Hatchet E j b, I but he hath..arguments that haue been these twentie yeres in pickle. 1625B. Spenser Vox Civitatis 26, I feare God hath worse rods in pickell for you. 1828Craven Gloss. (ed. 2) s.v., This is a threatening admonition for an idle or truant boy. ‘There's a stick i pickle for thee my lad’. 1881Mrs. E. Lynn Linton Rebel of Family II. vii, It was only after the last good word of glad tidings had been said that the rod was taken out of the pickle. 1885Daily News 3 Nov. 5/2 He will return to the tranquil enjoyment of his 1,000,000 dollars now in pickle, it is said, in the English funds.
2. Some article of food preserved in pickle; usually (pl.), vegetables (as cabbage, cauliflower, onions, cucumbers, walnuts, mangoes, etc.) pickled, and eaten as a relish.
1707Mortimer Husb. (1721) II. 26 The Keys of the Ash are a good Pickle while young and tender; and when near ripe. 1710Addison Tatler No. 255 ⁋2 Conserves [are] of a much colder Nature than your common Pickles. 1758Johnson Idler No. 33 ⁋24 Received a present of pickles from Miss Pilcocks. 1853A. Soyer Pantroph. 64 Mallows..occupied one of the first ranks among pickles.
3. An acid solution, or other chemical preparation, used for cleansing metal or wood, or for other purposes.
1776Withering Brit. Plants (1796) I. 38 Filtre it through paper; keep it in a bottle closely corked, and call it the pickle. 1839Ure Dict. Arts 860 These plates, while still warm, are rubbed over with a dilute acid or pickle. 1879Cassell's Techn. Educ. IV. 299/2 A dipper had..left a quantity of work all night in the ‘pickle’ or cleansing solution.
4. fig.
a. A condition or situation, usually disagreeable; a sorry plight or predicament. (Usually with defining word.) Now colloq.[Cf. Du. in de pekel zitten, iemand in de pekel laten zitten.] 1562J. Heywood Prov. & Epigr. (1867) 157 Freilties pickell. 1573Tusser Husb. (1878) 125 Reape barlie with sickle, that lies in ill pickle. 1585Foxe Serm. on 2 Cor. v. 21 In this pickle lyeth man by nature, that is, all wee that be Adams children. a1620J. Dyke Worthy Commun. (1645) 382 Who could have..embraced a person in so filthy a pickle? 1741Richardson Pamela (1824) I. 77, I warrant, added she, he was in a sweet pickle! 1823Byron Juan viii. xliii, The Turkish batteries thrash'd them like a flail, Or a good boxer, into a sad pickle. 1893Stevenson Catriona 291, I could see no way out of the pickle I was in. 1926H. Crane Let. 29 Mar. (1965) 243 I'm in no particular pickle at present. 1943E. Caldwell Georgia Boy ii. 21 I've got that marriage ceremony to perform in less than half an hour. It's too late for me to hunt up anybody else to ring the bell, and if you don't ring it for me, I'll be in a pretty pickle. 1955Times 24 May 4/7 Leicestershire would have been in a pretty pickle without their captain, C. H. Palmer, in their current match with Surrey at Leicester. 1960M. Spark Bachelors ii. 19 You're going to leave Alice in a nice pickle if the case goes against you. Ibid. viii. 115 You've got us in a pickle. 1961B. Fergusson Watery Maze x. 245 This landing had got into a pickle partly because of the bad weather, which had impeded the rate of build-up. 1967G. F. Fiennes I tried to run Railway iv. 40 In a matter of days we were in a rare pickle. 1977Jersey Even. Post 26 July 8/6 Don't leave jobs unfinished in order to start on something new, or you'll end up in a right old pickle.
b. gen. Condition, trim, guise. rare.
1706Phillips, Accoutrement, Dress, Garb, Pickle. 1846Hawthorne Mosses i. ix. 190 It is difficult to conceive how he keeps himself in any decent pickle.
c. pl. Nonsense, something worthless, an absurd statement. Also as int. slang. (No longer current.)
1846Swell's Night Guide 34 ‘Pickles,’ as the swell draper would say, ‘but they frizzle and mangle music like bricks.’ 1859H. J. Byron Maid & Magpie v. 31 If you and your minion Indulge that opinion, Ten pounds to an onion its pickles, I bet. 1889J. Hatton Reminisc. J. L. Toole II. v. 150 Or, the advance being ordered, had he exclaimed, ‘Oh, Pickles!’ before seeking convenient shelter from the foe? 1898L. Merrick Actor-Manager v. 66 The rent they ask is a hundred and fifty, but that's all pickles!
5. a. A person, usually a boy, who is always causing trouble: cf. pickled1 2 b; a troublesome or mischievous child; † a wild young fellow. colloq.
1788Hist. Schoolboy 72 He told Master Blotch he was a pickle, and dismissed him to his cricket. 1809Malkin Gil Blas i. xvii. ⁋6 If the little gentleman is a pickle, they will lay all the blame on your bad management. 1811Lex. Balatron., Pickle, an arch waggish fellow. 1828J. W. Croker Diary 23 Apr. in C. Papers (1884) I. 416 The Duke of Cumberland was there, and his son Prince George. This little pickle is about nine. 1837Miss Mitford Country Stories (1850) 55 Young Sam Tyler, Jem's eldest hope, a thorough Pickle. 1885[see picklesome].
†b. attrib. or as adj. = pickled ppl. a.1 2 b.
1797A. M. Bennett Beggar Girl (1813) III. 278 His son, a pickle young dog.
c. A woman with a sour disposition; an unattractive woman. slang.
1950[see lemon n.1 1 b]. 1970Women Speaking Apr. 5/1 If a man doesn't like a girl's looks or personality, she's a..pickle, prune, [etc.].
6. attrib. and Comb., as pickle-barrel, pickle-boiler, pickle-bottle, pickle-dealer, pickle-farm, pickle-jar, pickle-pot, pickle-room, pickle-shop; pickle-cured a., cured or preserved in pickle; pickle-leaf, an ornamental dish, in the form of a leaf, for pickles, etc.; pickleman, one who makes or sells pickles; pickle-worm U.S., the caterpillar of a moth (Phacellura nitidalis), which destroys young cucumbers, etc.; pickle-yard, the yard in which meat is pickled for the navy.
1757W. Thompson R.N. Advoc. 14 A Cooper and a *Pickle-Boiler being two distinct Employments.
1852Dickens Bleak Ho. (1853) v. 35 *Pickle bottles, wine bottles, ink bottles. 1879Mrs. A. G. F. E. James Ind. Househ. Managem. 21 A wide-mouthed pickle-bottle, with air-tight cork. 1945Coast to Coast 1944 140 Davie always had a pickle bottle for staging heroic contests between red-joes and black-joes.
1791–3in Spirit Pub. Jrnls. (1799) I. 116 A *Pickle-dealer and an Italian Fidler.
1890Daily News 20 Sept. 3/1 A *pickle-farm at the present time of year, with its peeling and brining processes, is an interesting sight.
1836Dickens Sk. Boz 1st Ser. I. 237 Some *pickle-jars; some surgeons' ditto. 1899Allbutt's Syst. Med. VIII. 13 A man whose work consisted of covering pickle-jars with bladder. 1952Coast to Coast 1951–52 29 The farmer carried a glass pickle-jar with a screw-top lid. 1977G. Marton Alarum 49 The Russians re-ordered the smoked salmon—ate the garnish of pickles around the salmon and..wanted the whole pickle jar.
1859Smiles Self-Help ii. (1860) 41 Melon table-plates, green *pickle-leaves, and such like articles.
1731Lond. Even. Post 9 Nov., John Potts, *Pickleman in Gracious Street.
1769Mrs. Raffald Eng. Housekpr. (1778) 43 Put them into *pickle pots; when the liquor is cold pour it upon the oysters. 1903Nature 19 Nov. 68/2 After Watt's patent, Newcomen engines were made with separate condensers without air-pumps, the air being discharged through a snifting-valve. Such condensers were known as ‘pickle-pots’.
1809Kendall Trav. II. xlvi. 132 From the water-rooms, it is drawn into a second range of vats or rooms, called *pickle-rooms.
1773Goldsmith 13 Apr. in Boswell Johnson, The very next shop to Northumberland-house is a *pickle-shop.
1757W. Thompson R.N. Advoc. 22, I..was..made inspecting Cooper of the *Pickle-yard.
▪ II. pickle, n.2 Sc. and north. dial.|ˈpɪk(ə)l|
[Origin unknown.
The two senses are not generally felt to be the same word in Scotch; but cf. the use of grain in ‘I hae-na a grain o' saut i' the hoose’; ‘A man without a grain o' sense’.]
1. A single grain or corn of wheat, barley, or oats, e.g. a barley-pickle, a barley-corn.
b. Formerly, also, a single grain or particle (of sand, dust, etc.).
1552Abp. Hamilton Catech. (1884) 204 As breid is maid of mony pickillis of corne. 17..Song, O gin my Love ii, O gin my love were a pickle of wheat, Awa' wi' that pickle o' wheat I wad flee. 1805R. W. Dickson Pract. Agric. I. 557 The ears are found to have alternately a plump well⁓filled pickle and an empty husk. 1868Atkinson Cleveland Gloss., Pickle, a single grain or kernel; of corn, rice, or the like.
b.1632Rutherford Lett. (1862) I. xxii. 87 Ye shall run out your glass even to the last pickle of sand. 1656Jeanes Mixt. Schol. Div. 150 Rotten, and dissolved into innumerable pickles of dust.
2. A small quantity or amount (of fluid, powder, or anything quantitative); a little. (Followed by n. without of.)
a1724in Ramsay's Tea-t. Misc. (1733) I. 9 Sick's I ha'e ye's get a pickle. 1724Ramsay I have a Green Purse i, I have a green purse, and a wee pickle gowd. a1810Tannahill Poems (1846) 16 I've spun a pickle yarn. 1816Scott Old Mort. xl, I wad get my pickle meal and my soup milk. 1822Galt Provost xxxviii. (1868) 110 A pickle tea and sugar. 1893Stevenson Catriona 75 Ye'll have..to think a wee pickle less of your dainty self.
▪ III. pickle, v.1|ˈpɪk(ə)l|
[f. pickle n.1 Cf. MDu. (a 1479), Du., MLG. pekelen, Ger. pökeln.]
1. a. trans. To put into or steep in pickle; to preserve in pickle. (Sometimes, To preserve with salt, to salt, as butter.)
1552[see pickled1 1]. 1570Levins Manip. 122/1 To Pickle flesh, condire, salire. 1599Hakluyt Voy. II. 110 They vse to pickle them with vineger and salt. 1661Lovell Hist. Anim. & Min. 220 Salmon... If pickled it's like Sturgian. 1732Berkeley Alciphr. vi. §14 A physician, who, having pickled half a dozen embryos [etc.]. 1768Cowper Let. to J. Hill 3 May, Mrs. Rebecca Cowper's receipt to pickle cabbage. 1893K. A. Sanborn Truthf. Wom. S. California 28 The processes of pickling olives.
b. To fill (a vessel) with pickle or brine for preserving meat.
1757Wood in W. Thompson R.N. Advoc. 12 The Casks to be always drove and pickled in Time.
c. intr. To undergo the process of pickling.
1904G. Parker Ladder of Swords ix. 110 You have prepared your own brine, monsieur; in it you shall pickle.
2. Naut. To rub salt, or salt and vinegar, on the back after whipping or flogging: formerly practised as a punishment.
1706Inq. Naval Miscarriages in Harl. Misc. (Park) I. 574 The whipping and pickling of seamen (a barbarous practice which has been much used of late) has likewise been a great hindrance to the manning of our fleet. 1725De Foe Voy. round World (1840) 90 Pickling, that is to say, throwing salt and vinegar on the back after the whipping. 1887J. K. Laughton in Dict. Nat. Biog. XII. 205/1 It was acknowledged that [in Corbet's ship, c 1808] the number of men flogged was very great;..and that the backs of the sufferers were habitually pickled.
3. a. To steep in or treat with some acid, or other chemical preparation, for cleansing or other purpose, in various manufactures, etc.
1844Stephens Bk. Farm II. 503 Seed-wheat should be pickled, that is, subjected to a preparation in a certain kind of liquor, before it is sown. 1858Greener Gunnery 219 ‘Pickled’ is the term also used to describe the process, which is simply eating away the softer metals from around the steel or harder material. 1868Joynson Metals 103 The sheets to be galvanised are pickled, scoured, and cleaned. 1887Gumming Electricity 213 The objects are first ‘pickled’ in a bath of mixed dilute nitric and sulphuric acids. 1889Standard 22 Oct. 2 The ordinary dressings with which seed-corn is ‘pickled’, to prevent bunt or smut.
b. ‘To prepare, as an imitation, and sell as genuine; said of copies or imitations of paintings by the old masters. Art Jour.’ (Webster 1864).
4. transf. and fig. in various applications.
c1620Z. Boyd Zion's Flowers (1855) 18 For this our eyes are pickled up with teares, That are most brinie. 1651Cleveland Elegy on Abp. Canterbury 36 Not to repent, but pickle up their Sin. 1790Burke Fr. Rev. Wks. V. 47 A theory, pickled in the preserving juices of pulpit eloquence. 1904Daily Chron. 1 Sept. 8/2, I think you are pickling a rod for your own back.
5. trans. (See quot. 1970.) U.S.A.F. slang.
1966Time 20 May 36/3 ‘I broke to the right,’ recalled Dudley after last week's action, ‘and pickled (dropped) my fuel tanks.’ 1970Word Watching Apr. 7/1 Pickle, to drop extra fuel tanks or equipment: to drop bombs.
▪ IV. ˈpickle, v.2 Obs. or dial.
[dim. or freq. of pick v.1]
†1. (?) To pick clean, cleanse by minute picking.
c1440Promp. Parv. 397/1 Pykelynge, purgulacio. 1591Sylvester Du Bartas i. vi. 286 The Wren..Into his [the crocodile's] mouth he skips, his teeth he pickles Cleanseth his palate.
2. trans. and intr. To pick in a small way, or a little at a time; to peck, nibble; to eat sparingly or delicately. Also fig. Chiefly Sc. and dial.
1513Douglas æneis xii. Prol. 158 Phebus red fowle..Pykland his meyt in alleis quhar he went. 1570Levins Manip. 122/2 To Pickle, eat nicely, edere minutim. 1583Golding Calvin on Deut. i. 6 Whensoeuer we haue..but pickled vpon the doctrine without suffering it to work any true liuelinesse in vs. a1585Polwart Flyting w. Montgomerie 727 Lick where I laid, and pickle of that pye. 1793T. Scott Poems 325 (Jam.) Robin Routh and Marion Mickle, Wha baith contentitlie did pickle Out o' ae pocke. 1818Scott Hrt. Midl. xxviii, Aweel, lass,..then thou must pickle in thine ain poke-nook, and buckle thy girdle thine ain gate. 1855Robinson Whitby Gloss., Pickle,..to eat or pick but a small quantity at a time, as sickly cattle are said only to pickle a bit out of the hand at once.
b. To deal with in a minute way, to piddle (obs.); see also quot. a 1825.
a1568R. Ascham Scholem. (Arb.) 158 To busie my selfe in pickling about these small pointes of Grammer. a1825Forby Voc. E. Anglia, Pickle, v. to glean a field a second time, when, of course, very little can be found.
▪ V. pickle
obs. var. pightle; local var. of pikel. |